1) Significance of Sparta

a. Sparta was a city gaining power after Spartans defeated Athenians in

Peloponnese War . Sparta was the city of military . Therefore Spartans were
good allies when it came to wars and military services . They protected Greek
lands from Persians . Their training was based on being a good soldier and
being disciplined . They educated both girls and boys . They think that women
were the powerful mothers of the powerful soldiers . Women had to protect the
Sparta against enemies when Men were not around . Sparta was leading force
of the unified Greek military during the Greco-Persian Wars. Sparta gave
much to Greek philosophy by reality and the myths .Their theories for
attacking to the enemy inspired Plato’s ruling a government ideas . Sparta was
considerably great in terms of constitution and social services when compared
to other ancient cities . Spartans had many laws for every people in society
including woman enjoying their rights . Sparta was also great for educating
everyone in the society . Additionally ,That area still posseses theathers ,
sculptures as well which is less compared to Athens .

2) Main idea of Iliad

Iliad was a story of war which started due to Paris’ love for Helen . It introduced
many gods , heroes and semi-gods such as Achilles ,Hector and Paris . But we can say
that it was more about Achilles’ rage and the will for revenge . His friend Patroclus’
death made him attend to the war arena again . Achilles was the last hope of Trojans
and the city Troya which was besieged for 10 years . People were exhausted due to
fighting for ten years and Achilles gathered the army again to attack to the enemy
again . His will for revenge paid off while fighting for the war and Trojans started to
retreat . Hector tried to save his friends and people during that time but He met
Achilles there . Achilles took his revenge from Hector by killing and made him crawl
on the ground to his dead body . This story may show the importance of friendship and
what it can make people do from that side of the story in that sense . But after doing
that and burning everything on fire and conducting in a funeral for his friend ; Achilles
gave Hector’s body to his father . That may show that how destroying wars are and
how it hurts people . It may show that there’s nothing you can do after death . It shows
that wars and the feeling of rage and ego are pointless . It teaches about how to forgive
and letting go the ego aside .It shows us dealing with pain shouldn’t be about taking
revenge since it might be even more painful . It’s about how not to mourn after
someone . It’s about how to do empathy since Achilles tried to understand How
Hector’s father felt .
3) Characteristics of Ancient Greek Drama.
The Ancient Greeks took drama seriously since they thought that it was a way of
investigating people . Tragedy was based on love , pride , god-human relationships ,
loss and revenge . Usually protagonist made a terrible mistake and the following bad
events happened to protagonist to make protagonist understand about the mistakes
protagonist was doing .Aristotle thinks that our heart is cleansing with drama with our
awareness to someone’s pain and realizing even there’s a merit in pain . It’s also
called as catharsis . Hubris is an another characteristics of drama which means pride or
egoistic making someone fall into bad mistakes or a revenge . This elements was used
to teach ethic laws by humiliating the hubristic person in the play like Medea in the
play of The Medea . Killing someone , humiliating other , molestation were shamed in
Ancient Greece which appeared in the drama as well .Fate is another element which
means The events which was prescribed by the Gods would happen in the future . You
couldn’t escape from destiny was a famous main idea in the plays .The chorus also
played an important role in the Ancient Greek drama . They were used to give
advices , popping questions and giving opinions . They were like idealized spectators .
Mimesis was a another element pf Greek drama which means to mimic . People used
to wear masks and perform in open-air before the theater buildings were built . Peri-
peti was used for the moment when nothing would be the same .Hamartia was used to
describe that one could understand his mistake causing peri-peti. Anagnorisis was
used when someone made a critical comment of themselves . Punishment theme was
also used . Also Aristotle divided tragedy into two characteristics which is internal and
external including rhythm ,theme(main idea),language ,plot(the arrangement of the
story) , characters ,thoughts and spectators . Prologues , introduction , episedion and
atasimon were used for this terms in Greek .