Pharos University in Alexandria

Delivery Systems
and Bidding

Building Law, Regulation, Done By: Menatallah Hassan Ramzy

Codes and Practices
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CONTENTS

Bidding Types ...........................................................................................................2

Project Delivery Systems Diagram .............................................................................4
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Bidding Types

There are four different bidding types that are used to set different prices
negotiated by people or businesses that are willing to pay for something. These
four different bidding types are classified under ‘Tendering’ which is a formal
way of trading under terms of offer. The first type of tendering is:

1. Open Tender (Public Tender):

• Done through advertisement in news that agencies see to see if
they are compatible to join the bid or not.
• It allows any interested contractor/supplier to tender, so it opens
the opportunity for new contractors/suppliers to compete for the
work.
• It takes bias and favouritism out of the invitation stage, ensuring
good competition and enabling the buyer to judge a range of
tenders.
• Its drawback is that it takes time due to elimination procedure.

2. Close Tender:
• An invitation to tender, which is issued to a limited group of
potential suppliers that are approved by their supplier database.
• Then an agreement is reached to by both sides from chosen
supplier between the two invited as two suppliers are minimally
required to choose from.
• The government does not approve of this method though.

3. Competitive Tender:
• It’s a completed, priced and pre-prepared document that lays out
terms, conditions and specification.
• The company invited 6-7 suppliers to propose the document to.
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• Around 4 weeks are allowed for the suppliers to send in their

tenders.
4. Direct Order Tender:
• It’s to be specific and pick a specific contractor to deal with.
• This type of tendering is done for projects that are of low cost,
private projects or vital projects (like military projects)
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There are multiple possible project delivery systems that are to be done or analyzed
but, in the end, the best delivery system is the one chosen to be applied by the
architects and owners.

Currently though I will be analyzing the current example of a ‘Project Delivery System
Diagram’:

As portrayed in the diagram above, any ‘Project Delivery System’ has sub-divisions that
analyze all the minimum requirements needed for each demivery method which are all
alternatives to one another. They’re mainly divided into two types though; Traditional
Delivery and Alternative Delivery. But in both delivery types we can notice that the
owner is a main component to be present in the cylce of communication and
agreements to be made.
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For the Traditional Delivery this is a further explanatory diagram for its Design-Bid-
Build Delivery System; as you can see it has its own complex cycle:
This method involves three types of
phases which are designing phase,
bid phase and building phase.
Designing phase involves selection
of a designer of the project for
development of design. Bid phase
involves selection of a contractor
and the build phase involves
selection of a low bid contractor.
This method will lead to a fixed and
low bid contract for the project. In
this both designer and contractor
are responsible for designing and
bidding.

While for the Alternative Delivery this is a further diagram explaining its Design Build
cycle in details:

The owner starts creating and

assigning existing contractors,
engineers and consultants. This
method includes use of only single
designer and contractor for
development of architectural and
other designs of the project. In this
also the owner and designer are
responsible for any construction and
designing.
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• Performance cost of all the delivery

systems will improve and construction
cost gets reduced.
• The project designing and construction
will complete in the given budget.
• The project gets completed at the
given scheduled time. This will make
project more reliable and relevant.
• By choosing correct delivery methods,
one can achieve client’s satisfaction.
• It will increase efficiency of the
project.
• It will improve the quality of
construction and designing.