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ACKNOWIEDGEMENTS
ILltfiotiusby: Andy Parker pp.50: Arpad oibey/Sylvie Poggio Artists Agency pp.11, 13;
Gavin Reece pp.108, 116; Kevin Hopgood pp.102; Peter Cotti[pp.lT,27,37,47,57,
67,77,87 (Dominoes: The Swiss Family Robinson); Sem Longcroft pp.32, 101; Sinon
Cooperflhe Orgmisation pp.16, 84, 119.
The publishu wmldlikE tothffikthefollowingfor permissiontn reprodue photograpls:123RI
pp.25 (Sydney Opera House/chaiwat Leelakajonkij), 31 (buffalo/Amy Hanis), 31 (gintre/
Aleksmdu Hubenov), 102 (pebbles/Artem Gorohov); Alamy Images pp.o (girl in art clss/
Hero Images Inc.), 8 (maruel comicsiJHPhoto), 8 (pacmm screen shot/Arcadelmages),
9 (loom band bracelets/Andrew Paterson), 9 (ty bears/CarolynJenkins), 10 (AIS ice bucket
challenge/nAR-TAss Photo Agency), 15 (Elvis Presley single/GranamourWeems
Collection), 18 (eye close up/WRIGHT, Reluimages), 18 (mouth close uplletra Irnages),
19 (brealdast/Galina Mikhalishina), 21 (chocolatier/Gonzalo Azumendi, age fotostock),
22 (children feed alpacas/Flashgm, image Source), 22 (Asian fiuit/raffaele meucci,
MARKA), 25 (ice cream desert/Frank Wieder, Bon Appetit), 29 (big wave sufer/George
Kilbus Photography ), 35 (family paddle boading/Kelly Funk, All Canada Photos),
40 (insect meavMuinilian Weinzierl), 41 (pen and notepad/BrimJackson), 42 (iRobot
vaoum/Oleksiy Makslmenko Photography), 42 (old beer bme{David Askham),
43 (hmdbags/Dan Henick), 45 (Swiss my knifeltevor Peason), 55 (teenage boy on
laptop/Onoky, Photononstop), 59 (girls in classroon/Greg Balfour Evms), 59 (school boys
in domitory/Greg Balfou Evans), 71 (cyclist giving directions/Stock Fomdry Images),
73 (three donuts/D. Hurst), 73 (bmd1e oftlventy pound notes/Andrew Paterson),
75 (neighbourhood watch sign/PhotoEdit), 82 (comic book/FILM STIILS), 82 (comic book/
FILM STILTS), 90 (roller coaster,rPuestock), 99 (banma famer/Simon Rawles),
100 (activist holds sign/Frances Roberts), 101 (youth cross comfiy/Yon Mtrsh),
104 (blonde hair/dpa picture alliance archive), 104 (JemiferAniston/zuMA),
110 (students in art classiPurestock), 114 (tea party/LH Irnages), 118 (porrait ofshop
assistmt/Raphye Alexius ); Almy Stock Photo pp.91 (Aspirin tablets/Iconic Conwall),
91 (Ught bulbsKeith Homm), 106 (Lake District map/CBW); Bridgemm Images
pp.20 (painting on cmvas/John Willims, Julian HiltnoU), 89 (portrait ofJohn Constable/
Daniel Gardner, Victoria & Albert Musem, The Stapleton Collection), 89 (The Hay Waini
Jobn Constable, National Gallery), 97 (concentric circlesfMassily Kandinsky); Corbis
pp.12 (mother and daughter/Hybrid lmages), 20 (Hellen Keller/Bettmann), 20 (spices/
Siephoto, Masterfile),25 (dried seaweed/Lauence Mouton, PhotoAlto),28 (gilaffe,
elephmts, mountainiDllllc), 29 (caves/Robbie Shone, Aurora Photos),41 (fu1l
refiigerator/Foodfolio, the food passionates), 58 (homeschooling/GAXTAN BAILY,
Keystone), 62 (politician talks to reporters/237, Robert DaIy, Ocem), 71 (man skydiving/
Sam Diephuis), 73 (infmt goriila/Suzi Eszterhas, Minden Pictures), 90 (touists watch
elephant/craig Love11), 90 (friends watch 3D film/trVavebreak Media Ltd), 92 (teenagersi
Kevin Dodge), 104 (mullet haturut/Anthony Redpath), 104 (stytst woman/Hero Images
Inc.), 106 (girl with backpack/Juice Images), 108 (map on India/Chds Con, Ikon Images),
114 (students sitting testflan Lishman, Juice Images), 118 (portmit ofyoung fmily/tr'Iike
Kemp, Blend Images); Edwin Sabuhoro pp.72 (Edwin Sabuhoro); Getty Images pP.o (teen
boys sharing laptop and headphones/Caiaimagefiom Merton), 4 (smiling teemger/
Westend6l), 7 (footballer/Laurence Grifiths), 8 (iPod/Handout), 10 (pet rock/Al Freni,
Contributor), 10 (pogs/Xavier Rossi), 12 (four students/Digital Vision), 14 (men's suit/
Howild Kingsnorth), 15 (youg adults dancingiceorge Marks), 15 (hula champion/FPG),
18 (cactus and hand/Jeftey Coolidge), 21 (mm on water slide/mediaphotos), 22 (theme
park/PYMCA), 28 (fish in coral ree{Georgette Douma), 28 (grand canyon/kjschoen),
29 (Iguazu falls/Wemer Vm Steen), 29 (penguins/Danita Delimont), 29 (Gobi desert/Jenny
Jones), 30 (woman smiling/Peoplelmages), 32 (clitrdiving/Hmdout), 38 (power statiorv
Christopher Furlong), 38 (people clearing plastic), 38 (man collects snails/LIUIN), 39 (oil
leak/ChinaFotoPress), 39 (river and settlement/Brent Lewis), 40 (ve(ical farming main/
Mmdi), 42 (so1ar powered lmppost),48 (teenagers on mobiles/Image Souce),
58 (students dudng lesson/Caiaimage, Sam Edwrds), 58 (preschool leamers/Solstock),
60 (football schooUJUAN MABROMAIA), 61 (father helps sonwith homework/Caiaimage,
Tom Merton), 61 (preschool leamers/Solstock), 62 (scientistilvestend6l), 62 (engineer
works on jetfi4onty Rakusen), 62 (mm gives presentation/PhotoAlto, Sigrid Olsson)'
62 (woman on stage/Rubberball, MarkAndersen), 69 (peppers/PeskyMonkey),
70 (homeless mm honored/Boston Globe), 71 (teenagers with sparklers/Flenglein and
Steets), 71 ($andson and grandmotherltetra Images), 81 (Jim Pilsons/Araya Diaz)'
85 (teenager reading/Arthu Tilley), 89 (tiger painting/Hedtage Images), 90 (girt rides zip
line/DreamPictmes, Shmon Faulk), 91 (sales assistant in hardware shop/tluntstock),
92 (students on stage/Hil1 Sffeet Studios), 92 (teemgers dancing/skynesher), 93 (fashion
designers/Caiaimage, Tom Merton), 93 (toudstsKelvin Munay), 96 (Al Waffous/centml
Press), 103 (The Wu of the Worlds book coverflJniversal HistoryArchive/tJlG)' 10a Ounk
with mohawk/Dimitri Otis), 104 (womm holds basketbalvsam Edwilds), 104 gimmy
Page/Larry Hulst/Michael Ochs Archives), 107 (cil boot sale/culttra RM Exclusive, Frmk
and Helena), 107 (girl with maket stalvsteve Rym), 109 (teacher with pupils/Caiaimage'
Cbris Rym), 109 (filming/Hero Images), 109 (engineer repatuing turbine/Monty Rakusen),
109 (businessman and graphs/Monty Rakusen), 110 (woman's football team/Kelvin
Muffay), 117 (cliffjumping/Juergen Richter, LooK-foto), 117 (volcmo eruPtion/sebastian
Crespo Photogaphy), 118 (teemgers playing tennis/Susm Chiang), 118 (teenager
leming to drive/Westend6l); Hotspot Media pp.30 (Liz Clark); istoclQhoto pp.45 (tent/
evemilla), 69 (before md after porfait/Iambada), 72 (healthy food/Steve Debenport)'
91 (Deodorant/DclD), 91 (SoapiDNYsg), 91 (Bottle of shmpoo/Christopher O Driscoll),
91 (Washing-up liquid/Muid Toutoudaki); Kobal Collection pP.78 (Avengers/Mawel, Walt
Disney Pictures), 78 (The Age of Adaline/Lakeshore Entertaiment, Sidney Kimet
Entertainment, Sieila, Affinity, Lionsgate), 78 (BridgetJones/miversal, studio Canal,
Miramax), 78 (The Martian.2oth Century Fox, Geme Fllms, lntemational Tiaders, Mid
Atlantic films), 78 (Mmma Mia/Universal Pictures; Relativity Media, Littlestil, Pla)'tone),
79 (Fast & Furious 6lUniversal), 80 (Avengers/Mawe1, Walt Disney Pictures). 82 (Spectre/
Columbia, EON, Danjaq, MGM), 95 (Batman vs SupemanfMarner Bros, DC Comics)'
95 (Hunger Games/Lionsgate, Color Force), 95 (Sherlock Holmes/Silver Pictues),
115 (School of RocldParmount, Scott Rudin Productions, MFP, New Century, SoR
Productions), 115 (School ofRock/Paamount, Scott Rudin Productions, MFP, New
Century, SOR Productions), 115 (School ofRock/Paramount, Scott Rudin Productions,
MFP, New Centwy, SOR Productions); Maril)m Price pp.72 (Mailyn Price/Markham
Johnson); Mark Bedol pp.44 (Bedolwater Clock); MenghanJin pp.44 (Magazine Bowl);
Oxford University Press pp.19 (family portrait/Garetl Boden), 24 (hiker in mountains/
Olga Danylenko), 38 (recycling plastic bottles/Image Source), 40 (grasshoPper/alexsvftid),
40 (coqsupertrooper), 60 (footbaluirin-k), 65 (colouring pencils/Etemalfeelings)'
78 (popcom/Richard Peterson), 105 (fish md chips/nunb), 118 (university $aduates/
IMAGEMORE Co, Ltd); Pikko's House pp.83 Wool cake/Crystal Wmtmabe); Press
Association Images pp.105 (deckchairs on beach/Lauren Huley/PAArchive); Reuters
Pictures pp.32 (big wave surfer Gmett McNmila/X.afael Milchmte), 94 (no smoking
prctest/Nicky Loh); Rex Shutterstock pp.10 (mm on top offlagpole/Coutesy Everett
Collection), 10 (world rup stickers/Isopix), 11 (dance milathon wimers/CSU Archives,
Everett collection), 12 (teenagers weiling cosplay clotles/Alex Segre), 22 (charity bike
ride/John Curtis), 32 (Red Bull Statos Supersonic FreefalryJay Nemetl), 32 (surrmit
celebration/Sipa Press), 32 (naidentrip/Tist Run FeatEes), 39 (girls wear face masks/
REX), 60 (perfoming arts atrd technolos/ in Croydon[\lick Cunild), 60 (drama students/
Paul Grover), 61 (speaker dmk/David Caudery Future Publishing), 62 (construction
workers/lMestEnd6l), 78 (Thewoljbnm/Snap Stills), 80 (Baahubali: The Beginning/
Courtesy Everett Collection), 81 (Osa awud/Design Pics Inc.), 90 (water slide/REx),
94 (student demonstntion/Ben Cawthra), 9a (mti-war demonstrationAlark Thomas),
103 War of the Worlds/Snap Stills), 111 Oooks[Ipo Musto), 111 (Cape Clear Island'
Irelmd/Alex
IrelmdiAlex Segre), 111 (Edinburgh book festivalddp ofRock/film
festivaVddp USA), 115 (School ot Rock/nlm
Stills); Robin Snal1pp.44 (Magazine Fl:me): Science Photo Library p.'14 (wnd (wind uP radloi
radio/
Cordelia Molloy):
Molloy); ShutteNtock pP.4 bench/lumtiream,, 5 (teenager
pp.4 (teemger sitting on bench/RimDream).
on bus/Dclimages), 6 (collage ofphotos/turlakova), 6 (teenager thinking/www.
BillionPhotos.com), 9 (Rubik's obeirbmbuz), 13 (teemgers at paffy/Pressmaster)'
14 bootsiNadila Korol), 14 (trainers
(boots/Nadila Koroll. onbox,ljmsempoi), 14 (blue hooded jmper/sagir
(tniners onbox,limsemooi). imperisagtu),
15 (mm throwing fiisbeef,jupco Smokovski), 18 (cloudscapelVadim Georgiev)'
18 (human ear closeup/Nine11), 18 (male head shoti Dan Kosmayer), 18 (child smelling
sunflower/Vitalinka), 18 (tnveller photogmphing temples/Daxiao Productions)'
19 (woman fallen offbike/Piotr Milcinski), 19 (coastal countryside viewstefmo Gilau),
19 (hospita{fheeRiversll), 19 (brom leather wallet^torker), 19 (butterfly on hand/
Vil<tor Gladkov), 19 (child eating ice cem/Chepko Danil Vitalevich), 19 (man with
headphones/N4inefla Studio), 20 (vintage pertume/tanuha2001), 20 (loaf of bread/Paul
Cowm), 23 (Fenei 458/EwenKalinbacak), 23 (alpaca['{.Minton), 25 (Newgrange tomb
entrance/Pecold), 25 (retro accordian/Africa Studio), 25 (drum/Dani Simonds),
28 (world globe/rtguest), 29 (penguin/Jm Martin Wiil), 33 (surfboud/abramsdesign)'
33 (girl skiing/IM,photo), 38 (modem world concept/alphaspirit), 42 (waterproofphone/
lucadp), 42 (smartwatch/Denys Prykhodov), 42 (box of items/moomsabuy),
48 (generations conceptFlibrida), 48 (ffee in field/who is Dmy), 48 (toddler playing/
Oksma Kuzmina), 48 (boy on trmpotinefr.{ikkel Bigmdt), 48 (development of people/
Amasumy24), 49 (portrait of $mdpa and grmdson/olesia Billkei), 51 (Mars and space/
Vadim Sadovski), 52 (post-it notes/Elnur), 53 (electric guitar/dem bertoncelj), 53 (karate
pose womm/Giovmni G), 60 (River plate Stadim/Rafael Miltin-Gaitero), 62 (nuse
helping patient/Monkey Business Images), 62 (pupil in art class/Monkey Business
Images), 62 (network setrer room and businessmen/dotshock), 62 Liudge pounding
mallet/bikeriderlondon), 63 (questionwritten on chalkboard/Gustavo Frazao),
63 (stethoscope/s second studio), 65 (travel essentials/Csaba Peterdi), 68 (pink bmd/Mega
Pixel), 68 (killer whale/sakiflowerl988), 69 (red PePper/Alexlukin), 70 (waitress taking
order/BrianAJackson), 74 (recycle slmborygraphego), 83 (cupcake cases,lRuth Black),
84 (digital clapper board/oatjo), s5 (Kindle[hinglass), 86 (Sherlock Holmes silhouette/
ostill), 88 (shoespena Pan), 88 (trainers/bdstudio), 88 (denimjacketfashionall),
88 (iacketflazhanova), 90 (Indonesian food/wong yu liang), 90 (Asim family/wong sze
)uen), 90 (chilften zorbing/Jorg Hackemm), 90 (pasta/catalin Petolea), 90 (family
ColoradolYuek Gora), 91 (Duracell batteries/Jeftey B. Banke), 91 (lube oftoothpaste),
92 (fernale soccer teamfwavebreakmedia), 92 (Teacher helping student with
photography,\4onkey Business Images), 93 (female chef/SpeedKingz), 93 (ffavel agent/
Dima Sidelnikov), 93 {bmaid holding plates/wavebreakmedia), 93 (supermarket
assistantixixinxing), 96 (friends ruming/Martin Novak), 98 (river in Spaininito)'
98 (water cycle in natuefl\4erkushevVasilir, 100 (injecting tomato/Guzel Studio),
102 (philosopherwith book/Rybkina20o9), 104 (porfait ofmarvlipik), 112 (red
headphones/iceink), 117 (skydiving photo/Gemmskydiver), 117 (tourist in cave/
Mikadun), 118 (newlywed couple md fiiends/Halfpoint); Southwest News Sewice
p.70 (Dan Black & BreconVaughan).
Video Stilsby'. Oxford University Press ppj,4,79,24,29,34,39,44,49,54,59' 64,69,74,
79.84.
 ffi

Starter unit 4
Unit 1 Fads and fashions I
Unit 2 Sensations 15
Unit 3 Adventure ?4
Unit 4 The material world 3?
Unit 5 Years ahead 40
Unit 5 Learn 48
Unit 7 Big ideas 55
Unit 8 On screen 64

Cumulative review 7Z
Language focus reference and practice 76
hlordlist 94
Key phrases 103
lrregular verbs list LO4
 aft K

Match I-7 with a-g. Then use the time 3 W Complete the sentences with the correct
expressions to say how often you do each activity. verbs.
Mum and Dad always . . .g0qk. on
at the weekend every day on weekdays weekdays, but sometimes I do it
in the morning / afternoon / evening at the weekend. I normally make
once or twice a day / week / month
oasta and salad for dinner.
1 | don't usually
1 tidy a to music immediately after waking up. I

2 oo b breakfast like to stay in bed for a few minutes and think

3 watch c your room about my day.
4 8o d your homework 2 | always . before school. I often have
5 I iste n eup juice, some toast and some fruit. Then l'm not
6 have f videos hungry until Iunchtime.
7 wake g to school 3 | usually as soon as I get home from
school. When it's finished, I can enjoy the rest of
1 Itidy r,ry fpsn .O_ng_e AWpe-k,
my evenrnS.
2
3
4 ltry to ..... for a while
every day. Sometimes I go for a
4
walk, and other times I watch
5
videos or listen to music.
6
7
5 | don't very often
because I haven't got much
7 money to spend. I sometimes go running with
Correct the words.
myfriends instead. We like exercising.
I finish school at 3.00 and I usually6e++e*eme at 6 | ...... ..... everymorningbybus.lttakes
3.45. get ho-np about twenty-five minutes. The bus arrives at
1 What time do you usually wake you up? 8.05, and lessons start at 9.00, so l'm never late.

2 We relax always after dinner. 4 W Write four or five complete sentences

comparing your typical daily routine with what
They go shopping in the weekend. you do on holiday. What's the same and what's
different?
Do you always make your homework? 141w4yg !v-ak9 gp ai630- ptr .wpe-kdeyg ard a!.aro-und8,30
at. tie .weeke nd., .W-h.c:n.lln.p-n.h-olid.an l ssnally. get up . .

My brother doesn't listen music much, but he later ...

watches videos every day.

6 My mum goes to work at eight on the morning.

7 On Saturdays I often have the breakfast late.

8 We go to bed later the Fridays.

4 Starter unit
 1 W Complete the table with the word. 3 Complete the postcard using the correct
form ofthe verbs.
aren't do does doesn't do#t has
have having is isn't 'm 're come not get up go go have help
stay wake up write you / do

i&*u

HiCameron,
t yo, have breakfast? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. t inwfit-i[g thispoetcardfromYteal
/ lt ....... ............. herefortan Aaye
1
He / She
l, t3... ... have breakfast
I
I
with my ltalian exchange Partner, CameronOmilh
Liliana, andwe alot of lBRichmondRoad
funtogether. Atypical daY hereie Liverpool
diff erent from al home. Her brcther L5 gAJ
I brea kfa st. Claudiol really earty UK
ev ery day to go to college, h.tt' we' te
We /You /They before
onholiday, so wea
Are they having breakfast? Yes, they are. 9,3O.Weolaens ovt to
/ No, they
a lo cal caf 6 tor breaktast - rt's rcalty
nice. fhen w e go sight*eirl4' At title
.ltl
He / She / lt
|
'r /' i
havinS breakfast.
I
momenl,l6 @Vryfr
preeente.lu,liara7 tf'€.
she having breakfast? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Whats t"hie.wr;*?*c
you naxt Motrdzy atxtwil.

7" Choose the correct words. Crenrgb

I'm h avi n g p ro b I e m sr t.. pin g@-"rn;;"n.-ty
always /yesterday. ---
1 Does / /ls
Aaron usually get up early?
Are 4 tBE? Answer the questions. Write three or four
2 What time are they wantin g / dothey want / complete sentences.
they want to leave?
How often do you cook? Who's cooking dinner
3 He doesn't like / not like /isn't liking maths.
tonight? What food do you like and dislike?
4 'Areyou enjoying the book?' 'Yes, I do / oft on, l4y dad is p p pking.din
I d.o.nl ! o opk :rpry nel.- -tsf ugfi t,
enjoy /am; I liks pastz an d pizza, but I dpnlf lika fish.
5 Does Anna have / Has Anna / ls Anna having
more than one mobile phone? 1 Where do you usually go on holiday? Who do you
6 Right now, she chats /'s chatting does chat go with and what do you do there?
/
to her friends.
7 'When does the bus leave /the bus leaves /
is the bus leaving?' 'At7.45 every morning.'

what's your best rri..J a"irf ilt il;i ;; t;;

think your parents are doing now?

Starter unit 5
 1 W Find the irregular past simple forms of 4 ffi Complete the online message using the
the verbs. correct irregular past simple verbs.

b€ be buy eat give go hear maKe

see speak teach

A D o K B o U c H I

E I .W A S] C c P E c
P T D o A H M A I
M

L A C B W E N T R A

E U S E N A F D N D

K c M F I R I 5 c E

I FI W T R D T E A N

A T E H A S L W E

B o R T S P o K E M

L H E N c o E J I B

a ffiW O,W Choose the word with a different

vowel sound. Then listen and check.
made nru. (G u \__/
1 saw were taught
2 do go spoke
3 had made ate
4 left were went
5 rode bought taught
6 heard were hear

3 ffiffi Complete the answers with the correct

irregular past simple verbs.
Why did you do it?
I did it because she asked me to.
1 When did they last eat pizza? 5 When was the last time that You had
They pizza last weekend. a surprise? Write five to ten complete sentences
2 At what age did he first ride a horse? that are true for you. Include the answers to these
He first a horse at age nine. questions:
3 When did you first hear that song? . When was it?
We first that song two years ago. . Who was there?
4 What did she make on Sundav? . What happened?
She a chocolate cake. . How did you feel?
5 What did you buy at the shoPs? Tha last lima I had a surpris a wac an wy birthday" My
I some new clothes. palents plannsd a gurBrise, pa;l.y at my h ous,s.Thay wada
a ake and allmy ffiends ws yg, thera. W a had fun and I was
rsally happy,

5 Starter unit
Past simple 3 Rewrite the sentences using the past
simple.
1 trW Complete the table with the words.
I have an exam today. lhad.an.o-xAmlpday,
ate bought bry did didn't eat wantcd 1'Doyou drinkthisjuice?"No, l don't.'

They often go to the cinema.

We don't send many t."t ;;tr;;;.

Regular
verbs (+edf t/You/He/ 4 'Does Jake work there?' 'Yes, he does.'
5he/ltlWe Ptzza.
lrregular /You /They 5 Melisa always wears expensive clothes.
verbs

want Object and subject questions

|/You / He /she / tt / 4/
ptzza.
We /You /They 4 Ct- Write questions about the information in
bold.

t Afextold me. Who tokl,lou?

you eatpizza? we did. / No,
Yes,
we didn't.
I We ate allthe pasta.
What did you eat? We ate pizza.
2 We sawa boringfilm.
Z, ffiW Complete the biography using the past 3 Olivia went home.
simple form of the verbs.

be be live love move notjoin start

4 Mum made this soup.
teach want work write
5 Victor wrote that card.
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien
.... WaS a writer and
a u niversity professor. ffi lmagineyou are interviewing a painter,
Hel fa ntasy writer or musician from the past. Write five object
novels such as The Hobbit and and subject questions. Use the verbs and your own
The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien ideas.
was born in South Africa in
1892 and2 to be become give go learn live make
eighty-one years old. At the age meet paint play teach win write
ofthree.he3... with
w ho gaye.ypu pqr gurt ar?
his familyto England. When the First World War
.y fj:rd
, Tolkien 5.
a university
6
student. He the army like many
of his friends because he 7 .. to finish
his studies first. All his life. Tolkien
reading and studying languages. He managed to
turn his hobby into a job. He e on the
Oxford English Dictionary and laterlo
English Language and Literature at the University
of Oxford.

Starter unit 7
 Cross out the incorrect word.
Actions:tweet / post /app
1 People: toy / fan / follower
2 Electronics: gadget I games console /tweet
3 Very popular things: fan / craze /fad
4 Things you can buy: app / view / comic

z W Complete the sentences with the words.

apps eon+ies fad fan

gadgets games console post social media
tovs views

My brother buys aa,nicg to read about his 3 Complete the words for the definitions.
favou rite su oerheroes.
something that many people are into for a short
1 My friends are playing on a in front
time c raze
of a big TV screen.
2 Areyoua ..... ofanycelebritiesorsports
1 a person who reads another person's posts online
teams?
f
3 Children's . . often become verv
2 websites for making friends and talking to other
people s
popular for a short time.
4 The website Myspace was a 3 the number of times people visit a web page or
online video v
because it was only popular for a fewyears.
5 People post comments on sites like
4 some writing or an image put on social media
p
Twitter and Facebook.
6 Alotofsmartphone....... arefree. 5 a magazine that tells stories in pictures

7 The video went viral and received over a million c....

6 comments on Twitter t .

My friend wrote a great about her

trip to Canada. 4 ffi Complete the post with words on this
page. There may be more than one answer.

.,,,r.
foOaV, many of us are mad about social media
,,,,,',, and are looking for an audience. So, how can you
:,,::]rr make sure your blog has got more
,,,,,,,r and your YouTube videos get more

and likes? One way is to 3....... something

online every week. People like to see something
new, or they get bored quickly! Try to use all the
social media you can. Download popular free
..... such as Instagram and Snapchat

for a bigger audience. Another way is to watch

the media, so that you know about the next
. . before it happens. Go on Twitter
and read the 6................ of the biggest
celebrities, so you can find out what people are
going to be into next.

I Fads and
I
I
t KW Choose the correct words to complete the 3 Correct the words.
table. We were#Suse to go to that school. didn't use
1 They didn't used to like computer games.

|/You /He /She / tlived / live here.

ltlWe /You / 2 Did they used to buy Marvel comics?
They
I rrnf tililr rr"a t" rf"lJ a.rni. Babies.
| /You /He / 4 What did vour favourite cartoon use be?
She / lt /we /
You /They 5 | used to not have a games console.

3
Did / were you a use
f used to I Yes, |
5 played / o ;oil v", ,t. i" ."ir".t ii,*emoncards?' 'yes, I

play tennis? j did. used.'

I No, I tdidn't
7
wasn't.
Where did he I use
f used to With his
live?

e Wffi Rewrite four of the sentences using the

correct form of used to. Tick (/) the sentence that
can only be in the past simple.
I lived in London when lwasyoung.
I uspd lg lvp-in London when I wag youtg,
We moved to Madrid when I was six.7
1 Did you often visit your grandparents? l*_]

2 We went to France on holiday lastyear. I

3 My sister loved One Direction!ll

4 He didn't have many gadgets. j] 4 ffi Write sentences to compare you and your
family in the past and present.Use used to and the
present simple. Write three or four sentences for
5 Did you like going to the beach? f] each topic.
When lw1g,yot41iger,l usedto listan to music on an iPod.
Now lusg rily sm4rtphone or tablet.
1 Gadgets

Fads and fashions 9

 ? {W Match words 1-6 with definitions a-f. 4 ffiWWffi Listen again and choosethe correct
1 shorts a shoes for sport answers.
2 trainers b informaltrousers 1 Tina says there used to be of fashion when she
3 hat c shoes for winter was young.
4 jacket d very short trousers a more types
5 boots e a short coat b only a small number of types
6 jeans f to wear on your c only one type
head 2 Tina the style of clothes her brother and his
friends wore.
e trffiW Completethe words in thetext. a used to dislike
b used to live
hrc a rl'
F'rrorrr rlonado *rlleren[ ldea aDoul wnar c didn't use to care about
styles are coof and fashionable. Fashion 3 Tina says that punks used to wear trousers.
designel Alice McClaren says Lhis is especialiy true of a colourful
It b tight
c smart
4 Tina's parents . the clothes she wore.
a used to be unhappy about
didn't use to be interested in
b
c usedto love
5 At first, Dan fashion.
a wa nted to study
b didn't have money for
c wasn't into
6 Dan says his hip hop clothes used to be .

a easytofind
b very large
3 ffiffi W Listen to an interview with Dan c messy
and Tina about the clothes that were in fashion 7 Dan didn't use to verv often.
when they were young. Write the correct names.
to music
a listen
Tina 's brother influenced her style. b buy new trainers
1 . talks about the 1980s. c brush his hair
2 . .. talksaboutthe'1990s. 8 When Dan was young, he used to think fashion
3 says that the styles of the past are in w45. .

fashion again now. a very important

4 used to like how teenage fashions b funny
change very quickly. c expensive

Interview your parents about fashion when

they were young, or choose a period in the past. Write
four or five sentences about what people used to
wear.
My pargnts werIyouttg.inthe 1480s, Girls usgdtoweq:r
short s-kirts and co-loa:rful,baggy tops ..,

10 Fads and fashions

L.
Past contlnuous Past simple and past continuous

1 completethetable usingwas or were and 3 Complete the description using the past
the correct -ing form of the verbs in brackets. simple or past continuous form of the verbs in
brackets.
One of my favourite photos is of a barbecue that we
t/He/She/lt (listen) haa (have) on the beach last year. My sister
to music. . (take)the photo while I

(cook) the food. I remember the delicious smell

You /We /You /They (watch)
TV.
offood that 3
(be) in the air! In the
background of the photoyou can see myfriends.
They a (chat), the su n (go)
t/He/She/lt n't drinking water. down and the sky (get) dark. A few
You / We /You /They n't ' (do) minutes later. the food 7 . (be) ready and
the homework. we8 (eat) our dinner.
,w s l!dC.J- ?
she playing Yes, she was.
t;;;i;; No, she 8
n't.
9
they sleeping? ro
Yes, they
No, they weren't.

e ffi Write sentences and questions using the

past continuous.
Rashid / waitfor / his bus for twenty minutes
Rashid was wgititrg for his- hr,{s fqr twanly uitutss,
1 what /you 1 study /in class /7
4 W Answer the questions. Write complete
sentences that are true foryou.
2 lii;i /,"t rili"' /i" th"
';;; 1 Think of a photo you like. Who took it? What was
happening? What were the people wearing?
My favourife phqJo is froil a sthppl!fip.T-heteacher
3 he / eat / asandwich ? No/ he / not
nus9\!fr ,,.
!ooki:|,Wgyrgra -v_isiling a

4 we / play / computer games / all evening

What was your family doing when you arrived

5 youlwork?Yes/l
home yesterday? What happened next?

o *no l*,""1 tr n""lil I i

What were you wearing the last time you went
out with friends? Where were you going?

Fads and fashions 11

 1 ffiffi Read and listen to the timeline. 3 Match sentences 1-5 with photos A-E.
Choose the correct answer. 1 lt was very different from modern writing. D
The main purpose of the timeline is.... 2 lt made it quicker and easier to copy texts. ..

a to tell us the best ways to communicate 3 lt was the first technology for instant messaging.
b to explain the history of communication
c to give recent news about technology 4 lt became common with the internet.
5 lt lets you speak to people from a distance.

is language so important? Wet[, ifs part of what

m,!ke! us human! We are the onty species on Earth that
share our thoughts and ideas through [anguage.
And our history shows how we are always looking for
W,,wavs to communicate ...

rly human [anguage was a spoken form of

|t0.mmunication. Around 40,000 years ago, there were
rrtint',,balntings and then much later. around 5,500 years
,:'1t$o., peo pte started creati n g pi cture-writi n g syste m s, 4 $Xffiffi Answer the questions. Write complete
::!*ch as Egyptian hieroglyphs. The atphabets we use sentences.
,.,,.,:todaydeveloped after this, over thousands of years. Why does the writer say language is important?
Because only humans can sharpthQughts andade,as tht:ougl
Untit the 15th century, peop[e copied books by nano. language.
Obviousty, this was a very s[ow process. With the
invention of the printing press, atL of this changed.
1 How were early writing systems different?
In 7440, it became possible to copy books easity and
, quickly, and many more peopte learned to read.
2 Why didn't t'.r. ,f. io ;; ;;;t ;;;k;;
1;.;r.Sending personal messages was stit[ stow for a few
,.:'llhundle! Ve3ts. used.to take weeks for letters to
It_
tl;i1fitive; In the 1830s, electric tetegraph services started What effect did the printing press have on people?
illfli.,li:nort messages. By the earty 20th century, the
e,krhone made it possible to communicate spoken
1,1W0ids
over long distances. Emait, the internet and 4 How did the terepr'one l;;;;;;;;".i.rfi""i
:,r$obile phones became popular in the ].990s.

foday,'we communicate with people atl over the wortd

sing gadgets. We use text messages, video ca[[s and W;;;;pr. i"Jrvfind it difficult to imagine
communication in the oast?
l'lih.iiland picture apps [ike WhatsApp and Instagram. In
,ten,,.lage of easy, instant messaging, its hard to imagine

l.tl:ha*,6i16.un communication used to be.

5 ffiffi vocABUtARY PLUS Complete the

sentences with the words.

A ffiffiffireffiffi Read the timeline again. Choose the amazingly apparently generally obviously
correct words to describe each paragraph.
A why human communication isGci? / difficult / 1 lt isn't true for everyone, but . . . .

scientific teenagers use technology a lot.

B the slowest / earliest / best forms of 2 Th is new com puter is very fast a nd it looks great.
communication , it only costs f1791
C the beginning / end /cost of printing 3 In the past, we didn't have telephones, so
D inventions over the last ten / 100 / 2OOyears , communication was slower.
E electronics / life / communication today 4 | don't know what computers used to look like, but
they were big and heavy.
tZ Fads and fashions
1 ffiffiffiffiffi Choose the correct words.
Before the 196Athere didn't use to be mucn pop
music. StylesQrc$ f so as rock'n' roll changed this.
1 With groups*as / like The Beatles, more and more
teenagers started to like pop.
2 'Beatlemania' made fans do crazy things .For / By in1996 i,n-the++ineties like such
example, they threw clothes at the singers. this decade thosedays untilyears later
3 Normal life became difficult for the group. As /
For instance, fans followed them everywhere.
4 Public events, such as /than concerts, were
difficult because the fans screamed so loudly.
5 Now, Beatles'songs like / such'yesterday'and Tamagotchis
'Hey J ude' a re some of the most fa mous pop
When was it?
songs ofall time.
l:nlhanineties , people started
to buy electronic gadgets to
e ffiffiffiffiffi order the words to make sentences about play with instead of old-style
life in the nineties.
toys. During
clothes / used / such as / people f towear / they could buy gadgets
big T-shirts / baggy
' as pames
Pgpple..qs--e-dto waqr bagglX alot&es,, gueh as big T-shirts. consoles. one of these gadgets,
1 by artists / electronic / Moby / like / music / the Tan'lagotchi, oecarre a craze.
was popu:ar
what was it?
In{ ,gadgets5 mobile
2 for instance /to buy/ phones were exp€nsive. Apps didn't become
people / started / popular 5 . However, Tamagotchis
e ectron c gadgets / mob e phones
were cheap and fun for children. They were
'electronic pets'that you could carry around in
your pocket. users used to feed their pet and
3 easyJet / became f for example / cheaper / play games with it. They needed to look after
flv ns /with n"*':'l:n"s
their pet well to keep it alivel
I

Where is it now? ,
:
li,
lli
tii
4 started / in online chatrooms / people /talking / Amazingly, tamagotchis are back! you can buy ::gi
:i&
AOL Instant Messenger f such as one online or in shops today. However, most .:f,
children prefer apps or computer games these $
rlF
days. :*Si
Itr
,,S'

Fads and fashions 13

 \/0CABULARY Fopular interests IAruGUAGE FOCIJS ased to
1 complete the crossword. 3 Complete the sentences using the correct form of
used to and the verb in brackets.
1 She . (not like) hiP hoP
music. but she loves it now.
2. ....... . .. .. (your brother / watch)
a lot of cartoons?
3 They (So) to the cinema
often. Now, they watch films online.
4| .. (take) that bus, but I

don't any more.

5 He... (not have) a laptop,
but he bought one last year.
1 How many does that video have? 6 Whattime (eat)dinner
2 We use electronic such as tablets. when you were younger?
3 It's only a short . People willforget
about it soon. I can talk about past habits and states.
4 . . a comment on my blog.
,, Y EVALUATION *$ t*' .:" "q:
5 It's a new smartphone
6 Let's play on my games
7 I'm on Twitter, but I don't very often.
VOCABULARY AND LISTENING FAShiON

I can talk about popular interests, activities and

4 W Listentelling her friend Ethan about
to Lena
their trip to ltaly. Which clothes did Lena and her
family bring from England and which ones did they
MY EVAruAiloN ts ffi {* w buy in ltaly? Write E for England or lfor ltaly.
baggy hoodie
black boots
READING €razes black trousers
Z, Choose the correct words. colourful hat
1 Jack is in a basketball team. They generally / ... . jeans
patterned jacket
obviously play about once a week.
plain white blouse
2 lt generally / amazingly takes more time to get
shorts
from London to Rome by car than by plane.
short-sleeved tops
3 Obviously I Amazingly,some people spend over
SUmmer oresses
two hours on social media every day.
tight skirt
4 | thought this app was free, but apparently / ....

.. trainers
amazingly I have to pay f3 for it.
I can give and understand descriptions of people's
I can talk about how lspend mytime.

,.''' MyEVALUATToN ffi##W MY EVALIATIoN # ffi #' $#

t4 Fads and fashions

 WRlTlNc A fact file
simple and past continuous
7 choose the iorrect words.
5 Choose the correct answers.
'ir{|1lii!l*ii$i,s$ggi,**ili$&:fiii!&i*ti*{&l{ttil:i,:,,,.,i,tr$.
Japanese inventor SatoshiTajiri 1 . .. . pokdmon, or :'
Fact file: ptared trousers i&
pocket monsters, in 1995. Bylggg,children
The beginnings
their parentsfor Pokdmon games all over the world, American sailors were the first to wear
and the Pokdmon company3 thousands of flared trousers in the 19th centurv.
games every day! Many crazes stop being popular . days, trousers wiih a wide

quite quickly, but this with pokdmon. When leg below the knee were practical for
the company t . its tenth anniversary, millions many reasons. 1 .

of people 6.. . Pokdmon computer games, caros easy to roll up when cleaning the ship or
to take off when they got wet.
and toys. foday, it is one of the most successful
game companies in the world. Craze of the 196Os and 197Os
when flared trousers
1a used to create 4a didn't happen became popular. Many singers, such
b created b wasn't happening 1 Sonny and Cher, wore
c was creating c doesn't happen them.1 that time, young
2 a were asking 5 a was celebrating people made their own flared trousers
b asked because shops weren't selling them. 6
b used to celebrate seventies, you could buy them in almost every shop.
c asking c celebrated Hardly anyone chose a different sUle of trousers during
3 a sold 6 a still buying this 7

b was selling b were still buying A comeback

c used to sell c still bought There were a ferv tinres wtren flared trousers came back,
thrqghotrt fle 199Os and in 2015. Although
I can talk about what people were doing in the pasl hshion designers, e Balmain and Gucci.
presented them durirg fashion shotns, they didn't become as
pogrlar as in the 't970s.

SPEAKING Expressing preferences la In these b In those c On these

2a Such as
b Like c For example
Complete the conversation with the words. There
3a The sixties was the decade b In the sixties
are two extra words.
c These days
cool expensive it shirt style suits them try
4a like bof cas
5a At bWhen cFor
Molly Hey, Hannah. What are you up to? 6a On bln cAt
Hannah Oh, hi, Molly. l'm looking for some jeans. 7a decade btimes cdays
Molly Did you find anything? 8a example b such c for instance
Hannah Not really. There are some nice clothes in 9a such blike cinstance
here, but they're
Molly Mmm, you're right. Look - that's a really I can usefor example,for instance,like and such to give
jacket. mples to support facts.
Hannah v.rf,r, ii
3
f really good. Why don't you
""tl it on? ,iAY rVAL{JATION i* ** # 6]
Molly lt isn't really my a
Hannah lthink it really 5 .
nor.Co on,
try' . ...on!
I can comment on people's clothes.

,,i',,, MV FVALUA?lCIN it:*si{*

l
Fads and fashions 15
 'ffi
.qhffi ffi w ffi

TW Complete the table with the words. 3 W --\.Choose the correct words.
Don't(ouc$ that pan. lt's hot!
/feel lsound
feel hearing hold listen to look at
see sight smell (x2) +aste-(xZ) touch (x2) 1 He cii'fsing well. He has got colour-blindness /
tone-deafness / a'good ear'.
2 To be a good cook, you need a strong sense of
touch/smell/sight.
3 | need to listen / ask /watch my mum for help
with my homework.
4 There's a lot of salt in this soup. lt feels / looks /
tastes terriblel
5 Listen to the sight /sound / hearing of the birds
singing.
6 lt's very cold. l'm losing sensation / touch / smell
in mytoes.
7 lt's noisy outside. You can hear / listen / sound
cars and people in the street.
8 See / Watch / Look at our holiday photos.

7, ffin Complete the caf6 review with the words. & Wnnswer the questions. Write complete
sentences that are true for you.
asked feels hear listen looks see
Which tastes are typical of the traditional food in
senses tas+eg
your region?
Sweettruit cakgs, saltyse_afo_ada:ndf.rpshwatpf afe . .

lastes from Wales.

1 Think of a normal day. How and when would
colour-blindness be a oroblem?

n," yo,t;;;;;i;; ;;;il ;;i, ,8;;; ;,,i ii,

music? Explain your answer.

Which sounds and smells remind you of

a your childhood?

What makes a caf6 an exciting place t0 visit? We asked b summertime?

caf6 manager Richard Moore. '0ur food
testgs
great when you eat it, but it's imporlant that the caf6

People use all of their

attractive, too.
2 when they eat
wt o in yorlrrriiv;; t;; i;;k rik" ;;; ;;;t
3
out,' he says.'They the paintings on the
walls and 4 the music we're playing long
before they eat our food. We I an aftist to
choose the pictures and the furniture, and a local DJ to
recommend the right music for people to . q . .

to while they eat.'

I The results are great! Richard's caf61.. il
i:r,:rr,exciting
i:,;;;;lil*luio;xir*i!!rri,!!r*!ii,;i;ireel***ra
visit.
and different. I really enjoyed my il
... . .......l'

15 Sensations
I
Present perfect: affirmative and negative 3 Write sentences using the present perfect.
Choose the correct words to complete she / not taste Indian food
the table. -Shg ha*,rit testsd.lndian food.
1 Lucy / buy a new perfume

| /You /We / twritten / wrote an 2 we / not listen to rap music

You /They email.
HelShe/lt 2
has / have 'seen / saw that film. I Vo, I .rt , r"i l, r.
"r
| /You /We / a
hasn't / haven't 5ate
/ eaten sushi.
+ t f i:,e,rir,'rii"nl flr"*
You / They
He/She/lt 5
hasn't / haven't Tcome
/ came home.
5 Henry / not watch the film

She t has
o iiiyl;;t;;; irre painting
f hasn't never played that game.
We e have / haven't ever heard that song.

for and since

Z Correct the words.
4 W Choose the correct answers.
My friend Melissa has recently d*d dong ..
That school has been there for
a cookery course with her sister, and they
thas learned @fortyyears b 1975 c lwas born
. how to 1 l've loved pasta since I a child.
make different Spanish tapas. Melissa 2has want
to do this for ages. She
a was b have been c am
2 We've been in this flat six months.
says it's one of the best things she 3has never done
. I'm very excited to try the new dishes
a since b from c for
she4made .. 3 a chefforfiveyears.
!
a He's being b He's c He's been
I think Melissa is feeling nervous, because she 4 Kemal has had no sense of smell for .
snever cooked
a ages b she was born c last year
for her friends before. We5not tasted 5 We haven't visited our grandparents since
some of the taoas dishes
before, but I'm sure thev'll be deliciousl a lasiyea, b six months c a longtime

5 eff,| Write one or two sentences about these

things. Usefor or since and the present perfect.
where you live
ll,tS {Ned in lstalbul Si[ ee l wls f-o-qr.
Vle'vp hved in pgr n"e-w ho-use fgr a year.
t hobbies you r brother, sister or friend has

your parents jobs

things you and your friends haven't done for a

while

places you haven't been to for a while

Sensations L7
 1 Wwhich word is the odd one out?
sad m isera ble
1 tasty furious angry
2 nice scary wonderful
3 awful bad sad
4 tired terrifying exhausted
5 interesting fascinating disgusting

7, Complete the blog post with the words.

affiazing delicious disgusting exhausted

fascinating miserable
4 ffiWW OW Listen to the interview and write
the answers to the questions in exercise 3.

Job : lravel blo_gger

1.
2
3
4
5.
6

3 You are goingto listen to an interview.

Read the sentences and choose the correct type of
answeryou should be listening for.
q Write about an interesting place you have
Anna is a . . . who writes about places. visited. Use extreme adjectives.
(@/ veru llvg visited th e Caue g.f El Castillq ![ Spain...l! hal- amazing.
l-Anna saw grey whales in in gaYg P4in:tings that afe.oler 40,0-00 ygars old. ltle, dafk
California. adjective / place ins-idethp oave and mV ypUnger brot.h.e-r lhpught it
2 Around greywhales makethe wastprfifiingi
journey everyyear. number f name
3 The grey whales travel . . .kilometres,
from Alaska to Mexico. number / place
Anna . awhale-watchingcruise.
adjective /verb
5 You can see the grey whales for
everyyear. place /time period
6 Anna was with herself that she
didn't take any photos. adjective / name

18 Sensations
I
Present perfect! questions Present perfect and past simple
1 ffiW Complete the table with the words.
3 ffi Correct the words.
been ever finished has hasn't have Eir*you ever ridden an elephant? llave .

haven't he made vou 1 She's never ate Creek food.

2 Katy gone to the beach.
3 l've left my phone at home yesterday.
Have / Has Subject Past participle
Ilave l/' /we/ 2 to the USA? 4 We didn't see Max since last year. . .

you / they a mistake? 5 'Have yo u li ke t he s h ow?' 'Yes !'

/ she /it 6)
''A ffi Complete the mini-dialogues with the
present perfect or past simple form of the verbs
/ Has she 7
in brackets.
A llaueyoueverbeen (you / go) to Brazil?
Yes,Ihave./No,|8 B Yes, I have . I want (go) there two
Yes, she has. / No, she e years ago.
1A We (never see) a wild tiger.
?" Complete the online chat using the correct B| !l (see)onelast
present perfect form ofthe verbs. year in India.
2A | (enjoylthatfllmyesterday.
celebrate do finish get go happen B | (not). | (read) the
h€ve pass book last year and it rvas better.
3 A rhe ' telilvou the news?
B Yes. .He (talk)to me
last night.
4A (they / ever f try) sushi?
Hi, Charliel How are you? B No, (not). They hate fish.
, .i
l'.lll
, ,r Hi, Danielll 'vehad agreardaytoday! J 5 gt$| Write questions using the present perfect
or past simple. Then write answers that are true for
d-:ul::- |'
you.
fiYr'tllWhatl ----?
,,,,,
you /ever / go / abroadT
i W"tt, it was our last day at school. Ilatteyou evor been ab' oad?
t Your school for Yes, I haup. l':re be-e-n to ltaly andPoland.
1
summer yet? 1 your parents f ever / live / in a different town ?

2 you / go / on holiday / last summer ?

you your exam

results?
3 you / eat /tasty meal / in the lastweek ?

4 you / read /good books / recently ?

Well donet$$8 you

with your family?

Sensations 19
 X {il$iffiffi& ffiffiffi!Read
and listen to the article. Match ffi-Wffi Look at the ideas from the article. Are they
ideas 1-5 with paragraphs A-E. extra details (D) or examples (E)?

1 famous people who are colour-blind & Around 8% of men are colour-blind. D
2 difficulties the condition causes at school 1 Colour-'blindness' isn't a good description.
3 what colour-blindness means 2 Colour-blind people might drive through red
4 difficulties the condition causes in daily life lights, thinking they're green.
5 when most people become colour-blind 3 Countries on maDS can be difficult to see.
1$tl
4 Some teachers help colour-blind students.
jt,
t{l:
"'€
$;Kffiffiffi Read the article again. Write true or false.
:ill
Mark Zuckerberg is colour-blind. lfvtl
{iil
1 Not everyone knows they're colour-blind
lh 2 The condition is more common in men.
s
s
3 No one sees only in black and white.
r#
4 All people who are colour-blind see the same
& coto u rs.

tfr
rry: 4 Answer the questions. Write complete
tf,
::..:a.:
sentences.
When does colour-blindness usually start?
Most people areborn with colouf:blindftsss.
1 Why can it take a long time for people to realize
they are colour-blind?

which colours do rosi f.opr. *iir'ir.r. fonJition

have problems seeing?

wr.rlJ.t schoolsubjects dov", ir'rir|< ri,J"ntt

with the condition have problems in?

How have things improved for some schoo

students with the condition?

ffiffi,mvocABUtARY PLUS choose the correct

words.
Cats use odour /eg3y flavour to find food.
1 This is my favourite odour / texture / perfume.
2 Pick an ice cream fragrance / texture / flavour.
3 There's a terrible odour / texture f fragrance
coming from the fridge. ls it the milk?
I love the texture f fragrance / flavour of spring
flowers.
The shirt's perfume / texture / flavour is soft.

20 Sensations
Language point: I ntensift ers
1 ffi Complete the table with the adjectives advert and complete the
below. with the words.
amazing loud sad terrible wonderful

ffie#
bad
good
amazihqr
.w@lt1

Tell us about the one place you most want to

visit, and the activities you'd like to do there.
d isgusting
Write about the sights, sounds and experiences
miserable it has to offer visitors.
3
qS S \e ! . r.
4

The best entry will appear on our LoveTravel

website, and win a e 1,500 camera!

? ffiffi complete the rules with extreme or

normal.
don't forget is absolutely
is quite a / an looking forward to
We use the intensifiers absolutely and really with eneeft#emes+ su rprisingly
.adjectives.
We use the intensifier very with 2 The biggest party in the world!
adjectives.
Ihe place I most want to go to is Rio, in Brazil, for the

3 ffiffiffi Choose the correct words. There may be Mardi Gras festival. lt's one of the raost excitinq
street carnivals in the world.
more than one answer.
The music at the festival is(er)7 absolutety toud. Mardi Grasl enormous, with five million
peopre.
1 The beaches in this area a7e very / really pretty.
2 The food is very /absolutely disgusting! The festival is nearly 300 years old, but , the
3 | felt very miserable / sad when we left. famous samba dance has only been part of the celebration
4 The tickets are really / absolutely cheap. for '100 years. The festival parade amazing
5 These sights are absolutely good / amazing. sight.
6 Our journey was really / absolutely awful. 0n the day, a to take lots of water, as
7 lreland is very / amazingbeautiful. February is the hottest time of year in Brazil. I'm going
6 The water-slide was very / really terrifying. next yeal and I'm really s
being part of the
world's biggest party!

e phrases on this page.

Se'nsatisns 2L
 r & I could do this better. I can do this very well.

VOCABULARY Senses LANGIJACE FOCUS Fresent perfeett

1 Complete the words.

affirmative and negative;for and sfnce
1 Tone-d makes it difficult to PlaY a 3 Complete the sentences using the correct present
m usical instru ment well. perfect form of the verbs and for or since.
2 We can'tt . . . .the obiects in the 1 They . (not eat) ice cream
museum. . last summer.
3 Beethoven lost his h .
when he was 2' (she / have) problems with her
thirty, and was deaf for the rest of his life. hearing t;ns.
4 You need to have near-perfect s . .. tobe
.
'Yes, she ..

an airline pilot. 3He . (be)colour-blind ... he

5 We lost s in our toes when we were was Dorn.
walking in the snow. 4 t........ (take)this bus every day
6 Can you t .. the sugar in yourtea? . six months.
5We (not see) our cousins
I can ask and answer questions related to the senses. .....49es.
MY EVAruAfloN
'i$
r;:,# # I can talk about experiences that started in the past.
:,,,,' MY EVAtUATlOhl *i si,;i's
READING The importance of smell
2 Choose the correct words.
VOCABUI"ARY AND LISTENINC Sensations
1 What's your favourite chewing gum flavour / and experiences
fragrance? | love mint and strawberry.
2 This cake has a creamy texture / scent. 4 W Listen to a radio programme about people's
3 When we walked into the gym, we noticed a experiences at birthday parties. Match Grace's and
strong flavour / odour of sweat. James's experiences 1-10 to adjectives a-j.
4 Mia ooened the window and the texture / scent
GRACE:
of garden flowers filled the room.
1 the birthday party a delicious
5 | got my first scent / perfume as a birthday
2 the place b disgusting
present from my parents.
3 the girls looked c wonderful
6 | love the odour lfragrance of spices in the
4 the food d exhausted
kitchen.
5 the cupcakes e amazing
I can identify the main idea in a paragraph.
JAMES: f awful
6 the birthday party g nice
| .,;,' MY EVALUATIoN *:* S #) W 7 waiting in a queue h terrifying
8 the rides weren't i furious
9 the cinema tickets j miserable
10 the popcorn .....
I can use prediction skills when listening for specific

22 Sensations
 TANGUAGE FOCUS Present perfect: WRITING A competition entry
questionsi pre$ent perfect and past sinlple 7 Read the advert and complete the text with the
5 Complete the dialogues with the present perfect or words.
past simple form of the verbs in brackets.
absolutelv one of the most quite an
Ruth lla&ygugverb-fakgn.(you / ever f break) really delicious to seeing to stop very visiti
something rea I ly expensive?
Oscar Yes,|l lt2. (be)
three or four years ago. | 3

(drop) my dad's laptop. He 1

. (not let) me use his tablet or Write about the sights, smells and feelings you
smartphone since it 5 can experience there. Encourage others to visit
(ha ppen) ! this place. The winner will receive f,500 and their
-." entry will be published in vtstTBritain magazrne.
Alex (you / ever f -l-\
meet) a celebrity?
Sara No, |7 . .., but my uncle
. .. He . . (go)to St Nicholas Market
school with Keira Knightley, the actress.
My favourite place in Bristol is St Nicholas Market. lt's
But she (not be)famous
amazing markets in Britain, and you
then, of course. They (be)
11

can almost feel its long history. lt's definitely worth

only sixyears old!
. When you enter, you see hundreds of
Alex (he /see) her
since she t3
(become)famous? colourful products, from vintage clothes and jewellery to
No, he t1.....
3
Sara local arts and crafts. You can smell street
food like Indian curry or Algerian falafel. I love walking
I can ask people about their experiences. between the stalls, watching people and seeing what they

.ll.l:tt i*lY EVALUATION ,: :,;.' buy. lt's a

exoerience. But what makes this
place really special is an 5
wonderful glass
roof over the stalls.

SPEAK|ru6 Planning free time

6 Choose the correct words.
Hey, Dan. Have you seen this horror film, good coffee in your hand. We're looking forward
Zombies AttackT
Dan l've never seen a horror film.
Zach You've never seen a horror film? Seriously?
I think you
t'll / are / have enjoy this. l've
?hear
/hearing /heard it's good.
Dan lt doesn't sound much 3great /fun /
interesting to me. I don't like scary films.
Can we have dinner first?
OK. What do you awant / fancy / try
eating?
Why not 5try / want / fancy something
I can use intensifiers to add interest to my writing.
different? What about some Indian food?
Zach 6Can't
/W'il /Are we have pizza? l've .,,,..'.' My EVArup{TtoN {*} i* i*i ffi
never had lndian food.
Reallv? lt's delicious.

I can discuss ideas about how to spend free time.

. MY avAtuArloN ls: i;i {i s;

Sensations 23
L
 X &ffiffiffi Labelthe pictures with the words. 3 ffiffiffi Cross out the incorrect word.
desert dunes falls mountain rocks sea

-F=#Fe
Are you fit enough to compete
in this adventure challenge?
The five-day event will attract
some of the world's best
athletes! Racing on land and
in water, competitors will ...
* swim across lakes / beaehes /
rivers
* cycle through an enormous
tvolcano / valley / rainforest
e climb 2 cliffs / the ocean / a rock
s run over sandy3waves / deserts /
dunes
* swim five kilometres out in
4
the sea / the ocean / a mountain
* kayak around 5falls / a desert /
a lake

X f,KW Complete the words in the text.

4 ffiffi Answer the questions. Give reasons for
your answers.
Wh ich natu ra I featu res do you th in k ... ?
Cliffs form where the lond ends high obove the 1 are the most beautiful
ilwoter. In Arctic regions they ore mode of ice, Ithitk lakes a nd riuars are thg.wo,st baaultf ul bagausa
hove soli woter in the calrfr"blue water is re)ayimg.
ineorly 70% of the Eorth. 2S .

lsolty, but they ore smoller. Usuoll

oround most of their oreo.
?,:D. ore hills mode of
2 are the most dangerous
usuolly forms them behind sondy
by the seo, or in 5d
;lin1',Sorne ploces, woter from r
6

over rock. Over millions of yeors, it cuts thre

owoy. This con result in lorge 7v 3 a re the best to visit
crs the,-H,ud,son,:in,ihe,,USA. rr:Undergroun:d;
wqter: olt6.::ie 8c ...

4 ;;;;ih" int.i.liing *irJrii.

covers o gop in the surf<
'ort
lovq con Lome out of th

24 Adventure
-L.
I W Complete the table with the words. 3 ffi Choose the correct words to complete
Amber's message.
been has hasn't have haven't
we working Annbe r !cly r\Ji .r'
Last a{ti\re: /a L-^",-- -^^
rrijul) dvu

Affirmative
t/You/ We /
You / They sleeping.
He/She/lt 2

Negative
| /You /We / been trekking holi
exhausted. We
You / They hours every day th
He/She/lt hasn't the longest trek 1 . six hours!
|5 . a really nice girl here.
Questions and short answers
She's Portuguese, and she 7.......,....'.:,,..
Have they been listening? Yes, they have. any English before, so we've
Has she been reading? No, she in Spanish! lt's difficult
sometimes, but it's fun!
Speak to you soon!
e ffi Write sentences using the present perfect
continuous. iA:ij o
Ihey / learn / how to surf
hey' vp.hIg fr |earni:ng how to surf , c done
T a been @ been doing
1 Dan / play his guitar all day 1a sending b been sending c sent
2a been b been being c was being
3a 've been b 've c Deen
z we l""i riray f"r ;;; 4a Sone b been gone c been going
5a been b has been c been being
6a 've met b meeting c 've been
3 Hannah / learn Japanese for a year meeting
7a not been hasn't learned c has been not
lea rning lea rning
4 w;;;; lir'"y ri"" / i 8 a talked b been talked c been talking

4 Sffi lmagineyou are upset with your brother

5 Ceorge / not sleep well recently or sister. Write six things you're unhappy about. Use
the present perfect simple and continuous with the
ideas below, or your own ideas.
6 you /have swimming lessons / 7
borrow my laptop break my tablet
do homework eat my chocolate
Y;;li listen to me play music wear my clothes

the's bee! playi:ngher nqsir, f oa:lly lpudly,

Adventure 25
 t W Labelthe pictures with the correct pair of 3W AW Listen to a television presenter
words. talking to an adventure travel expert and choose
the correct answers.
across I along around / through into / out of What is the main purpose of the interview?
onto/ off over f under t*ffi€iil*n a to advertise adventure holidays
b to hear adventure travel stories
c to find out more information about adventure
travel
What is the main subject that they talk about?
a the cost of adventure travel
b the activities which are the most popular
c the different types of people going on
adventure holidays

4 W Listen again and write true or false.

1 The interviewer is at a travel agency.
2 More women than men go on adventure holidays
now. .

Today, a typical adventure traveller is aged *

twenty-seven.
4 These days, more men travel alone.
5 More older people enjoy skiing holidays.
A B .. dl!!f;
1A B 6 Adventure holidays today offer more things to do
2A B than in the oast.
3A B Cruise ships that go to adventure destinations
4A B are popular with famiIies.
5A B
5 lmagine you are chatting to a travel
2 W Complete Helen's email with the correct agency online to organize an adventure holiday for
form of the verbs. you and some friends. Answer the agent's questions
with your own ideas.
climb cycle dive hike jump kayak
oarachute sail surf swim So, have you ever been on an adventure holiday
before?
YOU

I Y.Bs, I havz, I .w9trl kuaking last :reer,

Hi Chris,

Have you had a good summer? l'm on an adventure holiday with my

sisters! Today, they've done a water challenge. First, they dived off
they
a rock into a big river. Later, over falls in
one-person boats. Then they 2 around a lake in a
big boat. They ended the day by t in a river, under
three bridges. Tomorrow, they're going to 4 . .. .. on the
waves in the sea.

As for me, my adventure had an epic start when we 5

. .. .

out of a small aeroplane. and then 5

ground,Yesterday, wewalked a lot. First,weT.
across a big valley. Then we
.. . .... down to the
........
up a mountain and
ffi
down it on mountain bikes, lt was cool!

See you next week at school! sk*ru I

Helen That's great. Have you decided how much you want
to spend? i

26 Adventure
Present perfect simple + just Present perfect simple + stillryet and olready
t ffiW Order the words to make sentences and 3 W Correct the words.
questions.
Wehaven'ttriedscuba-divingsti{+. yp!.
have /just / set / on / travels / then / off / they 1 Joe has still seen the film. He didn't like it.
Thgy hatto just sat off, qn tft eir t_VA:tqlS,
1 record / she /beaten /her /has /just /7 , t;; t;i r,r"""'t washed the car!
3 Haveyou planned ourtrip already?
2 just/Natalie / have / | /thelseen I shops / at 4 Sorry, I already haven't finished.
5 Has she yet told you the news?
3 rugby /we /just / match /have / played /a
4 completethetext message with still,yet
4 they / finished / concert / the / have / just / ? and already.

s ;;; / ;;' t :r,'i t,i,ip"tifi"' I* ni /ti:'i I i Hi everyone,

Sorry that I stiil havent suggested,'iny
5 climbed lhas /Robin / mountain / a/ up /just activities for our family holiday. First, I need to know how
much money we can spend, but I haven't heard fiiiirn:',',: .l.r

Grandma or Grandad I .lemailed them

Z ffi" What has just happened in the photos? last week and they 2 haven't replied. Mum
Complete the sentences usingTust and the present and Dad have 3 paid for the hotel, but i

perfect simple form of the verbs. Use short forms. most of us a need to get our bus tickets.
I know UncleTom and Aunt Susie i"rave
bought theirs- l'r'r"r not sure wtraf rae're going to do in the
evenlngs 6 . Welt probabry want to relax

Speak soon,
Jesska

5 gdf| Answer the questions with your own ideas.

Use the present perfect simple and just, still, yet and
already.
What have you done today?
llve already..fif ishad Sg,hqo! and f lvz jqsJ d:on9 my
n e_wpf k, b_ut. l. h avgn' dinri ey y e;t,
h a
-t ed h

1 Have you already decided what careeryou want in

the future?

2 Have you helped your parents at home recently?

break cook eat open pass wi.t+ 3 What ambitions haven't you achieved yet?

He'sjus.twoll AraQe,
1We
2He 4 What adventure sports have you tried?
3 He.
4 She.
5 They

Adventure ?7
 , I

\
X $fffiWffi$ W,ffiffi Read and listen to the blog. choose X fi;ffiJffitr$i Read the blog again and answer the
the correct answer. questions.
The blop oost is about... .
1 Where would you find the blog?
a two visits to different exciting places
b two visits to the same place at different times Z Wno is it for?
c two different adventure travel activities
3 What is the main purpose of the iy rati,ng

Only for the brove! review?

Posted by Poul | 3].08.20]0

l've iusl come bock from one of the most terrifying
experiences of my life: lhe Cominilo del Rey. You wouldn'l
$,i$$::ilffiffi$ Read the blog again and write true or false.
believe how scory il is, but l've wolked up it ond fell very
ofroid! The Cominito del Rey is neor Mologo in Spoin. The The Caminito is a very high path. true
nome meons'lhe king's liltle polh', ollhough for yeors, people 1 The old path wasn't as dangerous as it sounded
hove been colling it'the most dongerous poth in the world'. in the stories.
Now l've seen il, I understond why! 2 Workers used the path to reach the Chorro and
The Cominito is q one-metre-wide poth, 100 metres up o Caitanejo Falls in 2010.
cliff, obove the beouliful Guodolhorce River ond Hoyo Volley. 3 You can see beautiful natural features from the
.|00
It's more thon yeors old. Workers used to use it lo get oath.
from lhe Chorro Folls to the Goiloneio Folls. Over lhe yeors, 4 More tourists use the new oath.
holes hove formed olong lhe poth ond some ports of it ore
completely missing. You obviously need to be extremely write com plete
iffi:ffi;ffiilfi$i Answer th e q uestions.
coreful lhere.
sentences.
Irecommend this polh lo people who love epic chollenges.
Why was the Caminito so dangerous?
The views ore omozing, but there hove been some serious
Sseauea tlxs qld prth was na:rrow, Nigft ahd brsksfio
occidenls here. So il's definitely not for people who hoven'l
climbed rocks before! 1 Who does the writer recommend the Caminito
path to?
My rofing
Excitemeni I /10
iW::iillir:l:: 2 why does he p"rt;; ;;J;i";
Noturol feotures 8/.l0
w i],:]i:]:]:::]r:
How does the writer's opinion change from his
first visit to his second?
Uodole 06.09.20]5
l've been visiling Spoin this week ond I returned to lhe
Cominito yeslerdoy. Guess whot? They've reploced the old
4 what can you try rfori il ; ;";;;i;;;ii;;
writer from the posts?
polh! The new polh is mode of wood ond is very sofe. I heor
they've been working on il for four yeors, ond hove spent
neorly €10 millionl This hos oltrocted more visitors lo the cliff,
but for me, the reol thrill of the dongerous iourney hos gone.
iffiffi-ffiffi vocABUtARy pLUs complete the
sentences with the words.

carry on leave behind set off, stop off

1 When do you on your trip?

2 Doyou need to stop, or can you ?

3 On the way home, we'll at the

SNODS.
It's hard to . your family and friends.

28 Adventure
L
[anguage pointl Relative clauses
1 ffi Match 1-6 with a-f. Read and comrplete,rthe::rfAQ,lpage with
1 That school is the a which I wear for hiking. a-f.
place b where he learned to .d.,,,wh.ere';rou. can
2 Clara is the friend surf. iq,.,,whiCh 'i,nvdve
3 Skiing is a sport c who organize the f .,'',,'w'h,o,.rdo:it,h,il, i

4 That's the beach music club.

5 These are the d which I've nevertried.
boots e wnere my
5 They are the grandparents studied.
peopre f who goes rock
climbing with me. What is rroluntourism?
It's an adventurous type of
Z ffi Order the words to make sentences. travel c popular recently.
Voluntourists take trips t
is / very / becoming / which / scuba-diving / traditional sightseeingl and
popular /is/asport voluntary work on a project
$qqlaldiving is 6 sport which is bacomlng vzry popular-"
abroad.

What types of work can

you do?
I There's a wide variety of projects all across the world,
from teaching in schools to building houses or looking
after animals. lt's easy to find a project' you.

How longi is it for?

\bu can choose how long to spend *'orking and
travelling. Most of the peoplesspend one to
three months abroad in total- Many students find it's
best to uolunteer in the summer holidavs. when thev've
got more time.
takes / is / your / who f over there / money /
the person Where can | find out more?
Check out online voluntourism websites to find out the
latest projects a try and the different places
plan /this / can / where / a website /
adventure trips / you /
:t s:ij :.fE write a FAQ page about one of these
adventure traveltrends or choose your own.
where / the / that's /year I |/ hostel / Research the trend and find out,,Whdt,.it involves, or
volunteered /last

couch-surfing glamping going on safari

the player / Jay / is / scored / has /the / who / the Clobal Creeter Network
most
tr.. :;

I information about the trend, such as:

r I trvrti'e / heie':s I us; I il; prlar. / whiih /
go /to
 VOCABULARY Natural features mruGUAGU FOCUS Fresent perfe€t simple
tr nnatch the words with the definitions. and present perfect eontimuCIus

desert falls lake mountain ocean vallev

3 Complete the sentences using the present perfect
simple or continuous form of the verbs.
where river water runs over the edge of a cliff 1 He...... a bungee jump. (never / do)
2 We ... for long. We started a week ago.
2 a place with very little rain (not learn)
3 taller and larger than a hill ... .
3 They . to su rf. (a lways / wa nt)
4 low land, with hills around it .. .
4 How many times . . to England? (you /
5 a large area of fresh water which doesn't move go)
5 t. all morning, and my homework
an extremely large area of salty water still isn't finished. (work)
6 She for a month now. Sfre'll be
home next week. (travel)
I can express my preferences about places and
t can talk about actions which have been in progress.
:
lilli.::r:li:.
,,,i;.1;11;l MY EVATUATION 'i-1.' 'l'qg1i
i $?1
nAY EVALUAfl0N {,;'*'l#} #

VO€ABUI"ARY A[tD LlSTENlruG Extrerne

REA[)|NG An epic adventune
adventures
7" Complete the words.
1 We're planningto s__o__on Sunday morning.
4 W Listen to Oscar telling Lily about John
Goddard. Which of the things below did John
There's little traffic at this time.
Goddard do, and which are Lily's plans? Write J for
2 s*__o__atthe next petrol station?
Canyou
John Goddard or L for Lily.
want to buy something to drink.
I
3 The students were talking, so the teacher climb up the world's highest mountains
decided not to o _ until everyone was cycle around Australia
qu iet. dive offcliffs in Hawaii
4 When we moved out of Brighton, I had to | _ _ _ hike across the Crand Canyon
jump out of a plane with a parachute
_ b _____ all my school friends, kayak down the longest rivers
5 My grandparents used to s _ _ _ w_ _ _ us when
my parents went on business trips. learn three foreign languages
sail around the world
I can identify an author's audience and intentions.

,,1,,
' My rvAruATroN S t* {# i# I can give my opinion on adventure activities and
activities I have done.
MV EVALTTA-rIoN {I it} i} i-}t

30 Adventure
 FOCUS Present perfect simple +
E WRITINC An FAQ page
still, yet and already 7 Complete the FAQ page with the phrases. There are
Rewrite the sentences using one of the words in two extra phrases.
brackets.
'f become popular check out
everyone who
We have bought the tickets to Australia .(yet / involves playing it's best to
learning to
just) to learn where is
where you which protects

2 r ;;;; inuii.J rin.' i" ;t;;'-iy I,iirr/,i,",lvl

I nnr- r'rrlr'iii"ifr.,.J r'ir rr"r.*"rt lliirr/rir.rlvf
We have talked about this problem. (already /yet)

I haven'tfound my phone. (already/yet)

H;;; t;r'.prir.a v"r' fin.r i'i'rr l v"il

hEtlw?r
It's a type of water sport which has
I can talk about what I have and haven't done.
....,,. In underwater hockey, like in

SPEAKING Hxchamging news

Choose the correct words.
Joe Hi, Emily. I haven'tl you for help you breathe. You also nee
ages. What have you been 2
,p".Lt hat 3 your head a,.i ,

to? player has also got a short stick to move

Emily just got back from one of those
l've
adventure centres with my school.
Joe Was it good? Underwater hockey is for a
Emily lt was amazing.l've done a lot over the It's easy s ; but to be good, you must be
last few days - kayaking, climbing, even strong, fast and able to hold your breath for a long
abseiling. What about you? Have you been
time! When you're learning, . . treat it as
anything special?
Not really. I've been at home, studying. a fun activity.
We've got exams a WCCK. O Where can lfind out more?
Emily Oh. Well, . luck with that. our'Find a team' page to see if there
Joe Thanks, Emily. lt .good to see
are any local clubs I can Jorn In.
you again.
1a seen b saw c see
2a on b down c up I can use relative clauses to describe a sport or
3a done b doing c did re activity.
4a all b a bit c some
5a much b good c grear ikrY E\lAru,&Tr0{\r '*illiil i;.; l;it
6a been b has c was

I can request and respond to personal news.

.: :....
,,, ,,,r:,,,,,,,,,, fVlY EVAIIJATION iid
"*';l:{*}
Adventure 31
 w

ffi

ffiW Find eight more verbs in the 3 ffire Complete the sentences with the correct forms of
wordsearch. the pairs of verbs.
L q U N o U I o .D afford / provide +ncrease-feroeuee
N A S H N W E D N power / develop throw away / recycle

P E E Y c A E E H

R E D U c E S J

o A 5 T W A S T E

D A M A C E X R L

U c E W T C o o
c I
o R V L Y B

E K P S A V E J z

I H R o W o U T
p-Toduceg more cars now that it has
The factory
Which five verbs in the wordsearch have a
increasgd. in size.
negative meaning? 1 Don't.. . those old bottlesl You can
run out of them and save resources.
2 Lastyear,they a bus to the festival for
visitors who couldn't a taxi.
3 We are a solar energy park to
20,000 homes.

Z ffiChoosethecorrectverbsforthe 4 ffi Two students are talking about how their school
definitions. could do more for the environment. Complete the dialogue
with the correct form of environment and consumerism
make something dirty, contaminate
verbs and add your own ideas.
a damage @pollute c waste
1 make bigger in size or number Melisa First of all, I think we definitely
a increase b produce c reduce need to stop t&rowittg awaY things
2 not use and keeo for future use that we cant
a protect b save c reduce i n stea d.
3 use more than you need of something, or Ali But how?
throw away something useful Melisa Well. the school could
a waste b afford c pollute . us with different
4 make smaller in size or number bins -you know one for paper,
a reduce b increase c oroduce one for glass and one for cans.
5 give, or make something ready for use Ali That's a great idea, but it's quite expensive. Can
a provide b save c reouce the school 3. . . to buy allthose bins?
..

6 give something energyto make it work Melisa I didn't think about that. What about
a use b power c provide ..
1....... .. electricity? I'm worried about
7 stop somethingfrom people leaving the lights on, because it
existing
a damage b destroy c reduce
the environment.
8 keep something safe from damage
Ali Yes, it's a big deal. ls there anything else? l've
a provide b pollute c protect . ideas. How aboutyou?
You

3? Material world
I W Complete the table with the quantifiers. 3 W Complete the dialogue with the words.
a+ew a little a lot of enough (x2) a few a little a lot of enough many
many much ffiieh not enough

W
There are .. .atgw cars
Emily l'm reading an article about food waste.
outside. How. ltr{oh ...... food do you think we
The street isn't very busy. throw away every yeai?
Howt apples are Harry I don't know. lt must be more than

W
there? food. Mavbe2O%?
How 2.. . ..... ..... time have we Emily No,20% isn't high, . I We waste
got? fifteen million tonnes a year!That's around
There is . water in the 35% of the food we buy!
jug. lt's almost empty. Harry Wow!That's ...food!
o Emily Also, a of the food products
Have you got ...
paper / that the supermarkets throW away are still
pens to do your homework?
OK for us to eat.
There isn't f aren't'
space / chairs for everyone.
Harry Oh, that's terrible, isn't it?
Look!There is f are" Emily Yes, it is. There are 5 charity
money / people here. for unsold food, but that's
lrogrammes
ZW the incorrect word.
Cross out
Harry No, it isn't. Did you know that in France all
the food that supermarkets don't sell goes
There weren't many people / +oee lpresents at the
to charity? tt's the law.
birthday party. Emily What a great idea! Why can't we do that?
1 How much time / money / pounds did you spend
on this?
2 There is enough / afew / not enough food for ffiWrite one ortwo sentences about the
topics using quantifiers.
everyone here.
the time you spend doing homework
3 There are a lot of space / people / boxes in the
We lrsual.ly haye a lqt at hpue-wqrk, l spsnd atpw lmurs a
room at the moment.
wee:kdq.ing.i!,
4 | haven't got many / enough / a lot of money.
5 They've planted afew /enough / much new
1 the moneyyou spend on clothes
trees in the forest.
6 The children next door make a lotof / afew /
too much noise when they're playing.
7 | think there are too much /too many enough
/
z ir'. ii#li.'li;;'";; ";i
stories about the
environment in the
newsl
8 Haveyou read
3 the moneythat peop e earn in different jobs
alotof /
afew /a little
newspaper
articles about
4 i;;ili;;, i;;i;;;,;.,1i" t" i. t;;;;'.;;
food waste?

Material world 33
 /
I
\
x lfii:,:ffiwffi Match the words with photos 1-7. 3 trffiffi Wffi Listen to some product reviews at
the Gadget Show. Writefact or opinion next to the
automatic home-made multi-functional things they mention.
ftat{:*{E+ second-hand smart solar waterproof lt's great for lazy people. 0pi!li6,t
1 lt's multi-functional, so you can listen to music,
watch films and more.
2 ltfits in your pocket.
3 You don't need to worry about running out of
power.
4 lt's perfect for my dad.
5 lt's exciting, but quite expensive.
matura{
6 lt makesyou look like a superhero.
*qcli? -i-
-Wtr$.t,lYdl;

4= ,] 4 .i,!f,$ffi W,ffi Listen again and write true,false or

!Et"+.11L'
'&4 I don't know if they don't mention it. ,
t
i
1 The presenter is looking for the craziest gadgets
-I 2
on offer.
The dog collars tell you if your dog is getting
enough exercise.
3 The paper aeroplanes are home-made.

4 The Eco Media Player is made from recycled

materia ls.
5 The Eco Media Player doesn't use electricity.

6 t;; l"r't r..a a smartphone to use the

Automatic Parked Car Finder.
7 You can use the Logbar Ring to open and close
doors in your house.

ffiffiffi lmagine you are making a new household

gadget. Which words in exercises 1 and 2 could help
describe your product as ... ?
6 7
A useful or quick to use

X li.,:$:;ffilffi complete the advert with the words. B good for the
"nuironr.nt
d€r+a+ ecologica I e lectric electron ic
natu ra I recvcled sola r C .".iting rna roa"rn
In today's wor'ld, oun homes ar-e full
dlgital
of many oadoets. But hi-tech isn't
always the answen, is it? We also want to neduce h
IJ ffiffi Write a short advert for your gadget. Use
waste and save the planet. In oun kitchens, we the advert in exercise 2 to help you. Use facts and
want 2 food products, and we canry opinions to promote it.
them home in 3 baos. But what about
llt tsdayle busy worNd, poople want products t&af are quiok
the equipment we use? Well, in Bolivia thene is
and simple to use, T*iig- llaw-and excitims kitchon gadEet ie
an alternative to the 4 cooken, The
cooker doesn't need electnicity. automatic and multi-fumstional .."
Instead, it uses the sun's heat to cook food, lt saves
energy, so it's an pnoduct. The heat
goes thnough a glass panel and temperatures get
uo to 160"C1

34 Material world
W Order the words to make questions with W Correct the words.
question tags. This plate is made from recycled materials, aren't
damage / don'tthey/the environment / cars? they? isrltit
Cqrs danaget-he ewtirQnnent, dgrlt tlgy? . . 1 You haven't heard about this invention, haven't
1 broke / bottles / didn'tthey /those ? you?
2 She isn't interested in environmental issues, does
2 recycled / wasn't it / the ru bbish I was ? she?
3 He has invented a new smartphone app, didn't
3 ;r; ;; / finiirsh.d /r''. r'rrr;i I ir.'. pto;.li t he? ......
4 They aren't going to reduce the price, will they?
4 can't see /from here /you / canyou /yourflatT
5 That company was developing a new type of
5 cold / be / it'll f won't it /tomorrow ? paper, was it?
6 You love TV programmes about wildlife, aren't
6 tired / you're / aren'tyou / feeling ? you? .

ffi Write questions using question tags. Use

W Complete the dialogue with the correct the words and your own ideas.
words.
best friend / speak French efi+ra6ue
see /this film their parents / not like / swim
your holiday / Creece

It-was- hot in Praguqlagtwq,kend,wasn't tt?

1

Mia It's a lovely day today, isttlt

it?
Ben I suppose so. lt's a lot nicer than last Friday.
It was really cold then,1 . it? You
remember, . . you? lwent back
home to get a coat!
Mia Oh yes, and you lost your keys,
you? How embarrassing!
Ben Yes,it1. .,wasn'tit?|calledmy
dad at work in the end.
Mia Oh no! He doesn't like that.
he?
Ben No, he doesn't!
Mia He 6.
. ... angry, was he?
Ben No, not really. Anyway, l've made an extra
set of keys. So that won't happen again,
7 .. ..it?
Mia No, let's hope not!

Material world 35
 1 ffiW W the
Read and listen to Read the article again and write true or false.
web article. Match paragraphs A-D with Today, many people enjoy cooking. true
headings 1-5. There is one extra heading. 1 Cooks today don't have help from technology.
1 A popular interest A 2 In the future, ovens will make our diets healthier. ...

2 Cooking and eating together 3 In the future, fridges will do the shopping for us.
3 Using less energy 4 We'll learn from chefs at home.
4 Making our own food 5 People won't need to be together to share meals.
5 Making cooking easier
3 What do the bold words in the article refer to?
they avens
lit
2 them
3it
4 they
5 that

4 ffiW Answer the questions. Write complete sentences.

people enjoy How do the kitchen gadgets we have today help us?
Thev help us cook in a qiickleasy and eco-fuiend(v wly.
kitchens are f
mg qulcKer, eas: 1 What do experts think will happen to the number of
m.ent. Experts gadgets in kitchens?
inue, so wha!.,y
'':'.:'.- "r's" kitcheal:i:
'----'--.,,1:' 2 How will food shopping change?
wrli
a

ovens De a

3 What will chef holograms do?

4 Where will our food come from?

5 ffi vocABULARY PtUs complete the sentences with

the words.

billion hundred million eeFeen+ thousand

About eleven per cont of the people in the world haven't
got enough food to eat.
1 There are more people in China, at around 1.4
than allof the countries in Africa.
2 Human beings can live to around one . . . and
.

fifteen years.
an we expect our,
suggest we'11
3 lt's around one kilometres from London to
Berlin.
m.9;t m1
.for 4 745 people live in Europe.

35 Material world
t*
I
Language point: Clauses of purpose
1 W Match 1-6 with a-f.
1 | brought an a caseyou loseyours.
umbrella in
*3 b that we can invite ,r::::.. :i:::;:g::li;;ii::::1:;:*};*]ti;il::::
2 You use this to \ our friends camping.
3 My parents got me a \*c it rains later. ii Shazam - A review by Sketchy ii

tt*F--
case ii
laptop so that I can do
I
4 Cive someone an homework on it. iii
i
il
r,iirr:

li|:'
extra key, in e charge your mobile You know when you hear a song you like, but ii :ri
5 They're making phone. you don't know its name? lt's annoying, isn't ii lli:
a l;:| iil:,'

new law in f order to reduce it? Well, not any more! You're going to hate /
.^. I
*i lr:rl
I
lurl
i:r::l

6 We're getting a pollution from cars. Q9/ listen Shazam. This rfoundsmartphone app 3j ;u
: i ilii:tl
la rger tent so identifies any music and I / felt / saw !i: ]i ill::rll
;i,r:r.

it very easy zfor /to I by use. You record the i! tlr'l

]I ril.:,

ffi Complete the sentences with one or two music and the app tells you the song. Then it lii
j
ll,
links you to an online store so that you can buy 11
I I{ iii::r,:
llt.:
lla::i,
words. u tat!:ti

it. My only rproblem / disadvantage / negative li li:.l

I got a plastic cover for my phone, in cae& ii i:::l
with it is that sometimes it offers vou the same i
j
1 iii::l
]
::i.l
I drop it on the floor.
1 I'm phoning Hasan, that he can
song. but by a different artist. l've spent a lot ii ti
more money on music since I got Shazam, too! !! ii,:.
explain what's ha ppened. Ii liir,.
But overall, I'd definitely recommend this app. 1*
2 He went back to the shop, in {}
li:ii'
tri:i
exchange his coat for a smaller size. I
I
II iii:::
ti:::l

Cive me your phone number, case tuitler - A rcrbw by Noiosho ilI tf,

**'*:ix
I
i l:il:::
get lost and need to callyou. ilj* liiui:
ii:l::l

Hannah stayed up late 1

that she 1

ii
::::rr:

!r:
cou ld study for her exa m. !l! ;i:,..'

I use this website

Twitter is a social media website where users : :::ir:l

order to share .i ll..

photos with all myfriends. send tweets, or short messages. lt does a, rri.rl

aquite lvery / exactly what the adverts say.

We left the party early . catch our
You can write your own messages. or sign up
tra i n.
to follow other people's tweets. You can only
use 140 characters in a message, so it isn't
severything / something nothing that s good
/
for long conversationsl Probably the biggest
6disadvantage / advantage positive with
/
Twitter is that 140 characters aren't enough. lt's
easy to get the wrong idea from a tweet, and I

don't really like that.

g''.tfit}iphona,..l
hwi.l.u'slUr''inilude

3'7
 ,li:.rliilt::::::ti:lr
r.r:ri:r.:ri.r::r:.:ri.

@ g O @ | need to try this again.

@S g@ | could dothis better.
\fOCABULARY The envircnment and LA.hIGUAGE FOCUS Quantifiers
eonsumer;5m 3 Complete the dialogue with the words.
1 Cross out the incorrect word.
a little enough few lot of many
1 Don't waste your rubbish / time / moneyl not enough
2 | can't afford a car f problem / laptop.
3 They're going to run out of environment / Jason How much sugar have we got? | want to
time / money. make a cake today.
4 lt's important that we recycle all our time / Adele Onlyr. . I'm afraid. Maybe 50 g.
plastic / rubbish. Jason That's . I need 250 g. How
3. ...arethere?
5 Pollution can damage our environment / about eggs? How
money / health. Adele We've got a a those.lthink
5 They provided food / water / recycling. there are six.
Jason Creat. that's 5 . And have we got
I can give my opinion on world issues. anyapples?|wanttoputa6.. ... of
them into the cake.
MY EVALUATIO'\I
',:*ffiii ipi Adele Yes. There are three in the blue bowl.

I can give information about the amount or quantity of

READIHG The future of food
? $;\
2 Complete the words. MY EVALUATION
1 This is a perfect ___to my problems.
2 Beforeexamsyou mustd___with a lotof
SITCSS. VOCABUT"ARV AND LISTE[U1ru6 Adjeetives:
What's yourv___on recycling? Doyou agree
describimg objects
we should recycle as much as possible?
Sophie __ me of the advantages of &W Listen to the radio programme. Read the
healthy eating. sentences about the products and write true or false.
5 lt took me two days to p _ * _ _ _ _ _ AIa n to go 1 Felix's project helps you to shop for glasses.
to the party. 2 The Smart Present app helps you prepare
home-made gifts from recycled things.
lcan understand what pronouns referto. 3 You can buy a Smart Present app in a second-hand
, .,, iviv EVALuAnoN f* s # # shoo. . ...

Jimmy has created a waterproof phone charger

which uses energy from the rain. .....
Jimmy's product is ecological and good for the
environment.

I can distinguish between facts and opinions.

;:tl:... MY EVALUATIoN i$i {*'"*i Sl

38 Material world
1ANGUAGE FOCUS Question tags WRITING A product review
5 Choose the correct words. I Choose the correct words.
1 | am tallerthan you, am / aren,t l?
2 You've got a new bike, have / haven'tyou? )fil Beanbag Chair
3 That's an amazing picture, isn't it / that?
4 We won't have much time tomorrory won,t / will
f29.95
t,

5
we?
They should work harder, shouldn,t / don,t they?
*f**x !:,
i,:i
i:'

6 We weren't playing video games all day, weren,t / ---::, a,',: u

were we? ADD YOUR REVIEW

5 Complete the questions with question tags.

1 They can't save more resources, ...

2 Maria is leaving soon, . .

3 They haven't solved the problem,

4 Jamie loves studying history, I crdered this extra-large beanbag chair for my son
5 You aren't having fun, Luxas- We were looking for a sofa which Lukas could
6 The weather will be nice later. . 7 ,
u '^^
>c t
relax, but his room is so small that
7 We don't recycle glass,. . . . ?
we b'ought this beanbag chair instead. The price was
8 | won't need to tidy up, ) gooc. ort the biggest .. was the limited
nurn:er of colours.
lcan use question tags to check information.
The :tarr l exactly what the advert
MY EVAI.I.JATION says. lt tts everywhere, looks good and is the perfect
Srze. LuKaS 4 it really comfortable to
srt c:- Besides, rt's very light .1 . carry,

SPEAKIruG Comparlng prsd{,lcts

" you want to move rt to a differenr ptace.
My cniy problem 1 . . is the cleanrng. you
Complete the dialogue with the words. There are have tc spend a lot of time keep it
two extra words. clean. f/e often cover it with a blanket
it does^'i get dirty.
as chea per less like more m uch lf ycu ,lar:t a big and comfortable beanbag chair, get
think want this ^n: E love it!
Bethany l'm looking for a present for Dad.
What do you I of th is
shower-Dower radio? 1 a so that bto c tn case
Ollie It looks cool. But it isn't 2 a advert b advantage c disadvantage
nice as this one. 3 a does b makes c looks
Bethany |3..... prefer this one, too. lt's 4ais b makes c finds
far more modern. 5aso bto cby
Ollie |4. . . the colour of it. Dad'll 6 a so that b in orderto c in case
love it, too. 7 a with it b about it c of it
Bethany Whichoneisu .. . ?
8 a in orderto b in case c so that
Ollie This one's much 6 9 a in orderto b so that c in case
expensive. lt's only f30. 10 a You've b You're c You'll
Bethany Wowl Let's get that one, then.
I can use to, in order to, so thot and in case to explain
I can express my preference when comparing things. purpose of an object.

MY EVATUATION MY EVALuAnCIN ! iti'# ,;A:

Material world 39
 ? #ffiffiffi Cross out the incorrect phrase. 3 ffi--W:ffi choose the correct meaning.
Free ti me: get a new hobby / ge+€-pensien / My dad is getting old.
get a social media account @ u. isn't young now.
1 Aged sixty-five: get a pension / get old / get a job b He likes his age.
2 Success: get ajob I getold / geta degree c His friends are younger than he is.
3 Money: get a social media account / get rich / 1 Sarah has got a degree.
get a bank account a She has completed the schoolyear.
b She has passed her final university exams.
X ffiffiffiffiffi Complete the paragraphs with the correct c She has started her universitv course.
form of get and the words. Adam's parents are getting rich.
a They are giving Adam money.
b They have always been rich.

ltut, c They are making a lot of money.

My sister got a phone for her"birthday.
a Someone ohoned her.
a girlfriend a job married a-n€vr+€'bby
b Someone bought her a phone.
old rich
c She bought a phone.
When t wos six years old, I go! a na{ hobby . tt Alicia has just got her driving licence.
was dancing and I loved it from the start. After I left a She's passed her driving test.
school, I 1
with a dance company b She can't drive a car.
and today I pefiorm in theatres in London's West c She's started driving lessons.
End. I won'tz as a dancer, but Michael gets a pension.
the money isn'timportantto me oancing is also a He saves money for when he's older.
how 13 . I'm actually going ta b He doesn't work noq but receives money.
to my dance partner, Charlotte, c He receives monev for the work he does.
in a big wedding neXtyear! We both hope to dance in
shows for a long time. when wes iffiffi,ffiffi Answer the questions. Write complete
I'm sure we'll still dance toqether at home! sentences.
What do you plan to do in life before you get old?
lplam fo got a waths degree, ge-! waYfigd alnd gst rieh.
1 When did you first get a social media account?
How many do you have now?
Julia
a bank account a boyfriend
a degree a driving licence
2 when did you tast f"t , n.* |.tof fyl i"f ruin
what it is.
social media accounts

My big sister just 6

in music at
aniversiS and 1 can't believe she isn't a student any
;;il ;i;; i;;;it;,' driving ricence in a rew
years? Why lWhy not?
more! While she was studying, she did a lot of things
7
for the first time. She so she
could pay for universibl. She 8
so she could drive to classes. she also
wnri J"gr.e o,lou a" yo, ir,irt yor;rr g.i i; i;;
future? Explain why.
and they started a band
together! Now they're playing concerts and
trying to get famous. I hope it happenst
They've to try and get
ti:', i
^:,i, for, lt,
ai.
"^'

40 Years ahead
Fst conditionalwith r/and unless 3 W Correct five mistakes in Gaetan's post.
I gZW Complete the table with the words.
Iick(/) the three correct answers.

arrive if late leave unless we'll Many people say that the
future will be better than
} the past, but I'm not sure.
lf Unlass we develop
better ways of processing
energy, we tharm
j the environment further.
And 2if . that 3will
happen , one day
r*www
we'll need to go and live on another planet. What
awill we do 5unless .......
we don't develop the technology in time? lf
we 6'll tlavel . to Mars, we'll need to
produce our own water and air. Unless technology
Tdoesn't
move a lot faster, we
z Sre Order the words to make sentences and 8won't be
..

ready to leave Earth for

questions.
a very long time.
to / learn /we4/teacher/the f more / if / listen / - Gaetan, China
WC
We'l I f-sAru nofe tf .Wp listgn to the teaQher,
1 wake / early /you /exhausted / you1l / +f / be /
up mightvs. will
rf ..
4 ffl Complete the sentences with the correct
a car / / driving / she lgets /
her licence / form of might or will and the verbs in brackets.
unless / she /won't / buy
She They i[ 1ry hard to win. They always do. (try)
.

I lf the train is busy today, you a sear.

resources / less / we / *$ /eat / will / meat / (find)
save / we ?
2 She. ....
rf there, but she's usually out. (be)
3 You . . . the book. tt's boring. (like)
reduce / planet /we /the /we'll /vnfess /
waste / destroy
4 It'stoofartowalk.1.. . ... the bus. (get)
5 In the future, people holidays in
Un less
space. (have)
they / products / they're / the / won't f 6 Look at the trafficl We early. (arrive)
ecological / use /unless
They
| / if /hard /work I rich /t
3 ffi Think about the results of these future
/ get /wi+? events. Write one first conditional sentence with r/
will
and one with unless.
We invent cleaner cars.
It.vtp-invefi cleanur.pars,u$-ll!.havp-lo-sspo_!f utiorr,
Ppll.qtioh wonlt imprwe uXla_gSwein-u-ent cleanor QAIS, .

1 lgetagoodjob.

2 People live a lot longer.

3 We use computers more and more.

Years ahead 4t
 1 &W Choose the correct word. 3 W Listen to Bruno, a TV presenter,
They're getting married and plan to get U@, talking about a time capsule. Write true or false.
family. Bruno works on a TV programme for older people.
1 They decided to take some time up / out and false
travel before u niversity. 1 They want people to say what should go into the
2 We always pass / spend some time abroad in the time capsule.
holidays. 2 They're going to open the time capsule in 200
3 lt's a nice job, but I don't win / earn much money. yea rs.
4 l'd Iike to take down / up a new sport. Which one 3 They have already put some things into the time
do you recommend? ca Dsu le.
5 My uncle has never settled /taken down and got 4 Bruno makes predictions about life in the future.
married.
6 Elena doesn't want to look /tie herself down yet 5 Bruno is advertising a competition. . ...

with a family and a house.

4 W W Now listen to three responses from
2 Complete Jen's essay with the correct form David, Lena and Claire. Write the speaker's name
of the verbs. next to the ideas.
enjoy get h€ve look make retire . .Lgna . loves reading.

sta rt travel waste 1 ......... ..isexcitedaboutthefuture.

2 ....................... lras got a busy life now.
3 .. . thinks we'll work less.
,i% 4 .. thinks we'll see friends less.
5 . . wants to keep his / her laptop.
6 ..... thinksexerciseisimportant.
j%
5 Write your own ideas about life in
100 years'time. Think about:
il& . travel . entertainment
. work . the environment
. education . health and medicine
I ttr in& wel lllivz lpngs,r an d r elirp lqIpr, W e nig h t al I

,h Myfuture plans tT gvelin.e.lect'fiQ Qxrs and,,. . .. .

now,butl've goN some exciNinq plans,

-|m at g-o-haol

,far f,he lature, l-.-.^n.[ay-ing . a |p--t'-of f.un and

r% -,1".,.",..-,..,..".-. -- myself ay99'hool,hv! lknow I wonlt'
be-heref or,evet.lf lhauplimeaf Narmy-9\afr1.?.1
..1-."... ,....,...,.,,,ayoupdlrdia,l'dli.kef'o5 .,,,,,,,',,.,,:;::,,::::::::ri ..
1& involved in a biN of chariN,y.rygi! b ."Jpf-" 1 qo- -te,-uniYe1?::W
6 ffiffi Qffi Listen to David, Lena and claire
...Aftermytra:uels,l'llslarlmy.dogree'?eople-Iika-tr0 again. Are you more positive or negative about the
& afler Lhemselves lhese
plaf;f ir.'AloeNudypeygon4lfiN-1955:N!:gruljy-e;rsity,l
day-s-, 4ft l'm future? Explain why.
llm..mprp'ppc:itiva.lhanDavidbeo-aase..l..lhinkw"-e,llf sJilf .

doubithal l'll5 tim e, w o rking !-q 7 s o 1Y99 1e

lfAvellpseettiqnds-,.b-ut.l'nmof eWgA_lttg:::
e_lge,t-91l_o-;ng,lmhopilg!,91. ., ..,. ..... .,,,,,,,",',.llP 1-1/,.,o,,W!l
business when l' m around N-hjrl-y , and by thg I-i:-nq I' m
7,,,, rsi.mr.ljiSn ..,,
f-orNy:fiue,, I waqt t o ,,,,,,..14y,f
& p_puniei -Tthen I c4;n
8.,,,....
, ,,..,,ygufrQ, and reallY

9,nj9Xlffel

4? Years ahead
will and be going to 4f Correct the phrases.
t W Are the sentences predictions (P) or plans / |n,,!900.,q! engineel,l,la.li ..,rdhn..,ii$;
intentions (Pl)? Write P or Pl.
osked himself, 'Whot re*vill willws be doing
'. 1.........':.:,

l'm going to see Mark tomorrow. Pl .

in I0O yeors?' Incredibly, some of his predictions hove
The weather won't be very nice. P now come true!
1 lan isn't going to go out until after his exams.

2 What are you going to do next weekend?

3 What will the weather be like on Friday?
4 We're going to stop for dinner in an hour.
5 The price of food will continue to rise.
5 When do you think your train will get here?

? K Write sentences using will or be going to.

lthink /l /be / home late
I think t will [e hqno late.
1 Stella is studying medicine at university.
she/be /adoctor

2 we / not / get ma rried / th is yea r

| / probably / move abroad / one day

how /schools / change / in the future / ?

5 Alex / travel around Europe / next month

Future continuous
3 Complete the sentences with the correct
future continuous form of the verbs. 5 $ilffi What do you think these people will be
doing at these times? Write complete sentences.
call not arrive not make shop s#y yourteacher / later today
take watch l4rAkinw:illb-sleaohingf potball.la_ter.tQday,
l've got a history test tomorroq so t lllbp I you / next Saturday morning
study-ing tonight.
I . . you that film later
tonight? 2 your parents / twentf five f"rrr'time
2 Adriana home at four o'clock. She'll
still be at school.
3 .. they in town at 11.30 I your best rri.na f lr'lir r.-i r.r"riJrv
tomorrow?
4 | can't tidy my room after dinner. I ..

my friend then. + fo,' lr.l';;i;; /'ft|,.r,,f

5 | .. some time out around nine o'clock.
l'll go online then.
5 My parents . . . dinnertonight, so we're s t;;t i;;;r'ii. l.i.urity /the next few months
going to get a ta keaway.

tfears ahead lf
 1 W W Read and listen to the web article. re Read the article again. Writetrue,false or
Choose the correct answer. don't know if the article doesn't mention it.
The article is about.... Space tourism is already very common. -false. . .

a people in space now 1 Many people have already given money to Virgin
b aliens visiting Earth Calactic.
c space travel in the future 2 Mars is known as the 'red planet'.
3 A lot of experts think the Mars One project won't
nappen soon.
4 Most people don't like the idea of travelling to
Mars.
5 Bas Lansdorp feels a mission to Mars is
impossible.

4 ffi Answer the questions. Write complete

sentences.
How long will people stay on Mars?
th qretpr IhQ-rpst o-F tfiair llvps.
Thsylll stay .

1 When do scientists think it will be possible for a

lot of people to visit space?

wr'ri;t *'. rrir pr"ur.r i"i pl"prl *no *t"i i"

be soace tourilts now?

What does Richard Branson think will happen to

the price of space trips in the future?

How do you think the author feels about the idea

of moving to Mars?

lf you get the chance to go into space, will you

go? Why / Why not?

2 ffiXre Read the article again. Match paragraphs

1-3 with A-C. F
) VOCABUTARY PLUS Complete the
1 .. 2 .............. . 3
sentences with the words.

adapt colonize destroy

manipulate ptoeess
Com puters Brpogss information through
numDerS.
1 Afire can a forest.
2 On Mars, they will ......... the conditions so
that plants can grow.
l',llTllll,ll"*""- 3 Do you think we'll other planets if
t"t--T, . we run out of space on Earth?
4 Atnight,oureyes tothedark.

44 Years ahead
language point; so
ffW Write so in the correct place in the
sentences.
I don't like action film39 don't think I'll watcn
6
that one.
Idott't lika action filrtrs, so I don't think l'll watch
that one.
1 Callum is free tonight l'll phone him now.
2 lt's getting dark let's go home. To: felix@mail.co.uk Subject: Future travel plans
3 Our train leaves in five minutes we need to hurryl
4 Space traveltickets are very expensive not many Hi Felix,
people can afford to buy them.
l've been thinking about the future and l'm going
5 Those jeans are mystyle l'm goingtotrythem on.
to go travelling for a year in South Americal l'll be
6 She's going swimming after school she can't
studying for four years at university and l'd like to
come to your house. see some of the world first. As I love sightseeing and
meeting new people, I can sae,.. myself really
z ffiffi Rewrite the sentences using as or so. enjoying itl I want to do some volunteering while I

He doesn't have any money. He can't go shopping. travel, so I don't l that l'll have time to
(as) visita lotofplaces, butwho2 . .... ?
As hg.doesnlt have any mon-ey,he c4n't go sh-ogping.
1 | enjoy science. Maybe l'll be a doctor. (as)
|3 .. . wherel'llbevolunteering-maybe
,lin a school or on a farm. l'm not 100% 1 .... . . . .

I about which places l'll visit, but I know I want to see

Machu Picchu, in Pdiu, and Rio de Janeiro, in Brazill

2 They went to a party last night. They'll be tired
today. (so) I might also go to the USA, if I have enough money!
| 5 it will be a fantastic year. What will you
be doing after we leave school?
My brother wants to go travelling for a year. He's
learning English. (as) ; Bye for nowl
John

+ w"'," iri. wl i'"1

'nie;;i;;;;;i'ri'.
ir.,.;l i.lrirg r,'".Jw. sr,'.'r e"i;; i; ;rr,. rrn.r.'
now. (as)

r; ;;;;;;;;;; i;;;;,;;"'';'.;i'J ,", ,..J

to go to bed early tonight. (as)

t6- take a yeal

irity"'write an email
rruillbe doing.
following things:

.t.4..:...:..: :

yotlr expenence

Use the email in exercise 3 to help you. Include

clauses of reason and cause and the phrases on
this page.

Yearsahead 45
 .]

@e OO I need to try this again. AeQ)@ | am happywith this.

@ eO€) | could dothis better. @€@@ i.:,*;':.dtl.ihi;:.G*:&.ii::l,l1:.'..,l,::l.:.,,l.l.:l.-.,:l'l.l.l:.ll.'ll.:.'.,:ll:,i,,,,,.l:...,l:]

VOCABULARY Uses of get mf\l6[JAGE FOCUS First eovrditisnalwith tt

1 complete the sentences. and unlessr rnigrrt vs" wiff
1 Dominic is getting . He'll be sixty on 3 Complete the sentences with rf, unless or the correct
his next birthday. form of might or will.
2 lfirst got a bank when I was twelve 1We spend some time in Portugal
years old. next summer. but we aren't sure.
3 You won't get a driving . . . unress you 2 You'll be exhausted you relax this
pass you r test. weekend.
4 My grandma doesn't work any more. She gets a 3l
. ... now. 4He get rich because he works
5 Mike studied at university for five years to get a extremely hard.
in medicine. 5 We ... .. win the match. The other team
is better.
I can talk about difierent ages and life events. 6 Willyou go to the party Leo invites

::,.:,, MY EVAIUATI0N ,.,T1*]':;i |s you?

I can talk about posribilities in the future.

RFADItUG Future humans :r,:,::,'' MY EVAILTATI0N 1,,* S'l;) $

7, Match the words with the definitions.

adapt colonize destroy I/OCAtsULARV AND Ll5TErutruG Lifestyle

manipulate process choiees
1 damage something so that it can't be used 4 AWffi Listen to Jasmine and Liam talking about
their summer holiday. Choose the correct words.
2 take control of land by sending a group of people 1 Liam / Jasmine is calling his / her friend.
to live there 2 Jasmine is going to spend the summer abroad /
3 control something so that it behaves as we want in England.
itto.. . .
3 Jasmine will be travelling around South America
4 use and analyse information with the help of a for a few months / weeks.
compurer 4 Liam's dad wants to take some time out in July /
5 slowly change something so that it works better August.
in a new situation 5 Liam's dad will f won't earn a lot of money soon.
6 Jasm ine says Lia m shou ld ta ke u p a sport /
I can match visual information to a text. watch TV.
MY rvAruAnoN *) *; {} lw
I can talk about lifestyle choices for the future.

]i::l,,l.. MY EvAtuArloN ft {t} ti} l#

46 Years ahead
tANcUAcE FOCUS will and be going toi WRlTlNc A refleetive let&er
Future comtinulous
7 Read the email and complete it with the correct
5 Tick(/)the correct sentence. words. There are two extra words.

f j-*jfnis time next week we will be travelling don't I myself so suppose sure that
_ around ltaly. what who will wonder
ijThis time next week we willtravel around
Ita lv.
2 l_j I'm going to take up tennis. tt's such a great
s po rr.

il t'tt be taking up tennis. lt's such a grear sporr.

3 i*_iTomorrow at five o'clock, Callum will get ready -:,', :'e you? Tomorrow is the big day. I'm starting
for the
':-e:'sais for my first play in London.
* pa rty.
-:cs : be OK. We're going to practise for two
I lTomorrow at five o'clock, Callum will be
- r':-s cefore the first show on 2"d May.
,_ getting readyforthe party.
4 ; think we'll be winning this game.
I .::3e^ dreaming about performing in the theatre
i, i I think we'll win this game. e -_. 'te, l'm really excited. l'm also a
5 l-] lamie says he isn't going to work in the 3 : -:'.:..;s. | 3 what the other actors are
summer. that they've got a lot
ll lamie says he won't work in the summer.
3- e,:e' e^ce, so they might not be very friendly. l'm
about my acting skills either.
imagine that l'll be great, but I want to
I can talk about what will be doing in the future.
I
ce Jt:::.ough.
,:...:.,,,., My gldA11,ATlgN a.ili i..::] fi
I c-:ss it's normal to worry in moments
i<e :-:se. feel that this show will change my life.
becoming a movie star in
SPEAKXru6 fWakimg arrarlgermemts Hc .,'.'.::: but .. knows what l'm going
tc 3: -e\:. l',4aybe Broadwayl
6 Choose the correct words.
Keec . i rg€rS crossed for me,
--
Mum So, Leah, you'velhave / get / got a busy -.

day ahead.
Leah I knoW it's crazy. And l've got a basketball
match tonight, too.
Mum What 2time day
/ lhour does it start?
Leah lt starts at six. Are you coming to watch?
Mum Yes, | 3 plan / hope /want so. Don't
aremember remind
/ /forgetthat we're
going to London tomorrow.
Leah What? Why?
Mum Remember - it's your cousin's wedding.
The train s leaves / leaving / left at seven,
so we can't be late.
Leah Cool. Can you remind "^y /l / meto get
him a present later?
Mum Right - l'm reminding you now to get your
cousin a present. OK? I can link ideas to show reason and cause.
Leah OK. Thanks. Mum.

lcan make plans and future arrangements.

r,,,,. nAY €\IAL{JATNSI{ 1::'"': r * il

Years ahead 47
 sq{'
nffit
tu ffi
TW Complete the table with the words.
b€ard+flS h€'|4days -leavers mixed
primary rules secondary
single-sex uniform
? Match the compound nouns in
exercise 1 with the definitions.
the times of the year when you don't go
to school school ftPlidaYs
1 a place where you study from the age of
around five to eleven
2 the clothes you have to wear at school
3 a place where you live and study with
other students
4 young people who are finishing their final
yea r of school
5 a place where only girls, or only boys,
study
6 a place where you study from the age
of around twelve to sixteen or eighteen
7 they tell you how to act and what you
can't do while at school
8 a place where girls and boys study
together
48 Learn
3 €ffi Choose the correct words to complete what Ali
and Phoebe say about school.
School can be hard work,
but I like it. I always do /
G6Try assist lessons and
tEo] make / write homework
on time. lt's important for
me to 2 write / pass / make
my exams because I want to
be a vet. I need toi do / be /
get good qualifications so
that I can a go / get/ be into
university one day.
l've been at boarding school
since lwas eight. Living awaY
from home is OK, but we have
to s make / take I obey rules all
the time. I don't alwaYs 6 Pass /
get / do good marks in tests,
and last year,l7 failed / fell /
lost a maths exam. This Year,
I need to 8 study /take / helP
extra classes and e enrol / join /
sign myself in homeworkclub
to do better!
4 CXffiAnswerthe questions with your own ideas.
Give reasons for your answers.
Do you take any classes after school?
Yee, I take.English, piano_ and danpg olasses bqcause I
gnjoy being creatj:ug, .
1 How is secondary school different from primary
school ?
, w;;;;;iil;;";"
:
to obey sometlmes?
';:,.
3 What do you think students need to do to get good
marks at school?
What career are you interested in? What
qualifications do you need for that career?
 ffiW Complete the table with the words. There J Choose the correct words to complete what
are three extra words. Josh's grandma says about schoot.

able eaft can't could couldn,t

to was weren't will won,t

| . qAn. / can't swim.

Present Can he run fast?
Yes, he can. / No, he 1

I told my grandson, Josh, about my schooldays recenfly, ano ne

Past
He could /2 sing. b believe some of the things I saidl For example, many
.
t|.rey help you i children stay at school because they had to work from a
Yes, they could. / No, they couldn,t.
young age. They left school so that they get a job and help
their parents. In those days, you leave school at around
He'll be age twelve or thirteen.
Future . she be able to visit? Josh is fourteen, and he a
to leave school until he's
Yes, she will. / No, she 6 eighteen, He's lucky. These days, he s . studv a lot of different
subjects, too. And at the end of it all, he 6.. to go to college.
7 .
z ffi Write sentences and questions using the
| do any of thatl

correct form of can, could or be oble to. a could cou ld n't c can
they / leave school / next year 'l a couldn't b weren't c will be able
TheV'll be ableto lqave school-nerI year- 2tcan b be able to c could
1 Mar a / not go to / her dance class yesterday 3 a were able b can't' c could
4 a can't b won't be able c will be
5 a'sable b a ble c can
2 you / come / to the concert tomorrow? 6 a 'll be able b could c can
ves/l 7 a won't be able b couldn't c can't

4 gttr Write one or two sentences about these

3 myfriends / nottake /the drama class lasrvear things.
thingsyou can do now thatyou couldn,t do ten years
ago
4 Michaet / not get r'i" / l"ir.e; ;.;i;;;i.;;;; Ten years ago, I colqldn't srin Vpf:f welt pf ridq a bikp,
f'low I san do both.
1 things you can do that your grandparents couldn,t
s ii, I iii tt,'ii',inl
No/l
;;;;;kt when theywereyoung

2 things you could do when you were younger that

6 ;i, I ;;i;i,; /il;.;; k;t; you can't any more

things your brothers, sisters or friends can do that

Vou can t

things you'll be able to do when you're twenf,-s,r

trnn f9
 W Choose the correct words. @W Listen to Nora giving a talk about
You need *o ao.r@ / proiectin science to how she found her idealjob. Tick (y') four more
Decome a pnysrcrsr. things that she says she did.
1 They're attending/ training to be engineers. do an internshio V
2 Amy wants to study law/ management, so she 1 write for the college newspaper n
can start her own restaurant business one day. 2 work on student radio T
3 Jim is doing a position f course in construction,
3 write a marketing blog n
4
because he wants to be a builder.
My sister didn't get the right qualifications /
4 work in a group of people t:
notes for the teaching course.
5 keep in contact with people she met t:
5 Aidan didn't goto /assist schooltoday. 6 give her CV to everyone she worked with t:
6 Areyou goingto applyforthe nursing / job? 7 rewrite her CV for every job n
ffiffi Complete Jordan's blog with the words. ffiffi W Listen again. Complete the
sentences with the words.

difficult +mmea+a+eb interviews media

monev useful website
Nora says she inrnadiatsly- knew she wanted to
work in social media.
1 Nora did . projects at university.
2 She worked for a
3 She says thatyou often get no .. . for
work experience.
4 She enjoyed doing with people.
5 She savs it has been . to meet people
through work.
an apprenticeship a course a position
entertainment job jot'rna+is"a marks
6 She says it's to find the right job.

ffi two of the careers. Write three or

Choose
four sentences for each career, giving advice about
the things you can do to get this type ofjob.

construction engineering entertainment

journalism l€w management nursing
lT
science teaching
n
tfi Ta beeone alawgr,ypuhaugto gqt gqadnarkq at sohoo-l
afd tlra[. attend arlvzrsity" .Yputhen noedlo da a gaursg-..
EI
ffi
f!,
al law collsge- gp Upt4 o-an gst the rlght qualif icatiotts to
tq sf-art traiming q! 4 law f tirm,
m
M
H
Y

50 tearn
ffiW Complete the table with the correct form 3 Correct the words.
of have to, need to, must and should.

I hayeto leave soon. lt's getting

dark.
have to
She 1
study maths.
We2 eat now. We can wait.

You 3. . . ...... .. train to be a nurse.

needto Hea ... ......doadegreetobean
actor.
_'
a l:.tlllra,r:rl:'l'ri:lii:i":

s oword scheme for young people is now neorly sixly

must |5 ... . belateforcollege.
old, ond operoles in i40 countries. You nee&
We6 ......................obevthe rules. Iae . .
ns-edlg _c,_onplctc o number of different
- to get o bronze, silver or gold oword.
;; --*o'r*,n.."*r" ogo, girls couldn't toke port, but now you
should lt sounds interesting.
8 be .. o boy to get
They worry. lt isn't . There ore five different types of fosks thot you
important. must to do
Volunteering
re Make sentences using hove to, need to, You'should helping
must and should. chority or people in your ccm'rJn-\.
Physicol octivit),
Alfie / not need / study /foreign languages
Alfie do-esnlt need lp Sfitdy tqr eign languages. This'hos n be ^
+6nm cn^ri

1 but it shouH be connected to fitness.

you / not must /forget
sldll
2 Porticiponls con choose o procticoi skill they would like
he /should / do more homework
to improve, such os singing or pointing.
I *. u '"i ;;;; il;r', lJ,""r ,'if;;; Expedition
Eoch person tshould to
4 plon on odvenfurous iourney to go on.
James / need / work harder in class
Residentiol stoy
5 Matilda /have / This tosk involves working in o teom ond stoying
pass the exam
owoy from home for five doys. You 6don't need
work well with others to
you / not shou ld / go to bed so late

we / not must / use phones in class

4 ffi Invent an award foryoung people. Decide
il.; / ;;i ;,"; I e" i" ;;;i i;;,t the things you have to do to get it. Include have to,
need to, must and should in your answer.
The.awarlis oaLledthsY-aangUelpsrls Awaf-d, ltls for . . .

gling.helptpyQut Q'Qnmgilty. Yott trtu-st decidgttho or vthal

to hel:p, ag slher s!!,tde-nts o!'alrimafs in $o-gd,To ge-t
s-uc-h

lhp avtAfd, ypq ha.yp.!.A..sp.And a.fpvt. hours a week dgi;ng il .,,

tearn 51
 1 WW Read and listen tothe article about an
unusual school. Choose the correct answer.
The best heading for the article is ... .
a Bad weather destroys Makoko school
b Newfloatingschool in Makoko
c Boat sent to help Makoko school
fa lse. Correct the fa lse sentences.
The new floating school isn't safe.
False,Thenewschotlissafpinq-xIrg:mqweathgrsondiliqns,
1 Makoko is a city on a lake.

2 Weather and water levels aren't a problem.

3 People from Makoko built the school.

4 The school has got outside space for playing.

4 $ffi Answer the questions. Write complete

sentences.
Why can't the students go to lessons in the old
primary school?
T,hey callt {s e Ihe old priqay schoal becAuso lad
waather damagedit.
1 How does the building float on water?

2 How will the school stay up in the wind?

How is the building ecological?

How will the school f'"lp tn" ;;;t;;lit?

s w;ri;;t", ir.'i'r. iri. il iit" i' nn't"t"r

A ffit Read the article again. Choose the correct 5 ffiffiWffi$vocABUtARY Ptus complete the
words. sentences with the words.
Adeyemi is visiting /@thasn't been to Nigeria.
challenging creative historic
1 Makoko is not a vef\6t / wealthy / windy
neigh bou rhood.
erdinaty unique
2 Adeyemi's design helped to use / create / avoid This building is not ordinary . lt's unusual.
waste. 1 He loves art. He's very . .

3 They didn't use expensive / ecological / local 2 lt isn't like anything else. lt's . . . . . .

materials to build the school. 3 The book is . lt's hundreds of

4 Solar panels / Plastic barrels /Local materials years old.
provide power for the school. 4 ls the work easy, or is it
5 The school has got three classrooms f plants / floors.

5? Learn
La nguage po*mt: Srder&mg Frxformat$mm TASK
1 {l,}ffiffiFg$ write the words in the order that we K,.i;;ll Replace the bold words with the phrases.
use them in essays. Two words have got the same
meaning. all in all as a result lfeel ifi-frqy€p+t i€'rl
to conclude so
fina lly firstly lastly second ly
In the UK, students have to wear a uniform to most
1 schools. But are school uniforms really a good idea?
2 For me, school uniforms are a bad idea.l lthink
3 most children aren't comfortable when they have
to wear formal clothes. 2 Because of this, they
,1:,;iii;1i|1'$ffii Complete the paragraph with three of the might enjov school less, and 3 then they have more
words in exercise 1. problems rvith their studies. Secondly, uniforms are
usually mo!'e expensive than ordinary clothes. Some
parents car': :f'o.d them.
a

iTdd;:Urffi::l**i;"' Considering these things, uniform is unpopurar

and can ccs::oo ,.'ruch.5In the end, I would prefer
school. if students have to not to hav€ -- t:.'':" jn schools.
wear a uniform, everyones clothes are the
ln r,ny opinicn
same. This stops students from looking 'l

richer or poorer than others 2

I think it encourages students to obey the 3

rules and feel part of the school community. 4

5
. ; ;;' ; ;;;*i

i\.
{t
i

\,, ,

& Write an opinion essay with this title:

Should oll secondary school students do work
experience in the real world?
Think about the following things:
. Do any students in your school do work
experience now?
. What types of work experience could you do?
. What are the advantages of work experience?
. Are there any problems with work experience?
Use the essay in exercise 3 to help you. Include
ordering expressions and the phrases on this page.

tearn 53
 LANGUAGE FOCUS csn, coutd, he oble to
1 Complete the words. 3 order the words to make sentences and questions.
1 You must o the rules at school! 1 your / can / speak lCerman /father /?
2 Do you have to wear a school u. ...... . ..... ?
3 She got good m. . . . ..... . in her exams. 2 be able I eo lby train /they lto lwill /?
4 | left p ... school when I was eleven.
5 You needtostudyoryou'llf.... ........ .. the 3 ;;i, ;;; tii /f'i I ,ii"il;'l /il; ;".l.ii I li.tJ'
exam tomorrow!
6 | want to g into fashion college. q li,i,; lt r*iir' lv",i /iiiii /iiit;'i f ,ln'il
I can express opinions by agreeing or disagreeing. swim /you / you lwhen / were / could I four / 7

MY EVALUATION #&S O won't f come / tomorrow I be l\t'ania / able to

READING Reviews I can talk about past, present and future ability.

Z Choose the best words to complete the sentences. MV EVALUATION f* {} # W

1 My sister is very . She makes
amazing jewellery.
a unusual b challenging c creative VOCABUTARY AND LISTENINC Courses and
2 Yesterdaywevisited a /an ..... ....... .town in careerS
Turkey. I love looking at old buildings.
a historic b ordinary c creative 4 W Listen to Joshua talking to a careers advisor.
3 This classroom is rather . . . There are Write true or folse.
no desks or chairs in it. 1 Joshua's dad works in a construction company.
a' ordinary b historic c unusual
4 Travelling to a foreign country can be 2 j;;; t sister studied nursing.
when you don't know the language. 3 Joshua wants to apply for aiob in a law company.
a unusual b challenging c ordinarY
5 This is just another day. Nothing + l"if.rt, doesn't want a career in entertainment.
interesting has happened.
a creative b ordinary c historic S if't. ta"itor tells Joshua he could try journalism.

I can find and rephrase information in a text. 6 j;;; is interested in writing.

n vEVALUATT0N ffi**#w 7
8
Joshua's uncle works in a school.
Joshua has applied for an lT course.

I can distinguish between certainty and doubt.

MV EVALUATION ffi## @

54 Learn
 .

1ANGUAGE FOCUS have to I need to I WRITING An opinion essay

must I should 7 Read the opinion essay and choose the correct
5 Choose the correct words. words.
I You mustn't /don't haveto / don'tmust cheat in Ss we need tests at school?
exams.
2 lf you need help, you should to / need / should Some students say that tests don't help them learn.
talk to your teacher. As soon as they pass a test, they forget what they've
3 l'm not thirsty, so I shouldn't / don't need I learned. Is it reallv as simple as this?
needn't to stop and have a drink.
4 You mustn't /
don't need / don't have to do this rIn my opinion As a result, tests are necessary for
/
extra homework. lt's your choice. several reasons. 'All in all / Firstly, they motivate
5 We must / have / need arrive on time to school students to study. Being successful at school is
every day. important for many young people, so they work
6 Rosie has / have / need to catch the next bus. hard to get good marks. rFinally / Secondly, tests
allow students to check how much they know and
lcan talk about obligation and necessity.
which things they still need to work on. During the
Mv EVALUAfl0T{ t*'{:* (*} 'dd, test, students have to count on their own memory
and their own abilities. 4Finally / I feel, I believe
that tests teach essential life skills which will be
SPEAKI&IG Asking for and giving adwiee useful in the future. For example, before and
during a test, students need to plan their work,
Choose the correct words. manage their time, concentrate on the task and
Raul Hi, Layla. ls everything all right? You don't deal with stress.
look very happy.
Layla I'm really worried about next week's 5To conclude/ Secondly, tests can be helpful in
chemistry test. I haven't really understood many different ways. 5All in all / Firstty,ITleel I
anything we've done. am feeling that they are one of the most important
Raul Haveyou to anyone about it? parts of school life.
Layla No. Can you give me any . .? lt's
all such a disaster!
Raul Listen, panic.
Lavra know' the test
,aut I ifr:Jl5l':i?"
Raul You 5 to speak to Miss Wilson.
Teachers are there to help us, you know.
Layla Yes, you're . l'll go and see her
right now.
1 aspeak bspoken c spoke
2aadvice bplan c information
3ado bdon't c did
4aWhat bHow c Why
5ashould . bcan c need
Saright btrue c Sooo

can ask for and give advice. I can order opinions in an essay.
I
MY EVALUATION MY EVAII,JATIOru

Learn 55
 w

ffiW complete the crossword with the verbs. Use 3 ffire Complete the article with the correct
the clues to find the words with a similar meaning. words.

aim ban believe b€ftt campaign How can we campaign t@tsign poverty? Experts saythat
donate end propose protest 'donating / volunteering / boycotting money to cha rity isn't
sign support volunteer enough. However, we can use'microloans'to 2 support /

1 avoid 7 object to
ban / protest people. Many poor people 3 believe / support /
aim to start their own businesses, but normal banksa ban /
2 give 8 stop protest I propose them from borrowing the money they need.
3 fight 9 think Bangladeshi businessman Muhammad Yunus 5 campaigned /
4 get rid of 10 recommend proposed / aimed a new idea: 'microfinance'. This is when
5 plan 11 help without pay
wealthy people make very small loans online that allow poor
6 write your name 12 agree with
people to start a business and earn their own money.
Lhamu fr:om Tibet says that microloans have changed her
life. tlei,family 6 campaigned / believe{l / volunteered in her
abilities, and they rper,staded her
to develop her clothes business.
The smallloan helped her to buy
a laptop, ge-t training and build a

br business is now 300%

4 ffi Answer the questions. Give reasons for

your answers.
What would you like to ban? What would this
change?
lwoufd lika to ban n-obile phongs.frQn ra-gtlgrants. I
!,hinkpe-QplpV,ighttalknqrpwitft qst-mobilephones
at the table.
1 Haveyou ever seen or signed an online
oetition? What was its aim?

? W Complete the sentences using the correct w;riit;.' "rurings J; p."pr. ,lrrirv
form ofthe verbs in exercise 1. campaign for?
They have ban:ned smoking in all public buildings
in the UK.
1 You may have to for what you believe in c;; t;; ;,;;;; ;;,y i; ;;k;;i,;ti;; ;;;;
one day. fun?
2 We are . against pollution in the town
centre tdday.
3 They a charity that raises money for what types otvotun[e;;;;k ;;;;v", r.,.r'a
children's hospitals. of? Where would you volunteer?
4 Myfriend has a petition for free school
meals.
5 lwantto at an animalcharity. wrrat lhariti.f *"rrl r"; ;;"ri; i;? w;; ;;
5 Please some money to the people who what do they support?
lost their homes in the disaster.

56 Big ideas
 #]W Order the words to make sentences. Are 4 ffi Choose the correct words.
they about things in general (G), about now (N) or
the future (F)? Write G, N or F.
be /
charity / workingfor / rewarding / can
VV-orking for chari:A can be rewlrding. 0
1 must / this gift / for / be / you
sign /they / the / might / petition

be / Frances / today /tired / may

1oo Happy uays'ffiBut you
tell / perhaps / soon / you / he'll ;an't know about Dmitry Golubnichy,
l;:bAitry had a sood jon ;la;!llll;:....l.
hard work / money / can / raising / be
lilllfelt unhappy. So he thoug.hq:it.i.ti.;.tt1i1tl

t;;;"o; / ror,titi t,r:i 1 it nd friends jrigttt I must help

'can
e saw that they were happy with less
that his ideas about happiness
Z Complete the sentences with the words. i'be the real problem! Dmitry thought
/ may there was a better way to
can't could n+ay may not might perhaps to share one happy thing every day
.U,eCided

It may be a good idea to

for help. ask
People saw his social media uSates, with

1 t. run the marathon next month.l'll

see how lfeel.
2. . she doesn't like art. We'll see. have done it. EGan / PerfaF I nr$ noticing one good
3 rt.. . work, butyou should stilltry. thing a day help to rnke you happier? Try it and it ?can /
4 She become a lawyer one day, but maY/ Ielhap surprise you!
she'll have to work hard.
5 Kate is on holiday, so that be her at
the door. 5 g[f| Write one or two sentences about these
things using might, may and could.
ffi Complete the second sentence so that it What eff,ect do you think the 100 Happy Days
means the same as the first sentence. Use the word challenge will have on people?
in brackets. epne peoplo-migh! rpally enjoy it,bul pelhaps pther
Perhaps l'll go out tonight. (might) pegple will find it difficult to finish.

I ttigltt go out tonight. 1 Should there be lessons on howto be happy in

1 Sometimes campaigning works. (can) schools? Why /Why not?
Campaigning
2 Maybe it's cold outside. (may)
2 lf we all work ,na ttrJf ir"r r.r"r" i" irirr",
ri', J i,' ir ;", ;; il;t';.**::1'r1 home. how might it affect our lives?
(must)- ".,
at home because it's
dinner time. 3 How can social media benefit charities?
It's possibleyou'll love that job. (could)
that job.
5 | can't see Peter anywhere. He's obviously late. + rrrlir. ulrtv", r'rJ i" pry t" ,l. r".iri r.lir.
(must) What would happen?
Peter. . late. I can't see
him anywhere.
6 She might be asleep. (perhaps)
asreep.
Big ideas 57
 WWrhe bold adjectives are in the wrong 3 ffi Listen to the dialogue and choose
sentences. Match them with the correct sentences. the correct answers.
My neighbour is a very sympathetic person. He The presenter savs it isn't easy to find positive
always helps others. lcina young People
,,---
/qstorg).
1 Philip is so thoughtful. He always plans things 1 Dr Hook is a historian /hero.
carefu lly. 2 She feels that in general we are / aren't very
2 The woman jumped into the water to save the happy about what's happening in the world.
child. I think that was clever. 3 Dr Hook would like to hear more stories about
3 They always buy expensive presents. They're very famous / ordinary people.
heroic. 4 Dr Hook talks about a website / bookwith stories
4 He invited the new student to his birthday party. about oositive role models.
He's very organized. 5 Thousands / Hundreds of people have shared
5 She's very kind. She doesn't need people to tell stories about their heroes.
her how good she is. . ..
.
6 The presenter says he knows about / has met
6 You're a generous boy. l'm sure you will pass all Malala Yousafzai.
your exams
7 People like to tell her their problems because she 4 ffiffi Listen again and complete the
is so confident. poster.

2 g5*W Read Freya's conversation with her

grandmother, Sue. Complete the adjectives. Then
listen and check.
Freya 5o, tell me about Crandad. How did you
first meet?
Sue Well, one morning on my way to work, I
The myhero.com ytp.b-,ile. . is now
dropped my purse. He saw it and returned . yeors old!
it to me. So I immediately knew he was an
Help us to celebrote!
honest man.
Shqre your stories of heroism by:
Freya And he became a policeman afteryou got
married. didn't he? You need to be . moking o 2

''b to do a iob like that.

o picture
Sue Yes. He often caught criminals. He was very
2h . He was also 3 f
.wrifing on 1
because he treated everyone equally. Every yeqr we hove o film . ond
Freya And what was he like at home? we give 6 for heroism.
Sue He was always giving me presents. He was
averyag .andst . .
YaXee psx* *xe tke meXe&Ke*&sm ewd Xeexm
man. He wasn't very 6 p . a&sae& *ks kexnss s$ exxx **xme!
,
though - he hated waiting for things!

Write three or four sentences about a

person who has shown two or more of the qualities
below. What did they do and what was the result?

Sroig. braye, .&inl patiept

l4v. .danse- teachq:r- hag.beon b-ath pafipnI .and ki:nd, 9be

gave me- p_xlra plassgs^ and nlw .l fgel .n.of o cantident ....

58 Big ideas
1 W Complete the table with the words. 3 ffiI Write sentences that are true for you using
the second conditional. Use short forms.
if loved rained ran would (x2) you find a lost wallet /take it to the police
wouldn't (x2) ff I fptfl-d a lsst wzllat, lld t-ake-i! to.the.paliQe_.. .. .. .. .

1 you go to the party / have fun

past simple would + verb
he1......... he2 ....... there is a cha rity event in you r town / help out
faster, win the race.
would + verb tI past simple
3 your friend
3 ... ............ moves to a different town / visit him
| . if it4.. ...
go out
4 il; ;;;;il;;; ;,;;k; I ;;t ;;;i;"; ;;;
lf you 5 . . . me, would you tell me?
Would you pass your exams if you studied?
Yes, l6 ./No, 17. .....................
5 there is a new student in your class / talk to her

2 eW Correct the words.

lf there wstntddtrbe so many wars, there would be 4 re Complete the dialogue using the correct
less poverty. woren't form ofthe verbs in brackets.
1 They would feel better if they would get more Joel Have you heard of a website called Bucket
exercrse. List? lt's for making a list of the things that
2 What did you write about if you had your own you want to do in your life.
blog? .. .
Alba No. I always thought if I tned (try) to
3 lf the charity campaigned more, they raised more write a bucket list, I I (find) it
money. difficult.
4 She wouldn't work as a police officer if she Joel I guess it would depend on how long your
wouldn't be brave. list was. lf there (be)only a
5 lf I were you, I was more patient with people. few activities, it 3 ........ . (be) easy.
Alba But if you (can) have as many
6 lf you would have more money, would you go as you liked, that (take) longer!
travelling? Joel Yeah, that's true. Anyway, the site is great.
Alba |6. .......... (look)at it if |7 . ........ ..
(have)time. But I'm really busy. So, what's on
your list? Skydiving? Climbing Mount
Kilimanjaro?
Joel I'm nottellingyoulYou ... (see) it
if you e . (go) on the website!
Alba Oh, all right, then! Cive me the address!
5 W Write your own bucket list with four things
you'd like to do before you get old. lmagine how you'd
feel and what would happen if you did the activities.
lld..lave tp.dv.pat A{slraliais .Qrpa!.Far.r:.p-r..Rp.e-f-,lld spe-..... ...

hundreds of tishi:t lwe-nt there ,.,

Big ideas 59
 ? ffiWffiffi ffi Read and listen to Duncan's article. 3 Read the article again and choose the
Choose the correct answer. correct answers.
The article is about... What was Luke Cameron's first good deed?
a kind things different people did in a year a to be generous and thoughtful
b someone who did kind things for a year b to serve a shoo assistant
c how we can be kind to other people this year Qto wish a shop assistant 'Happy New Year'
1 Which deed does the article not mention?
a helping old people
b buying food for friends and colleagues
Can we change the world c giving money to strangers
with kindness? Perhaps! ' ,
2 Why did Luke create a website?
a to record everything he did
posted by Duncan Cooke on 14th April 'l '
b to get a new job
What have you done today that could make the world a c to become famous
better place? lf someone asked me this, I would honestly 3 How did Luke help other people?
have to say'Nothing.' Perhaps, like most of us, you
would answer the same. But not Luke Cameron, f rom
a he only spent money on them
Gloucestershire, in England, who decided to improve the
b he spent money as well as time
world around him, one kind acLion at a time. c he spent time, but not much money
4 What's Luke's job now?
In a year-long project, Luke did one generous, thoughtful
a he creates websites
thing a day - 365 good deeds in all. He made it easier by
starting small on 1'-.January, when he wished the shop
b he writes about charities in The lndependent
assistant who served him a'Happy New Year'. He moved on c he suggests ways to raise money for charity
to buying food for homeless people and baking cakes for
friends. He also supported his elderly neighbours by taking
out their rubbish. To celebrate the last day of the year, he
4 Answer the questions. Which sentence in
ffiffiffiffi
the article tells you the answer?
gave away t365, in [5 notes, to strangers in his local town
centre. Doyou think Duncan does many good deeds?
Np,he doss.n"f, if woufd hqne-ltjv ha\ts.!p.say llNotftirglll.
Luke created a website, thegooddeeddiary.com, to keep
record of all the thlngs he did. During the year, he spent
a
1 How often does Duncan think people do kind
over [3,000 on other people - sometimes buying gifts or
things for others?
meals, sometimes donating money or clothes to charity. He
also gave up his time to hqlp
people and become theii frie nd, 2 Why does Duncan say Luke started small?
Luke's kindness made him
famous, and by the end of
the year, his story was in lhe 3 What did Luke do on 31't December?
ndependent newspaper. Now,
I

he's got a fantastic new job,

advising charities about how
Does Duncan believe that spending money is the
to raise money and help other
people. Luke hoped that his
only way to be kind?
story mighL encourage people to
be kinder. What do you think?

5 ffiffi VocABUtARYPtUs Completethe sentences

A ffi the article quickly and find these
Scan using the correct form of benefit, reward and award.
dates and figures. What are they? Writeverb or noun.
14th April t}ta day Durcanls artialpvtent srlins He won several awards for his acting.
1 365 1 The money will . charity. .

2 1't January 2 There's a f50

3 f365 3We her first prize.
4 t5 ..... 4 Exercise has health
5 f3,000 5 They his hard work.

50 Big ideas
[anguage point: Contrasting ideas
1 W Order the words to make phrases for
contrasting ideas. Include capital letters and
commas where necessary.
in/l/ favour /am/of
I aminfavour of
1 the / hand / on / other
lf euery one had to do communiNy seruice, iL woald b e
2 am /l /for possibleto completre alol of charity Proiects', .0....'.
lo expect all young people Lo workfo-r free for a yq4(
I 'tri'li f ^," f i" ].. ,, , many pecple mighl feel unhappy ab-ouL
workingwithoutpay.2,if everyonehadto
hand / on /the /one do Nlhe service. iL t;c -t'a. ?e fair.3. ,,,, ,,, , ptojecLs.
IhaN encourage 5t.c. ter connections beNween Ihe
not / /
| in / of / am f favour young and old or the r' :- ar d. poor in lhe coryry;pniNy.
more sociai a'c c'a:-'ical skllls for all lhe
,G
:ll::::1i

Correct the sentences. :, ?9o?le who t'ake par>.

rl::l::l:a -''
5 q|nnc.r.:-a
I wo|lA aea cf Nalional
""YY" '
l:::i:lrl
On the first hand, lthink we should spend more .

money on education. CommuniNy )ervice.6 .',-at:lthinkbolh

0n the, pnp
*
young people and the:: cc- -'-:'.e3 uouldbenefiN
haf4 | think wz shot4l| Spend mare rnlney 0n
education. fromit.
1 lt is for cheaoer books for students.

2 On the other side, it's important to help.

3 r;; ';ii;;;;J or'.r''oor ,niio,.'

4 | am contrary to higher taxes on food.

5,;i;;uo,,io,.*t',1"'|""'

a On the other hand

b Allthings considered
c But is it right
d On the one hand
e The main reason for this
f I am in favour of
g It could also lead to

t$srt,ion1..the,ltolli

in their communities.

Big ideas 61
 VOCABt"ltp,RY Verbs: taking action LANCUACE FOCUS esn { may I migkt /
1 Complete the verbs for the definitions.
cawld; must f can'tl perhaps
1 stop something from being allowed 3 Choose the correct answers.
b 1 Annie could win later.
2 suggest a plan p a She may do this in the future.
3 speak or act against something you don't agree b She was able to do this in the past.
with p 2 Perhaps they're away.
4 organize activities to try to achieve something a They might be away in the future.
c., b They could be away now.
5 provide help s 3 Online petitions can spread very quickly.
6 give money, clothes, etc. to charity d .... .. ..
a This is often true.
7 helpatanorganizationorcharityv ... ... b This may happen in the future.
8 write your name on a document to show you 4 Andy hasn't called, so he must be at work.
agree with what it says s. ... .
a He has to go to work.
b He's obviously working now.
I can talk about suggestions for change.

,.,,," MY EVAT UATTON -ft ?l l:..: s: I can talk about possibility in the present and future.

MY EvALUAfloN ,s t* {*',s
READING Being kind
VCIEABLITARY AND LISTENING PCTSONAI
Z Complete the sentences with the correct verb or
noun form of oword, reward or benefit. qualities
1 Andrew received a I an . .. .
for beingthe 4 ffi Listen to Molly and her grandma. Complete
best volleyball player of the season. the sentences.
2 I'm sure you will . greatly from doing
1 Mollythinkssheissympathetic, .. ... ,
this course.
..., Senerous ano . .
3 Meeting new people is one of the ... of
.
..
travelling.
2 Molly's grandma thinks she's very
because she always plans her activities.
4 Our class did well in thp exams, so the head
teacher . us with a longer lunch 3 Mollythinks Ruby is
break.
4 Molly's grandma remembers that Molly was
last yea r.
5 The jury decided to two first prizes
in the drawing competition.
5 Accordingto Molly, Katniss Everdeen is
6 l'm offering af2O to the person
6 Molly's grandma says that Molly isn't
who finds my cat.

I can scan a text to locate information.

I can understand people talking about qualities they
IV1YEVALUATION ###ffi
tulY EVALUAnoN {S # {,* iid}

6? Big ideas
TANGUAGE FOCUS Second conditional WRITINC A discui*i6h'.ll€3itr'..,..,,,.'.....,',.,...,',,...,,'.,...,,,,'..i,,.,'..,,,,.'.,.
5 Complete the second sentence so that it means the 7 nead thi opinion essay and complete the sentences
same as the firrst sentence. with fragments a-e.
1 lt's hot, so we're drinking cold water.
We wouldn't be drinking cold water

2 lt isn't raining, so I'm not wearing a coat.

lf it was raining, ',LLTEENAqEKt
3 Clara isn't at school because she's ill.
lf Clara wasn't ill.
. . .. .
OULD W/KK.
He's a student, so he hasn't got a job.
HeU have ajob
She can'ttextyou because she's busy.
She could textyou
Anton can't hearyou because he's asleep.
e@
lf Anton wasn't asleep,
We don't have enough time to visit another lf oll teenogers worked, they would leorn lo spend
muSeum. money more corefully. t
hove o iob?
lf we had more time. 2 they not only eorn money, bul lhey olso
leom new skills. At work, young people hove to be
I can talk about impossible and unlikely situations in responsible ond cooperole wiih others. This gives
the present. them voluoble experience for the future.
MY EVALUATION t is educqlion. Studenls hove lo do homework,
'
reod books ond wrile easoys. Besides, o lol of young
people do extrocuniculor oclivities in lhe offernoons,
SPHAKIIUG Supporting a point of view sttdt os sporfs or longuoge closses. lt might be loo
dtollenging for one person to work ond sfudy of lhe
6 Complete the conversation with the words. There some time.
are two extra words. to get o iob, bul only if they hove enough time,
olwoys come first.
better healthier make problem reason
suppose survey worse
Katy Excuse me, do you have a moment to help
with alme ? o On fhe other hond, lhe most imporlonl thing
Usain What's it about? b All things considered, I would encouroge teenogers
Katy lt's about junk food-We want the c
d
But is il righl lo force oll young people lo
However, schoolshould
government to 2 it more
e On lhe one hond, when feenogers hove o iob,
expensive.
Usain More expensive? Why? lsn't it
if food is cheaoer?
Katy No, it isn't. Junk food is unhealthy. The I can contrast ideas and give my opinion.
main a for making it more
expensive is to make people buy
MYEVALUATION .. " :

., cheaper food.
Usain |6. . you're right. OK; l'll answer
your questions.

I can give reasons to support my opinions.

MY rvALUAfiCIN isj i* ti ts;

Big ideas 53
 W Find eight more film and book genre ffiffi$W Choose threefilm and book genres that
words in the wordsearch. each person would like. There are two genres you
don't need.
A N I M A T o N K P

B S n W L c o I s o R
a€ti€rl dramas fantasy graphic novels
manga romance science fiction thrillers
o H
F\ R I M E X B M Z

o D R o T U z A P U
Real life is boring! | prefer
E R o M A N c E K F S Y exciting films with fast cars',:
K A L E D Y o N W C I D and fighting. l've got a big
colrlection of comics,, and'
M N D V D Y E c E C o :

I love crime, mystery and

U A E \YI E R E S A E
super,hero stories. Robots,, '.
A T c P N U o T D L T and aliens aren't really my
thing.
R o E T X P W U U N E

E o E A U K o X R D H
r
L T H R L L R c o
S A E c E H o R R o R I

Which two words can you use to describe films, but

not books?

#wffi
L &*s*ffi Match the plot with a film and / or book
genre.

Louren's familg is mooing fo a different ciry. Ahil ail( her

nea neigh\ours and school 6e like? drama .

1 Can 5uperman save lhe city again in this new book?

.r
^ Answer the questions. Write complete
sentences.
2 People are disappearing from the town, but can
the detectivefind outwhy? Which film genres do you most enjoy? Why?
- -
I ls.vE agmedies and anlmation because thgy' rg f !111.
1 Who a re you r favou rite actors? What types of
3 What happens w/ten robok become more intel/igent films have they been in?
than humans?

ln a strange land, one child uust use her vlagic t0 save ililiil;;;;;';;you think are better atthe
her people. cinema than on TV? Whv?

A garg colows Ja-es Fro-lt|i- acrase 5x cov"rles, ay cor,

ahia anA ha irnalar Which film or book genres do you dislike? Why?

which film genres ,houtJ children

""i
*riJ.l

64 On screen
I gW Complete the table with the words. SfT Rewrite the sentences using the passive.
Start each sentence with the words in bold.
am-++et are given isn't shown
1 They didn't pay the actors on time.
was weren't

2 Someone broke these plates in the restaurant.

tubject i be (present) past participfe
be (pastl
3 We don't speak Russian in this shop.
I i am/ amnot . . helP.

was / wasn't
You /We / \'z / !u . ........ {r\ms. 4 They d\dntte\\ Nmy aboutth\s\
You / They aren't
were /
He/She/lt ,:,' ithere. 5 They give specialvisitors a blue ticket.

I
;;;;;i
4 ffifI Complete the blog post with the correct
W Write sentences using the present or past form oftheverbs in brackets.
passive.
This film / make / in New Zealand lastyear (past)
Thig,.film was nade in New Zealand llst yuf ,
1 Many films /download / every day (present)

The actors / not tell / the plot until the first day
of work (past)
fifm. So in2O12.three

Actors / not allow /to talk about the films until

they are released (present)

4 Film stars / know / all around the world (present)

All the food on the set / eat / by t\e workers

(past)

Some critics / pay /to write good reviews of the 5 ffiW Write about a TV programme that you
films (past) like. Use the present and past passive forms of the
verbs or your own ideas.

award base / set play show watch

It wgs made in thg- USA .,,

On screen 55
 1 WChoosethecorrectword. S W Listen to four people talking
Jennifer Lawrence@Ei) / directsThe Hunger about their favourite book or film when they were
Gamesfilms. teenagers. Complete the table.
1 Peter Jackson is one of the most successful film
directors / nominations in the world. rgrr" il
-t Title I
I ae" ll:l:
Book / Film
2 The Fault in Our Stars film was adapted / written
Les The Outsiders book
from a book by John Creen.
3 The film Titanic was nominated / starred for Angela Stand by Me
fourteen Oscars, and won eleven awards.
4
4 The original SpiderMan graphic novelwas Sean Romeo and Juliet
awarded / written by Stan Lee. Caroline 6
The Lord of the Rings
5 Katharine Hepburn was adapted /awardedfour
Oscars in her acting career.
5 Actor / Nomination Leonardo DiCaprio won an
4 ffiffiW W which speaker makes each
comment? Write L (Les), A (Angela), S (Sean) or C
Oscar in 20,|6.
(Caroline). Then listen again and check.

A Complete the review with the correct

My brother gave it to me. L

noun or verb form of the words in exercise 1.

1 lwas surorised that I liked it.
2 One of the actors died not long after.
3 l've only ever had one favourite book. ... .

Life of Piis a novel which was written by Yann Martel, lt was

4 | read it manytimes.
the Booker Prize for best novel when it was
5 lt was well directed. .. ..

flrs1:,0ublished,:but it was only

2
into a film ten
6 The stars of the film were veryyoung.
yeais.l,laier SurajSharma, the
ti,:1f,,.r.,rarr,',.,,, ,.. .. of the film, was almost unknown; the role of
5 ..
ffi Interview a parent or grandparent about
Pi:P.ate|,was his first major film projeci. Film . a book or film they enjoyed when they were young.
Ang Lee made a beautiful, funny and sad film which looks Take notes, and write a short description of the
incredible in 3D. lt got seven ,0scar 6. ., and won book or film. Include this information:
four of the awards, making it Lee's most successful film. . how they felt about the book / film and why
. how old they were when they read / saw it
. when it was written / made
. the main characters / actors
. the writer / director
FIy g:randnalstavpq:n:tefilln ry4s lla mqsio-al The 9aund of
Mt'tsio, tl was npde- iyl lq65 erd ghg was sixlesn u'lhen she
saw it at tfte oinama, The s.toY made hef teel bpth sad and
happyandshelsvp-d:lhp-nue_ip.Thenainohara.qter,l4aria,
is playsd Dy J (li e. An dr ews., TXe t-iln w as dir e ct e d bV
Robart Wise.

56 On screen
1 W Order the words to complete the table. rc Read the poster for the Hightown Village
Film Festival. Write questions for the answers. Use
the film /is / where / set
1 made / are /what / of / they the correct past passive form ofthe verbs.
2 the book / was / by I who / written
call choose direct ffi' organize
3 they / when / born / were
sell show
4 surprised / you / are
5 paid / the actor / was w h e-re .was.th e .t e:sJ.ival .h el d.?. ln Hightown Village.
1

'The Summer of Love'.

2
Twenty-five.

At Hightown Village Hall.

nf il" vrf a.t

Billy and Olivia Hartlef

At local shoos.

Wffi Complete the dialogue with questions using

the present and past passive.
Chris Do you fancy seeing the latest Leo Turner
2 rc Complete the questions using the correct film? lt's on at the cinema tonight.
form ofthe verbs in brackets. Abby Oh! (What / it / call /?) Whatisit caltled?
Where . wgr-Q you gwen those special Chris TheTenth Day,lthink Here's a review. lt says
tickets? (give) it's a historical drama.
1 . .. advertsusually Abby '(When / it / set /?)
I'm not sure how lfeel about historicalfilms.
the films? (show)
2 Which prize .... . . his most popular novel
Chris Er, the 1940s. lt says here it's based on a
novel by lrving Brent.
. ? (award)
3 When ...your parents . . . ?
Abby Oh, I love his stuff. '?(Who / the film / adapt / 7)

(marry)
4 How manyfilms each year in the
Chris Kyle Adams.
USA and Canada? (make)
Abby 3(it / direct / him /too / ?)
5 . .... thefilm...... ....... in 3D?
it *m. so, ilvou /
(release)
chris Yes, inl.r.tt in coming / ?)

5 Who . .the main character

by? (play)
Abby Yes, I am! But I'm busytonight.

lmagine you are going to interview a star

about his / her latest film. Write five questions using
the present and past passive.
This year, our festival theme is
|s lhc fil:n basBL qx a tr(-a- stotY?
'The Summer of Love'. We've
chosen twenty-five fantastic films
for you to enjoy! Watch them at
Hightown Village HaII Festival.
Director: Alice Valdez
Organizers: Billy and Olivia Hartley

On screen 67
 nW W to the blog post.
Read and listen 3 Readthe blog post again. Writetrue,folse
What is the writer's main argument? Choose the or don't know if the blog post doesn't mention it.
correct answer. Correct the false sentences.
a Making books is cheaperthan makingfilms. 1 The writer often prefers the book.
b People who don't read books arelazy.
c You use your imagination more when you read. The writer would like to enjoy film adaptations of
novels more,

The writer thinks the Twilight and Harry Potter

films are fantastic.

The writer thinks some film adaptations were

created too cheaply.

The writer often watches the films with friends

before reading the novels.
say this as they'rer

,the,ryears, I've tried to get excited about filrn
of novels. And there have been lots of
,on.es,fs,91oose from: The HunglBr Games,
,:Per,cy Jackson and the Olympians,
T.wilight and Harry Polter
arllgunt of money
4 Correct the main ideas for paragraphs A-E
using your own words.
A There have been one or two film versions of
popular books, and they were exciting.
There have bep.n lots of filn wr$iqns of popglar books,,
buI I didnlt get expilad absut thgtu.
B The films are much better than the way I

imagined the stories in my head.

C I use my imaginati"r r f r*rilf.r a film.

"i*fr.n

Watching a film before reading a book doesn't

make me enjoythe book less.

e ri;' uo'injio *,itto i;;;; ;i;t b;i;;;

'".inj
ii
on Screen.

A ffiW Read the blog post again. Tick (y')three

more sentences which are true about the tone and 5 WffiffiffiffivocABULARy pLUs Replace the bold
intention ofthe text. phrases with the words.
The author reads and goes to the cinema a lot. V classic extraordinary terrible unbelievable
1 lt has an informal style. T
2 lt tries to give the same number of 1 This book has an extremely unusual plot.
arguments for and against a statement. T
3 lt's stating opinion more than facts. t: 2 The special effects were not at all like real life.
4 lt gives advice to the reader. T
5 lt suggests that a film has to be expensive 3 These brilliant, old films have many fans.
to be interesting. u
5 lt makes the author's opinion very clear. t*l 4 These old horror films have some very bad acting
in them.
58 On screen
gW Look at the pictures of a festival. What
type of festival do you think it is?
Read the review again and complete the

trrii:"""""""

'iHCt Fe;tinei
:i:l:l
""""""'-
leTH
U
l ilv
UVLI
:
:

I'd like to talk about a festival I went to recenfly.

It's called Hay Festival, and it's held in
Hay-on-Wye for ten days every May.
Hay is an unusual town, with nearly
thirty bookshops, and its festival is all
about literature and the arts. Authors.
journalists and political and cultural speakers
are invited to give talks. Durlng the festival,
the town is visited by 250,000 people
The festival was started around thirty years
ago by a father and son. Recently, other
international locations have been added,
and there are now nine Hay Festivals
around the world. The modern festival is
a mixture of literature, films, music
and children's events.
This year's festival staned
comedians, worldJamous novelists
and grealjazz acts. The thing I liked most
about the festival was its relaxed atmosohere. All
in all, l'd recommend Hay to anyone who
loves reading and ideas.
:""""""""'
iliTl ::1 ::T :f lif:::iY?!:l?T: i
gWffi the review in exercise 3 and complete
Read
the middle column of the table.

H:I frry fertiuai i _y:uf.lle,:tlvar I i

1 Type arts and

2 Location
3 Month
,* Dq.:.ation
5 Events
6 Visitor:
Founded
7 When?
8 Who by?
9 | like

0n screen 59
 6ge@ Ineedtotrythisagain. @€eO lamhappvwiththis'

6SO@ I could dothis better. I g OO I can do this very well.

\t0CeBUtARV Film and book Senres LANGUAGE F0CUS Present and Past
passive: affiYmative amd negative
1 Complete the film and book words and solve the
mystery word. 3 Choose the correct words.
1 This film was awarded I awarding/ won two
Osca rs la st Yea r.
2 This type of Blu-ray disc don't lisn't/ aren't sold
in the U K.
3 Manyactors unemployed /don'temploy I
are unemPloYed most of the time. ,
4 She didn't / wasn't / weren't given a role in the
newfilm.
5 lndependent films don't show f aren't show /
aren't shown in a lot of cinemas.
6 The first Harry Potter book was rejected by /
from lof many publishers before it was
successfu l.
1 film about difficult relationships
2 exciting film with new experiences and places I can talk about films using the passive in the present
3 exciting film that can be scarY past.
4 the police tryto catch criminals MY EVALUATION iili # {} W
5 there is often fighting, cars and guns
6 it's difficult to know what's happened
7 the actors sing and dance
8 love storv VOCABUTARY AND LISTENING Films and
9 film about unrealworlds and characters
Mystery word: bosks: verb$ and nouns
4 ffi Listen to a lesson about films. Choose the
I can discuss different types of films and books. correct words.
1 Ben likes science fiction books which were
written I popular a longtime ago.
Ben wants to see how the director / actor
REAOISIG Film trivia blog presents the world in the future.
Ben likes / doesn't like watching films which
A Complete the sentences with the missing words' were adapted from a book he's read before.
1 My new school is h---. There are three separate Katie says actors become great lfamous when
buildings and about eighty classrooms. they're the winner of an award or when they
2 | read an i----- story about a girlwho receive an Oscar nomination.
sailed around the world. 5 Katie doesn't want to see the same actors /
3llovec n ove s like O I ive r Tw i st.
I directors allthe time.
4 He's a t--------l- actor. I don't understand why 6 Tom thinks stars in Hollywood / foreign films
people like him. look like supermodels.

I can identify the opinion of the author of a text. I can ask and answer questions about films and books'

MY EVALL'Afl0N ** #: # 6} MY EVAr.uAiloN *; # # i&}

70 On screen
TANGUAGE FOCUS Present and past WRITING Film or bosk l,e*iew'
passive: questions 7 Read the book review and complete the text with
5 Write passive questions about the information in the words.
bold.
about because directed in liked
1 They showed this film at the Lincoln Cinema. mixture recommend talk were
2 A French company made these film cameras.

3 They teach film direction at this school.

Yes, this film scares audiences.

She wrote this book last year.

ir-.'.v r.ir ,u"rt io,ooo lopi"t obout o TV miniseries I

"y.r. . The White Queen. It wos
Kent fomie Poyne ond Colin
I can ask questions using the passive in the present Cousins' W'arbooks,
gnd past. by Philippo Gregory.
MY EVALUATION F

ir. It's 5
the lives
for the British throne
:three main chorocters ore
SPEAKING Recommending and expressimg ldo onything to ochieve
prefe!'ences
,most obout the series
6 Complete the dialogue with the words. There are The costumes ore
two extra words.
ond lodies. I enjoyed it
about fan into on orefer rather going bock in time. It's the
something stars
hod!
Blake What do you fancy doing? The White
Cheryl Howr. ....
downloadingafilm? :likes historicol films. I'd
Bf ake All right. What about Love, Rosie? h: you won't be oble to -stAp
Cheryl That sounds like a romantic comedy. l'm the whole series!
not really that kind of thing.
Blake Well, you might 3 Rogue One: A
Star Wars Story. I can identify and use details to support ideas.
Cheryl lt's popular, but lU prefer to MY EVALUATION
see4...... morebelievable.
Blake I fancy Race.lt's a drama and it
. Steohan James.
Cheryl ld 5
Yes, . . watch that. too.
Blake Creat!

I can recommend films and books and say which ones

prefe,r,,
, ',li:l,,:.:
" :"
MY EVATUATION

On screen 7L
 CUMIJLATI&{€ R€W[€bd * Starter - Unit 3

Speaking Listening
1 look at the photo below. What are they doing? Are 4 W Listen to a radio programme with a chef,
you good at this? Daniel Nold. Choose the correct answer.
What doesn't Daniel Nold do at the moment?
a teach cooking b work in a restaurant
Reading c sell books about desserts
e Read a competition entry. What did Matt learn
during his course? 5 W Listen again and choose the correct words.
Daniel Nold organizes cookery courses for
teenagers and adults / restaurant cooks.
2 Daniel's book will be about smell / taste.
3 People sometimes say their food is great or
delicious / disgusting.
Daniel and his cooks /students organize taste
sessions in his restaurant.
Learning about flavour / texture helps people to
cook better.
i Af l about the desserts! by MattWalker
I 'l took part in a ,' ' r-
6 You don't pay / pay for Da niel's sessions. L

I wonderful cooker:y: '

," '
,

,.'cou.rsewherie'.] ..'..
Writing
;,.,lea',tned io, pl,slpipq''l
I
'
desserts from different
countries. l'm sure
6 A TASK Write a competition entry about a course
I it is,;ne of the best,' ,
you have done.
i cookei.y - r.ses,ihrihe
:r::
" world.Whv?''ii
i
B THINK AND PLAN
i Eu.rv dav. we were
I busy leaining from
1 What kind of course was it? Where was it?
i morning to night. First; Who was it for?
; we all ,had,bt eakfax,,'During this time;burtea€hers tElked 2 What did you learn there? What were the
I about the day's delicious d6sserts. Then we made everything classes like?
I from strudel to sundaes and baklava to baked Alaska. lt was 3 What made this course special?
. absolutelv amazinq!
i I really loved all thJ kitchen gadgets, too, such as the ice cream
i machine. We made three different types of gelato and I felt like C WRITE Use the text in exercise 2 and the writing
i. a real chel especially in my baggy wAite shift and patterned guide.
trousersl
: f we normally talked about what makes a
"-,n"""""nings,
I dessert delicious;'"Eai1ng',is,,a:,rrnt6lti:sensa,1y experience where ,

;sight,sme||and1qLlgh'!'1e'€5.'!mpo]rh]niaita!te.

3 Read the competition entry again. Complete the

sentences.
1 You can win a trip to Rome when you write about
an. . course you did. Did you know...
2 During . the teachers talked about there are university ice cream making courses,for
what desserts to make that day. example at the University of Reading in the UK?
3 Matt learned howto use different kitchen Find out where the Carpigiani Celato University
like the ice cream machine. is and what courses it offers.
4 ln the kitchen. some chefs wear
shirts and trousers.
5 Matt tried to find out what makes a dessert

72 CUMUTATIVE REVlEhl . Starter - Unit 2

 CUMUtATIV€ R€WlCtn! 'Stanter - t.fnit 4

Speaking Listening
4 W Listen to zara and her dad talking about
their hiking trip. Which three words do they not
mention?
1 jacket . 5 damage
2 volcano 6 set off.. ...

3 falls ... 7 waterproof

4 waves 8 natural ... ....

5 Offi Listen again and write true orfalse.

1 Zara's dad has already read her email. . .

2 Zara's dad has found a place for a hike in the

X took at the photo. What is each object for? Do you SUmmer.
use any of them?
Tara's plan is to hike across the valleys and
mountains in lceland.
Reading The hiking trail is sixty-five kilometres long.

7, Read a product review. What didn't Mark like about Tara has recently bought a special water bottle.
the product at first? a

Zara'sfamily haven't saved enough money to buy

everything they want.

Writing
5 A TASK lmagine you have bought a new piece of
equipment for a hike in the mountains. Write the
lf you travel to places whene thene isn't any clean waten,
review.
this is a penfect bottle fon you! lt uses UV light t0 remove
99.99%o of baclenia and vinuses from any kind of waten,
B THINKAND PLAN
even riven waten, lt's useful duning all outdoon adventures
like hiking on climbing. I found it neally light to canry and
1 What is it? What does it do? Why is it special?
easy r0 use. 2 What doyou like about it?
The biggest advantage is that you don't buy waten in
3 What is the biggest disadvantage of this
plastic bottles anymone! Appanently, people handly ever product?
recycle them and billions of them pollute oun lakes and
seas. So this punifying water bottle helps you protect the C WRITE Use the text in exercise 2 and the writing
environment. guide.
The only pnoblem is the price, I think f100 is a lot, but
I decided it would be worth il. I've been using it fon four'
months now and I've slopped buying bottled dninks. I think
l'm even saving moneyl
::::,arl r.',1;:::.,:l::l::l::a::1.::llalll,

3 Read the product review again. Correct the

sentences.
1 The bottle uses heat / light to remove bacteria
and viruses. Did you know...
2 lt's light / heavy to carry when hiking or climbing. skyrunning is a type of sport which involves
3 Mark likes the fact that when you use this bottle, running in the mountains above 2,ooo metres?
you recycle / reduce pollution.
Find out what tower running is.
4 At first Mark thought the bottle was cheap /
expensive.

CUMULATIVE REVIEW . StArtEr - UNit 4 73

 CUMULATIVE REVICW . Starter - Unit 6

Speaking Listening
X look at the photo and answer the questions. 4 W Listen to Mike talking to his mum. Complete
Where are they? How much time do you spend the sentences.
studying every day? 1 Mike's is coming to visit him.
2 Patrick lives in
Reading 3 Patrick is going to stay for weeks.
..

? Read the reflective email. How many lessons a day 5 W Listen again and write M for Mike or P for
Patrick.
1.. doesn't live in Canada.
2.. has got six weeks of summer holiday.
3 has got a longer summer holiday.
4 has got a lot of breaks during the school
HiAiden, yea r.

How are you? l've just
started a new school
year and there are some
changes at our school.
Our head teacheri Mrs
Davis, has introduced a longer school day. Last year we
had six lessons every day, but this year we've got eight!
I suppose this change might bring some benefits.'Mrs
Davis hopes that it will give everyone a chance to get
better grades, as we've now got more time to practise.
l'm not 100% sure about that, but I can see that more
lessons means less homeworkl
Mrs Davis also hopes that more students will be able to
develop their interests. She believes that extra lessons
will replace after-school classes that not everyone can
afford. Next week, we'll be choosing one new subject
for the afternoon class and I wonder what I shourq
choose. Maybe dancing?
Bye for now,
Alex
5 misses his friends in the summer.
6.... must do lots of homework in the summer.
Writing
6 A TASK lmagine that your school has decided to
change the duration of lessons. They will now last
for ninety minutes each. Write a reflective letter to
your friend and talk about this change.
THINK AND PLAN
B
1 What has changed in your school? How long are
the lessons in your school now and how long
were they before?
What do you think the advantage of longer
lessons is? What benefits do your teachers think
it will have?
3 What do you not like about this change?
4 Speculate about the future ofthis change. Do
you think it will last? Say why or why not.
WRITE Use the text in exercise 2 and the writing
guide.

3 Read thetext again. Match 1-5 with a-e.

1 The length ofa school
day has
2 Mrs Davis hopes that
the changes will
3 Alex doesn't have to
4 A longer school day
5 Alex doesn't know
will allow students to
take up new classes.
what new class to
cnooSe.
changed in Alex's
school.
do so much Did you know...
homework now. the longest lesson at school lasted seventy-eight
improve grades. hours and three minutes?
Find out where the biggest school in the world is
and how many students attend it.

74 CUMULATIVE REVlElnl . Starter - Unit 5

 CUMULATNUE REttl€kl . Starter - Unit I
Speaking Listening
4 W Listen to Joe talking to a librarian. What type
of films does Joe like?

1 took at the photo. What are the people doing?

5 Offi Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 Joe's teacher has given them special
Reading homework.
A Read a discussion essay. Why do many people prefer 2 Joe thinks. . ..... ... . ..... . stories aren't interesting.
watching films to reading books? 3 Joe sometimes watches allthe films that were
made by the same
4 The librarian thinks Joe might like . . . .

or book first? Discuss. novels.

fllm seems like the perfect way to spend an
lmany people prefer it to reading a book. But is Writing
more enjoyable ihan reading?
hand, watching films is amazing because you 6 A TASK Write a discussion essay with the title Film
ith friends and family. You can ail go to the first or bookfirst? Discuss.
:h a fltm togethei at home. Duilg the fllm,
cry at the same moments and afterwards you B THINK AND PLAN
the piot. It's an experience you share. 1 Introduce the topic.
hand, when you read a book, you're moved to 2 Why is it betterto read the bookfirst? Present
You live the lives of the characters and the arguments.
their emotions and experiences. You get so 3 Why iiit better to watch the film first? Present
you just have to keep turning the pages. the arguments.
I can see the benefits oJ both 4 ln your opinion, which is better: watching the
ks and fllms both aim to provide film first or reading the book first?
and they can both turn ordinary life into
ible. C WRITE Use the text in exercise 2 and the writing
guide below.
3 Read the discussion essay again. Correct one word in
each sentence.
1 Watching films is terrible because you do it with
friends.

Whenyou read a book,you mayfeel likeyou're in

a different film.

The author of the essay can see different awards Did you know...
of reading books and watching films. Cinderella is one of the most popular stories
adapted forfilm?
Books and films aim to ban entertainment. List three modern film versions of Cinderella.

CUMUTATIVE REVIEW. Starter - Unit S 75

 LANfrURGA fCIeUS REFEnf NCf 'Starter umit

Time expressions For regularverbs ending in a consonant precededby a

vowel, we double the consonant before adding-ed.

t-,lsage
We use atfortimes of the clock and totalk aboutthe
travel) travelled
For regular verbs that end in -y preceded by a
weekend and night.
consonant, we delete the y and add -ied.
at (about) sevon o'clock
study+ studied
at thaweakend / at nighl
We use on with days of the week and with plurals for lrregular verbs
repeated actions. There are no rules for the formation of irregular verbs.
Sohool starts on Thursday. You have to learn the form whenever you learn a new
Otr Mondays, I go to college. verb. See the list of irregular verbs on page 104.
We use in to talk about a part of the day. Usage
in the norning We use the past simple (regular and irregular verbs)to
No preposition is used before once or every. describe or ask about a completed past action.
onceortwicaaday / every Saturday We saw thefilnyosterday. Did you likeit?
We use the past simple if we know when an action
Present simple and present continuous happened.
We saw the filn on Wednesdav. We didn"t see it on
Usage
Thursday.
We use the present continuous to talk about actions
happening now or to talk about the immediate future.
l{a's staring auI of thewindow now. Object anfl subject questions
l"nhaving lutrch with Tintoday. ln object questions, the question word (What,Who,
We use the oresent simole to talk about routines or etc.) refers to the person or thing that receives the
reoeated actions. action or is the object of the verb.
She eatsfruit every marning. What did vou drink? | drank apple juice.
Note that there are some verbs (stative verbs) which Where didVou go? lwent to the museum.
we don't normally use in the continuous form because We form object questions with an auxiliary verb
they describe states which are true, not actions in and a main verb in the infinitive.
progress. These include: believe, belong, hate, imagine,
Who did you call ?
know, I i ke, I ove and wa nt.
I love your new MP3 player. question auxiliary subject main
word verb verb in the
( = object) infinitive
Past simple

Didlplay? llplayed.
tffi
lldidn'tplay.
ln subject questions, the question word (What,
Who, etc.) refers to the person or thing that does
the action or isthe subject ofthe verb.
Did you play? played. I You didn't play.
| You Who phoned vou? Carl phoned ne.
Didhe / she/itplay? | HeTsneTtt I HeTstre/tt What causedthe accident? TheicV wealher causedil.
played. I didn't play. We form subject questions with a question word
Did we /you /they I we /You / lWe /You / and a main verb. The structure is the same as in an
play? They played. I They didn't affirmative sentence. We don't use auxiliary verbs in
subject questions.
Regular verbE Who painted the Mona Lisa
For most regular verbs, we add -ed. question main verb object
film ) filned word (no auxiliary
For regular verbs that end in -e, we add -d. (= subject) verb)
smilo) smiled

76 TANGUAGE FOCUS. Starter unit

 tAhtGUAGE FOet S pRACTteG n Starrer unit
Time expressions Past simple
I Complete the sentences with the words in the 3 Choose the correct words to make sentences in
box. You can use some words more than once. the past simple.
at every in on once where rs /@/ did he born?
1 'Did you like that meal?' 'yes, I did /liked /
We finish school at 4.00 p.m. was.'
1 They play football Satu rday 2 Maya felt / fell / fallen and hurt her leg.
mornings. 3 He saw / Did he seen / Did he see you?
2 Doyou have breakfast . day? 4 Shane wrote / written / write six emails.
3 | can't sleep very well night. 5 We were / went / been to paris last week.
4 On weekdays, we wake up 6 Where they were / was they f werethey?
6.45 a.m. 7 When did you began /begun /beginyour
5 She does her homework . .the work?
evening. 8 Sam didn't had
6 I try to go swimming
/ have / has much money.
. a week.
7 We sometimes go shopping the Object and subject questions
weekend.
8 . . Sundays, we visit our 4 Read the sentences. Match the questions with the
gra nd pa rents. words in bold. Write a or b.
Clare saw Peter. b.
Present simple and present continuous Clare saw Peter. a
a Who saw Peter?
A Write sentences and questions using the present b Who did Clare see?
simple or present continuous form.
1 Jay gave me this.
lan / usually /have / cerealfor breakfast Jay gave me this.
lan rsually has cerealfor-.bra-akfasl, . a What did tay give you?
1 'you enjoy /thisfilm
/ / ?'
'yes,
f t, b Who gave you this?
2 Diana lives there.
2 we /not like / Indianfood Diana lives there.
a Who lives there?
3 who /he /visit /today / ? b Where does Diana live?
3 They had a party at the beach.
4 'Sara
/ want / a dog / ?' 'No, / she, They had a party atthe beach.
a What happened atthe beach?
5 'what /you / do / now /?' 'I f leave, b Where did they have a party?
4 Cill bought two pairs of jeans.
6 Jorge / not do / much this week Gill bought two pairs of jeans. .. .

a Who bought two pairs of jeans?

? ;;l ;;i ;,il /;ft;;/ i;;il iir,, b How many pairs ofjeans did Gill buy?
5 Sam watched a film.
8 she usually /study /atthe library Sam watched a film.
a What did Sam watch?
b Who watched a film?

TANGUAGE FOCUS . Starter unit 77

 LANGUAGE FOCUS REFERENCT . UNit 1

used to Past simple and past continuous

Usage
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action
Didyou /he / Yes,l f he/she/ | ruo, | / he / she / in the past.
she / it use to live I it used to live in I it didn't use to I want to a concert last Friday.
in the USA? | tfre usR. I live in the USA.
We use the past continuous to talk about an action in
progress in the past.
Usage
What wersyou doing at nine o'clook? | was watching a
We use used to + infinitive when we talk about a habit
sports progranme.
or state in the past which is different now
We use the past continuous and the past simple
My aunt ueedta work in an office.
together when one action interrupts another. We use
She didn't use to have long hair.
the past continuous to talk about the longer action and
the past simple for the shorter action that interrupts
Past continuous it. We usually usewhile with the past continuous and
when with the past simple.
Whila t was watchittg the new quiz show, mY sister turned
Was lwalking? | twaswalking. I lwasn'twalking. otf theTV.
Were you I You were I
You weren't
I was studyin gwhen the phone rang.
walking? lwalking. lwalking.
Was he / she / it I He/sfre/ltwas I He/sne/tt
walking? walking. walking. so and such
| I wasn't
Werewe /you / | weTvou /They I we/vou /They Usage
they walking? | were walking. I weren't walking. We use so or such to emphasize an opinion.
We use so with an adjective.
Usage It's so cheap.
We use the past continuous to talk about actions in We use such with an adjective and a noun.
progress in the past. That is such a cool T-shirt.o
They were filming for threeweeks. Those are suoh nice iackets.

78 LANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 1

 LANGUAGT FOCUS PRACTICE . Unit 1

used to Past simple and past continuous

1 Order the words to make sentences with used to. 4 Complete the dialogue using the past simple or
There is one extra word. past continuous form ofthe verbs in brackets.
used / lived /she / here / to / live Hazel I rAng (ring)you last
S-he used to li:te herq, .. .
night, but you (not
1 didn't /to /they / English / used / speak / use answer). (you / be)
out?
2 use / to / my / used / badminto n / cousin / Leah Oh, l'm sorry. lthink I

play (listen)to music

when you
3 use /eat /to/don't /we /Japanese food / |5 , (not know)you
d id n't .. (want)to talk.
Hazel lt's OK. l7 (have)
4 you / use /study / did /to / ttalian / used /? a question about our homework, but
t8 (phone)Alisha
i nstead.
Tick (r') the three sentences that describe past Leah I e
(think)she
habits or states. Then rewrite the three sentences t0
(see)a film with
using used to. her friends r"rt rif rrii
We lived in this flaLr' Hazel No, she (not be).
W& ussd..to [iva 1p 16ir 61rt. She and her sister 12

1 We didn't come here often. (relax) at home.

Leah Oh. Next time, send me a text message
and then l'll listen out foryour calll
2 When did your brother leave school?
Hazel Thaaks-lwilll
My dad worked at that company.
so and tuch
I met my best friend six years ago. 5 Choose the correct words.
He's such interes" ''*'
ting /q'n'=pguYto talk
5 Was that building a museum? to.
1 l'm so / such sorry for being late.
2 She's so a nice woman / nice.
Past continuous 3 lt was such a cold day / coldthat we decided
not to go out.
3 Correct the mistakes in bold.
4 Are you always such /so busy?
\b$-were chatting online last night?
Were you. chattihg qx11r* Jast ntght?.
5 They were waiting for so long /a long time
that they got a taxi.
1 Sergio was write a text message.
6 We had so / such a good trip that we want to
come back again nextyear.
2 We wasn't playing basketball.

3 Who sitting there?

+ lir' *f;; ;;;;il; il;;;;;

5 They were a party having at their house.

TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 1 79

 IANGI,AG€ FOCUS R€FCRENC€ n UNit ?

Present perfeet: affirmative and negative Present perfect: questions

|/ You have looked. I l've / You've looked. Have l/you chatted? | l/you been?
where have
He / She / lt has looked. I He's / She's / lt's looked. Has he / she / it chatted? I who has he / she / it seen?
We / You /They have looked. I We've / You've / They've Have we /you /they I why have we /you /they
looked. chatted? i stopped?

|/ You have not looked. | | / You haven't looked. Usage

He / She / lt has not looked. I He / She / lt hasn't looked.
We use the present perfect to ask about past
experiences. We sometimes use everin questions to
We/You /They have not lWe/Vou /They haven't
looked. I looked. mean 'at any time in our life until this moment'.
Ilaveyou evor played an lnline gana?

In affirmative sentences, we usually use the short

forms ('ve / 's) after a subject pronoun when we are
Present perfect and past simple
speaking. We use the full forms (have / has) in formal The past simple is used to talk about an action or a
texts. period of time in the past which is finished.
We usually use the short forms (haven't / hasn't)inthe We watched that new music video this afternoon. { lt is ttow
negative for both spoken and written language. We use ovening.)
the full forms (have not / has not) in formal texts. Ile played basketball at twa o'clock. (lla isn't playing
Don't confuse the short form of has ('s) with the short baskatball now.)
form of rs (a lso 's). The present perfect is used to describe events which
started in the past and continue in the present.
Usage
We'vohadthis car tor threoVears. tAndwa'va stillgot it")
We use the present perfect to talk about experiences
You've studied at this schoot sinca 2014. (Aid you'rs still
that we have had or not had at some time in the past.
etudyinghera.l
I've created awebsite.
Different time expressions are used with each form.
lhavan'I visitad that museum"
The past simple uses expressions which pinpoint
We never use the present perfect to talk about an event
specific moments in the past:yesterday,last night, last
that happened at a specific time in the past. We use
week, last year, at six o'clock, etc.
it when the time of the event is not imoortant or not
The present perfect uses expressions which describe
Known.
the point at which an action started or a period of time:
this month, since 2014,for years, etc.
lor and since
We uselforwith the present perfect or the past simple. Intensifiers and adjectives
With the present perfect,for describes the duration
of an action or event which started in the oast and Usage
continues into the present. lt is followedby a period of We can use intensifying adverbs with adjectives to
time:for three months,forfive days, etc. make our English more interesting.
tha'e warked here tor six yaars. And she still wo!'ks We use very with normal adjectives and absolutely with
here.) extreme adjectives.
Ilswarksdherefor threoyears. (But he doasn't work We use reallywith both normal and extreme adjectives.
here now.l very loud /
reallv loud /
abeolutalv loud X
We use since with the present perfect and it tells us very amazing X really arnazing {
absalutolv anazing /
when an action started. lt is followed by a point in
time: since 2014, since May, etc.
9he'slived in this towtr sinca 2014.

80 TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 2

 LANGUAGE FOCUS PRACTICE . Unit 2

Present perfect: affirmative and negative Present perfect and past simple
1 Write sentences that are true for you using the 4 Complete the dialogue using the present perfect
present perfect. or past simple form of the verbs in brackets.
l/write /astory Ana .. Ilalteyp,u e-v-qr..b.o-Qn..... (you / ever f go) to
l.l.ttp- writt gn.
a sJOry. 0R a food festival?
l. havznit- w_f iff, pt! a sJgfy, Tim No,lr (not). In fact,
1 My dad /go /to Russia t1 (never / hear) of
a food festival!
2l/touch/asnake Ana Really? Mytown 3.. .. .

(have) a cheese festival for years!

r1 (go) to it three
3 Mt;;i;;;,' t'i",iti II'eri'r,' ir,'i'v.r' times.
Tim OhlWhen s
(be) the
4 | /watch / afilm today last time?
Ana Last summer.
5 My best friend / read / a Harry Potterbook Tim So, t . .. (you / eat) a lot
of cheese there?
6 My mum /fly /in a helicopter Ana Yes, 17.. (do)l I don't
think I . . (ever / eat) so
e
much cheese! | (eo)
with my cousin. Wero
lor and since (have) a really good time.
? Choose the correct words.
Tim Cood! But don't invite me next time, OK?
Ana Why not?
I've been here since four days /@ Tim I really hate cheese!
1 Paco has known Javier for /
since ages.
2 They've felt ill since a week / last week.
3 l've loved dancing for / since I was a child.
Intensifiers and adjectives
4 Lisa's had a pet cat for / sincethree years. 5 Choose the incorrect word.
5 We've been friends since six months / lune. We had an really /very / absolutely amazing
6 l've played volleyball for / since 2013. time.
1 The views from this window are absolutely
Present pedect: questions wonderful/ spectacular f nice.
2 We saw a very amazing / interesting / long
3 Correct the mistakes in bold.
programme on TV last night.
ttave Abdul seen this film? 3 He was totally furious / sad / exhausted.
tfas Abd(l sz en tliis filw?
4 That was a completely bad /terrible / awful
1 Has ever Natalie eaten sushi? film.

2 Have they went to the USA before?

Janine has gone out?

'Has he bought it?' 'Yes, he's.'

5 Have you lived ever abroad?

6 How long your uncle has been a doctor?

TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 2 81

 LANGUAG€ FOCUS REFERENCE . UNit 3

Present perfect simple and present perfect Relative clauses

continuous Pronoun I Used

Usage who I people i He's the singer who they saw

We use the present perfect simple to talk about an at Claston bu ry festiva l.

action that is finished. which objects I This is the photo which I took
in Portugal.
I've read a good book. (= I'vefinishedit.)
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about an where I places i That's the adventure park
where they went last year.
action that finished very recently or might continue.
l'va been reading a good book. (= | haven't finished it and
ll continue reading it.)
l'
Usage
We only use stative verbs with the simple form. These We use relative pronouns to show which person, object
include: believe, belong, own, have (= possess), hate, or place we are talking about. They introduce new
im a g i n e, kn ow, I i ke, I ove, p refe r, re m e m be r, unde rsta n d, information. Without this information, the sentence
want, etc. wouldn't be complete.
l've wanted a dog for Vears. We use the relative pronoun whoto show which person
we are referring to.
That's the woman who helped me with my heavY bag at the
Present pedect simple + just
airport.
Usage Ile'sthe studont who was very good at windsarfing.
You're the person who I met on the train.
We often use just with the present perfect simple.
We use the relative Dronoun which to show which
We use it to reinforce the idea that an action has only
been completed very recently. We use it in affirmative
object we are referring to.
This is theice creamwhichwetried on holiday last
sentences and it goes between the auxiliary has / have
summer.
and the past participle.
They've just wonthe game. Ilaveyou seenthe blua T-shirt which I always woar to lho
bsach?
We've just met that film star.
That's the interesting travel p?ogramme which you enioy
watohing.
Present perfect simple + stiil,yet and already
We use the relative pronoun where to show which
place we are referring to.
Usage
We use still,yet and already with the present perfect
Ilera's the ltalian restaurant where we had that delicious
pasta.
simple.
This is the placewhereyou can go clinbing.
We use still and yet to reinforce the idea that
That's the now etadium where my favourito football team
something hasn't changed. lt is used in negative
plays.
sentences and it goes before has / have.
It's very late, but you still haven't danoyour homework.
I stiff haver't bought that new gama.
We useyef at the end of the sentence.
I haven't finished mv homeworkyet.
We useyet in questions to ask if someone has done
something. lt goes at the end of the sentence.
Ilave you finished vour homework Vet?
We use already in affirmative sentences to emphasize
that someone has done something. lt goes between
the auxiliary has / have and the past participle.
l've already fihishad my homework.
Bath has already won the race.

82 TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 3

 LANGUAGE FOCUS PRACTICE . Unit 3

Present perfect simple and present perfect Present perfect simple + still, yet and already
continuous
3 Order the words to make sentences or questions.
1 Complete the sentences using the present Then choose the correct meaning.
perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs in arrived / Mark /yet /hasn't
brackets. Mark hasnit arrwpd yet, .

| . .l.ve_beenygadi.ng . (read)this book for a He's extremely late.

ages, but l'm only on page 102. (!)He'll be here soon.
1 you (run)7 1 a/phone/bought f she's/alreadyf new
You look hot and tired.
2 They . . (work) all day on a She did it more quickly than we expected.
that project, but it isn't finished. b She took longer than we expected.
3 We . (visit)Calicia many 2 still / film / haven't / we /seen / that
times. Our cousins live there.
4 | .. (So) here before. I a I may go soon.
remember this place. b Everybody else has seen it.
5 How long is this film? We 3 has / already /finished / party /the /?
. (watch) it for three
hou rs ! a That's earlier than we expected.
6He.. (learn)Creekfora b We are happy that it's ended.
few weeks because he's going there on holiday. 4 dinner /you /yetl have / made / ?
71.. (buy)anew
computer online. lt's arriving tomorrow. a I hope you'll do it soon.
b lt's earlier than usual. '
Present pedect simple + just 5 still / Andy / to / | /talked / haven't
?, Write sentences l-5 with;usf. Then match them a l'm not worried about when it happens.
to situations a-f. b I was going to do it earlier.
he / eat / all ofthe cake
Ils'e jqgt eltsn all of lle cakel
Relative clauses
1 we /go /on holiday
4 Choose the correct words.
2 she /buy /a new bike / ? know rnyon@7 which / where has
?9 V9,
climbed a mountain? -
3 she / say / goodbye to her boyfriend 1 Tell me the place who / which / where you d
most like to travel.
4 someone / steal/ his wallet The watch who /which / where I bought has
already broken!
5 they / pass / the test / ? ld like to meet more people who /which /
where enjoy adventure sports.
a Hannah looks sad. Is he the man who / which / where broke the
b David and his friends are celebrating. world record?
c Nathan feels sick. I've got a new app on my phone who /which /
d You all look very relaxed. where shows me fun activities in my area.
e Riley is really angry. We're going to a park who /which / where you
f Sandra hasn't got much money. can do a lot of hiking.

TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 3 83

 LANGUAGE FOCUS REFERENCE . UNit 4

Quantifiers Question tags

too I There are too
The cake is I We eat
expensive. lmanycakes. lmeat.
The film isn't I Are thereenough I There's enough
exciting enough ! | ticketsfor I action in the
everybody? lfilm.
too many / too much = more than necessary
enough = the necessary quantity
not enough = not the necessary quantity
a lot of = a large amount or number of something
a little = not much, but enough
a few = not many, but enough
Usage
We use too before adjectives.
The novel is too long.
We use too many before plural countable nouns.
Thare aretoo manv films in the competition.
We use too much before uncountable nouns.
Thero was too much violence in the tiln.
We use (not) enough after adjectives.
Lify's story isr't ilrtsrasting enough.
We use (not) enough before uncountable and plural
countable nouns.
Milliotrs of children don't have enoughfood.
Thefilm received enaugh awards.
We use a lot of wilh both uncountable and plural
countable nouns.
Thers's a lot of infornatiotr otr this website.
There are alot of people at this party.
We use a little with uncountable nouns and afewwith
pl u ra I cou nta ble nou ns i n affi rmative sentences.
We use question tags to check information. In the
question tag, we use a positive verb for negative
sentences.
too much
You aren't the new sludenl, arevou?
We use a negative verb for aftirmative sentences.
You' re the new gtudent, aren't you?
We use the same auxiliary verb as in the sentence.
We can recycle this paper, can't we?
She can't speak German, oan she?
We use a form of do when there is no auxiliarv verb in
the sentence.
lfa fikas lndianfood, doasn't he?
We use modalverbs when there is a modal in the
statement.
We should practise for the show, shouldn'I we?
Clauses of purpose
We show purpose or explain 'why' using these
expressions: to + infinitive, in order to + infinitive,
so that. and in case.
You can usa it to tako photos.
Ile oalled in order to invite ne to his party.
We eaved maney so that we could get narried.
I always take my umbrella in case I need it.

llike a littfa sugar in mV cotfee.

I afways have afow books in my schoolbag.

84 TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 4

 LANCUAGE FOCUS PRACTICE ' Unit 4

Quantifiers Question tags

1 nead the situations and sentences a-c. Find and 3 Add tags to make questions.
correct the sentence with a mistake. He isn't very good at singing, is.he. ?
There are five people, but we've got four burgers. 1 They d id n't recycle the ru bbish , . .. ..... . .. 7

a There aren't enough burgers. 2 She'swinningthecompetition,...... ?

@)There are only a llttle burgers. . .fe:w. . .

3 They can't cook Chinese food, . ?
c There are too many people. 4 Ceorge has been here before, ... . ?
I Thosejeans cost fl50! 5 while,
You won't be ready for a . . . ?
a That'stoo much money. 5 school,
They don't come to this . . . . .. ?
b Only a few people can buy them. 7 swimming,
Katia loves .?

8 Danielcan playtheviolin, . ?
c I've got a few money, but not enough to buy 9 They haven't got many friends,. . . . . ?
them. 10 You usedto livethere, .... . ... ?
2 Everyone at the party has a plate of food.
a There aren't too much people at the party.
Clauses of purpose
b il;;;';.norgn food. 4 Complete the sentences with one word.
c
'How much food is there?' 'The right I'm turning off the lights tq. . save energy.
amount.' 1 Keepthosebottles,in......... . .. weneed
3 We've got 50 ml of milk and everyone wants them again.
some in their tea. 2 She's becoming a doctor in .. .to help
a There isn't milk enough for everyone. people.
3 He called that he could tell me his
b There's onlv a little milk. news.
c There isn't a lot of milk. 4 . order to save money, we're making
4 lt's very dark in this room. We can't see the presents at home.
anything. 5 Keep your mobile phone with you,
a We need a few light. case I need to give you a call.
b There isn't enough light. 6 There's a student council. so ... .

c lt's too dark. students can make decisions about college life.
7 We're going to the airport meet
Z Order the words to make sentences. There is one my cousin.
extra word.
paper /you got / much /have /how / enough /?
Ilqw mugh pap$ haveyou got?
1 a / butter / many / in the fridge / little / there's
z trreie i ii'. i;ilsi t
"
61 t is / ?

3 like / much / people / many / chocolate

q lt;'ol;;;;;; /there /iae' l^:'"lo / ?
",:;
5 you / enough / got / haven't / few /water

5 noise /alotllittle/there's /outside /of

TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 4 85

 LANGUAGC FOCUS REFCRENCE . UNit 5

First conditional with il and unless Future continuous

f
We form the first conditional with + present simple,
Affirmative
+ will / won't + infinitive without fo. We normally use
Tomorrow at this tine I'll betlVing to Australia.
contracted forms. When the r/clause is second, we
don't need a comma. Sometimes we use unless instead Negative
of if ... not. They won't bewaitingtor me at homo.
lf I neadhelp,l'll callyou. Questions
l'lf oallyou if I noedhelp. Will you be staying with your unclein Athens?
Usage Usage
We use the first conditional when we oredict the We use the future continuous to describe an activity or
result of a likely or possible situation in the future. event which we think will be in progress at a particular
We introduce the situation with if or unless + present time in the future.
simole. We use it to talk about the orobable results of Thsy'fl bewaitingtor me at the airport.
actions. We don't use continuous tenses with stative verbs such
ff she nissas the bus, she'll be late f or school. as be.
You won't pass your oxams unlsss you study hard.

Present simple and continuous for the future

mightvs. will
We use the present continuous for future plans. We use
We use will and might with the infinitive of the verb the present simple for future events which are part of a
without to. timetable.
We'll join the protest nexl week. l'n playingbaskstballthis evening.The match starts at
Inight bnng Lnna. 7.30.
The negative is formed by putting not after will or
might.
Clauses of reason and cause
We usually contract will notto won't. We don't usually
contract might not. We use as and so to connect the reason for or cause of
I won't be at tho neetingtomorrow. an action to the action.
Jaka might not comebecause ha's ill. /
l'mtired. ksason causel l'n goingta bed. (action)
As f 'rn tired, I'm goingta bed.
Usage
l'mtired, so l'm goingto bed.
We use will and won'tfor situations we are certain will
be true in the future.
l'll meet you outside school.
We use might and might notfor future situations that
are possible but not definite.
ft rrright be hot at the weekend.

will and be going to

We use be going to to talk about definite plans and
intentions.
[m goingto meet my triend at the conoert.We're goingto
sit haar thefront.
We use willfor general predictions.
I thitrk tha concert will be exciting.

86 TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 5

 LANGUAGE FOCUS PRACTICE . Unit 5

First conditional with il and unless Future continuous

1 Complete the first conditional sentences with 4 Complete the sentences using the correct future
the correct form of the verbs in brackets and if or continuous form of the verbs in the box.
unless.
I l'll c-one- (come) out later urlgss l'm d€ listen make not watch not work
too tired. play ta lk

1 .. it .. (rain)tomorrow, At seven o'clock tomorrow evening ...

we'll stay inside and watch a film. I l:llbedaing my homework.
2 We (text)you we have I My sister on the phone.
any problems. 2 My dad . . dinner.
3 . . ... . they're too heavy, I 3 My mum .. ... ... atthe
(carry)the bags. hospital because it's her night off.
4 She won't understand you you 4 I............ to music on the radio.
(speak)clearly. 5 Myfriends . . games.
5 .. . she wins the race. she 6 My brothers TV.
(be) so happy.

Present simple and continuous for the future

mightYs. will
5 Complete the sentences with one verb in the
2 Complete the dialogue with will,won't, might or present continuous and one in the present simple.
might not. | 'mlfauglling (travel)to London tomorrow. My
Zac . Will
you see Aisha tonight at the caf6 train loav-gs . (leave) at 7.30.
after swimming club? 1 School (finish) in twenty minutes.
Eli lr.. .
do. I hope so. She 1.......... . We . . . .. .. (play)football after class.
be at swimming because she never misses it. 2 We (sing) in a competition. lt
But she 3 come to the caf6 (sta rt) on Satu rday morning.
afterwards. Sometimes, she goes home early.
3 The World Cup final (be) on TV on
Zac OK, well, if you see her, can you tell herthat I
(stay) home to watch it.
Sunday. I

be late for band oractice on

4 She . (see) the dentist on Tuesday.
Thursday? |5 .
. .. . be in town all day
Her appointment . (be) at 11.45.
on a school trip, and it 6 finish
after five o'clock. I can't be sure.
5. ..... .. (Josh /work)on Friday? No, his

Eli Noproblem.17..... ... tellher. course (start)that day.

Zac You 8. . forget, willyouT

Eli Of course notl so
5 Rewrite the sentences using so.
will and be going to l'm going to study. I want to pass my exam.
3 Choose the correct words. I want to pasg 6V exam, so- lln goitrg.to stady, .

I She's lonely. She's going to call a friend.

Y,lil:YJi/@@dororvour l'm studying science. I want to be a dentist.

1 / 'm going to study art at university.
l'11
2 Do you think they 'll f 're going to enjoy the
film? He's stopped playing football. He's hurt his leg.
We 'll / 're goingto fly to Paris. It's cheaper
than the train. ir'i' si.llil f'"r"".
'''
il;;;; ii;;;;
'Dad's out late tonight.' 'He'll /'s going to be
home soon.'

TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 5 87

 LANGUAGE FOCUS REFERENCE . UNit 5

can, could, be able to Usage

We use should and its negative form shouldntto give
Can. could and be able to have the same form for all
advice or say something is a good or bad idea.
subject pronouns. Can and could are used with the
Laur en shoqld b e mor e har d-working.
infinitive of the verb without to.
Wa shoufdh't mako alot of noise.
| / Ile / They can / could / wlllbe ableto speakFrench.
We use must and have to to talk about a strong
Usage obligation - to say something is essential or a rule.
We use can, could, was / were able to and will be able to I nust be fit to go on the advenlure trip.
to talk about ability in the past, present or future. We often use mustto talk about something that the
Past: speaker decides is necessary.
I couldn't swimwhen lwasvery yaung. You rtrust do your homework now.
Was he abla to speak three languages bv the tine he was We often use have to when other circumstances make
five? something necessary.
Present: I have to go to the library beoause I need some books.
I can speak English because l'm from the UK. We use don't have to to talk about something that it is
Futu re: not necessary to do.
f won't be ableto go cychngbeoausel'velost nV bike. We don't havo to clean the house because it is already
clean.
have to / need to / must / should The opposite of must and have to is mustn't We use
mustn'tlo talk about something that is prohibited.
Must and should each have on ly one form. They do not
Don't have fo is NOT the opposite of must and have to.
change with different subjects.
You nustn't belate.
Roger must be oareful with tha knifa.
after dark.
I rrrusttr't leavethe camp
We use need to when we are talking about a necessity.
the shouldtake a sleepingbag.
We needto be quiet.
@ Jetf needsto study more.
We use must / should + infinitive without to.
You rrrust listan now. They should sit here.
Ordering information
The negative forms of must and should are must not
Usage
and should not. However, in spoken and informal
We use these discourse markers to mark the points we
written English, we use the short forms mustn't and
want to make in a speech or piece of writing.
shouldn't.
Firstly, ...
As with must and should.the main verb takes the
9econdly,...
infinitive without to.
W e mustn' t touoh thie. $qhtttrcflt*+e+a*slt-tltft*
/
Lastly, Finallv,...

You shouldn't drink that. ffi

88 TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 5

 LANGUAGE FOCUS PRACTIC€' ["*nXt 6

con, could, be able to have to / need to / must / shoald

tr Complete the sentences about ability usingcan, 3 Find and correct the mistakes.
could or be able to and the verbs in brackets. Let's gol We have#Fte$e late. mqst-nlt-ba
He canltswirrr. verywellyet, but he's 1 We're playing in the final of the competition
learning. (swim) next week. so I need be fit.
1 lthink she . the race 2 Should we to go to bed earlier?
next week. She's done so much training! (win) 3 You don't have to be late for class.
2 They .. by car tomorrow 4 Do you must wear a uniform at your school?
There's too much traffic on Fridays. (come)
3l when I was four. but I
5 They should don't talk during class.
learned at school. (read) 6 Have you to do extra homework?
4 | can't sing very well, but gu ita r.
I

(play) 4 Complete the dialogue with must, mustn't, don't

5 My cousin . delicious meals when have to, should or shouldn't.
he was just a kid. (cook) Joe What do I need to know about this sport?
6 Salim is deaf. He . Max First of all, you shoufd wear warm
anything. (hear) clothes because it's a winter game that we
play outdoors. Players 1
. us ua lly
2 Choose the correct words. wear green, but people don't worry too
much about that.
Joe OK, and how about safety equipment?
Emotional intelligence (or El) is a very i
Max Oh, you 2. wear that because
t.,ife::skill, lt means that you able / could the ball isn't hard. And the rules say that
recognize your emotions and manage you 3 touch another player, so
it's a safe game.
a time when, as a young child, we were upse Joe Cood! l'lltell my mum that she
but we 2 couldn't / not able / can say why, and worry about me playing it,
then I What else?
we 3could / won't be able to / couldn't control
Max Well, it's OK to pick up the ball and throw
tbrUrl.,feelings. Experts say that we acan I arbf6;;
it, but you 5 run with it in your
can't start to identify or control our own emo ha nds.
until we are around f ive years old. Joe And how about kicking it with your feet?
say that emotional intelligence will be extre Max Everyone can do that, except the goalies.
important to our working lives in the futur They 6 only use their hands.
employers 5will be able to I can lwon't ab Joe Oh! lt's very different from football, then?
Max Yes. it is.
check how much El you have. lf you don
good El, you won't 6can / able to / be able
the career you want. Now, they are creatinl 0rdering information
so that we Tcould I can lwill be. 5 Complete the adverbs to order the information.
,,iourses,
improve this important skill. I agree that sports lessons are really good for
:.::l:::.i',..': .. :'.'-.
students for a number of reasons.lF
I think it's important for our health to do regular

exercise.25 ......., working in a team

helps students to develop useful skills. And
'T. .
/l , competitions can
be fun for everyone.

LANGUAGE FOCUS o Unit 5 89

 LANGUAGE FOCUS REFeRe NCE . Unit 7

can may I might

I I could; must I can't;
perhaps

Usage
We use canfor present possibility.
You can change somoono's daV bV being kind to then.
We use modal verbs could, may and might + infinitive
without to to talk about things that are possible in the
present and the future.
Yaur keys could be in the cupboard.
We mav go to tho olncert, depanding on the prioe of the
tickets.
l4V mum might be at home, but l'm not sure.
We use can't and mustfor deduction in the present. We
use musf when we are sure that something is true and
can'twhen we are sure that something is not true.
This can't be Leah's house.lt's too big.
My dad must be home. llis car is parked in the drive.
Sometimes we use perhaps when we talk about
something that is possibly true.
Perhaps you'll win the competition!

Second conditional
We form the second conditional with r/+ past simple,
+ would / wouldn't + a verb without to. We normally
use the contracted forms.
As with the first conditional, the r/clause can come
in the second half of the sentence. but we don't use a
comma.
I'd be on time if I got up earlier.
We form information questions with the question word
atthe beginning of the would clause.
What fifss would you share if you were onlins?
lf youwere online, what filss wouldyou share?
Usage
We use the second conditional to talk about the
possible result of an unlikely situation.
It I had €200, I would buy a mobtlo phone. ( haven't got
€200, so I wotr't ba able to buy a mobile phone.l

90 LANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 7

 TANGUAGE FOCUS PRACTICC " Unit 7
can I may I might / could; perhaps Second conditional
Order the words to make sentences. There is one 3 Write two true sentences for each second
extra word. conditional sentence.
this /you / can /like / might / song lf I wasn't so tired. l'd walk there.
-Y-q{ ntght liks, this sqng, llmvpwtired.
1 be /
perhaps / quite f concerttickets / f won't walk th ere.
expensive / can 1 We would invite Ollie to the picnic if we had
his mobile number.
2 the show / tonight / see /we / not / could /
may
2 lf my sister came home on time, Mum
3 he's / might / very well / not / perhaps wouldn't get angry with her.

might / late /can / she / be / 7

3 Evan would buy that tablet if he had enough

sad f can / perhaps / love songs / be money.

6 rain / could /it'U /perhaps /tomorrow

4 lf you didn't work hard, you'd find maths very
d ifficu lt.
Choose the correct meaning.
He may not be at work.
a Perhaps he's going to stay at home 5 lf Deena was more generous, weU be friends.
tomorrow.
(9 lt's possible that he isn't at work now.
1 Perhaps Raquel willwin the competition. 6 We d a ll go out ton ight if we weren't busy.
a lt's possible that Raquel will win.
b Raquel is good enough to win.
2 They may not be ready.
a Perhaps they aren't ready. Complete the second conditional sentences using
b lt's impossible that they're ready. the correct form ofthe verbs in brackets.
3 iamie could be unhappy. We ld f-inish (finish) this homework a lot
a lt's possible he won't be happy in the future. faster if we stqppad (stop) watching TV!
b Perhaps he isn't happy now. 1 Emma (have) more friends if she
4 They might love the present. (be) more sympathetic.
a Maybe they loved the present. 2 lf | (not have) so much work to do,
b Perhaps they'll love the present. I ........... (relax)a lotmore.
5 Perhaps he's tired at the end of the day. 3 What (you /do)if I

a He may be tired after a long day. (tell)you a secret?

b lt's possible he'll feel tired at the end of 4 lf we (not have to) wea r a school
today. uniform,l . . ..... . .(spend) moremoneyon
6 One person can make a big difference. clothes.
a One person will probably have a big effect. 5|. (not know) what to say if I

b lt's possible for one person to have a big . (see) my favourite celebrity.

effect. 6 lf you (win)the prize, how

(you /celebrate)?

TANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 7 91

 I-ANGI,AG€ FOEUS REFERCNCE . UNit 8

In a passive sentence, we don't often say who carried

Present and past passive: affirmative and
out the action. When we do, we use bY.
negative Pippa was invitgd bY Jane.
Present passive
Present and past Passive: questions
I'm driven everywhere. i I'm not driven everywhere' Present passive
You're driven everywhere. i You aren't driven
! everywhere.
He's / She's / lt's driven ! H. 7 Sh" / lt isn't driven Affirmative I Negative

everywhere. I everYwhere. Am ldriven I Yes,lam. I No, I'm not'

We're /You're /They're /They aren't everywhere?
I We TVou
driven everywhere. I driven everywhere. Are you driven I Yes,
you are. I
trlo, you aren't'
everywhere?
We form the present passive affirmative with the /it
lshe/she / lYes,he / she / [ lrto,he / she
subject + present simple of be + past participle. it driven I lt ls. I isn't.
We form the present passive negative with the everywhere? | |
subject + present simple of be + v1e[ + past participle' / / No, we /y3u /
Are we /you lYes, we /you
Past Bassive they driven i they ate. N

I
they aren't'
everywhere?

We form present passive questions with the present

I was driven everywhere. | | wasn't driven everywhere'
simple of be + subject + past participle'
driven
You were I You weren't driven
everywhere. IeverYwhere. Past passive
He / She / lt was driven N
He 7 Stre / lt wasn't driven
everywhere. !everYwhere'
We /You /Theywere I We TVou /Theyweren't Affirmative lNegative
driven everywhere. I driven everywhere. Was ldriven lYes,lwas. i No, lwasn't'
everywhere?
We form the past passive affirmative with the subject +
Were you driven I Y"t,
yo, *"t". I
tt'lo, you weren't'
past simple of be + past participle. everywhere?
We form the past passive negative with the subject + / it
Was he /she / Yes, he / she /it I No, he / she
past simple of be + not + past participle. it driven i was. I wasn't'
everywhere?
Usage
We use the passive to talk about what happens to the Were we /
/you | Yes, /
*e / you | ruo,
we /you /they
subject of the sentence. Passive sentences emphasize
they driven ! theY were. I
weren't'
everywhere?
the action. The action is more important than the
person who does the action. We form past passive questions with the past simple of
Thoy're invitad ta concerts. be + subject + past particiPle.
ThaTV programmewasmade in ltalY.

Active to passive
The object of an active sentence becomes the subject
of a passive sentence.
People paint those piotures in China- )Thoss pictures are
paintod itt China.
J an e invit ed Pippa to the nsw r ast aur ant . ) P ipp a w as

invitad to the new restaurant.

92 LANGUAGE FOCUS. UNit 8

 TANCUAGE FOCUS PRACTICE n Unir I
Present and past passive: affirmative and Present and past passive: questions
negative
4 Order the words to make passive questions.
I Are the sentences active (A) or passive (p)? Write this programme / was /
prizes any awarded / / / ?
AorP. W-as this prqgran$p- awrtrded ant prizes? . ..
My brother is loved by everyone. p 1 this / cooked / meat f was /when / ?
Everyone loves my brother. A
1 She was born on 1'tJune. 2 on Mond ays / this / is / room / used / ?
2 This music is playingvery loudly.
3 The piano is played with both hands. 3 much f actors / paid /how / are /?
4 This room isn't cleaned everv week.
5 They were talking all evening. 4 told / they f were / news /the /when / ?
6 They weren't told what to do next.
7 We were given an hour to finish the exam. 5 from /film /adapted / was / the / a book / ?

8 My sister is really happy at university. 6 novels / written / Cervantes / were / by /

these / ?
Complete the sentences using the correct present
or past passive form of the verbs.
Complete the dialogue using the correct active or
cut not give not sell serve passive form of the verbs in brackets.
ta ke teach write
Eva Your room looks completely different from
The dog's hair is at{l . once every two the last time I visit_sd (visit)t
months. Lola Yes, that's because it 1 . . (paint)
1 These photographs . on holiday. last week. And we (get) new
2 Milk in this shop. pictures for the walls, too.
3 This play by Shakespeare in 1595. Eva Wow. 3 . (you /do) the painting?
4 ltalian, French and Cerman at that It 4 .. . (look) amazingl
school now. Lola No. lt 5 . . (do) by a friend of the
5 Dinner every night at 9.00 last family. He 6.. ... (do)a good job,
week. didn't he?
6 Homework . on this course. Eva Yes. And the cushions match the colour of
the walls. tool
Rewrite the sentences using the passive form. Lola Ah, they
Add bywhere necessary. They 8 (buy) for my mum last
year, but she gave them to me.
Mrs Hughes told the joke.
The joke was told by Mrs f{(gl,rps .
Eva Well, I hopeyou e (please)with
your room. ljust love it!
1 | damaged my bike in the accident. Lola Thanks - so do L How about your room?
My bike
(it ldecorate) often?
2 Allthe students use this library. Eu? No, not enoughl I'm going to ask my parents
This library about that!
3 People don't use this computer every day.
This computer .

4 Lucas gave those presents.

Those presents
5 They didn't make these chairs very well.
These chairs . .

6 We play all our matches at the sports centre,

All our matches

LANGUAGE FOCUS. Unit 8 93

 The worejs in bsld are the target vocabulary. Learn these words after each unit. Words with the #w
are frorn the Oxford 3000'" list. This is a list of the 3000 most usefui words to learn in English.

twice (adv) twnrr/ Ss

Phonetic svmbols
- typical(adj) r'trprkl, #*v
annoyed (adj) lo'n:;rdl ffiw video game (n) 'vtdieu ,gctm,
Vowels wake up (v) ',we'tk ',4,p' #w
ate (v) lert, et/
iil htppy br.ry(v) /bail Sscq watelrvideos /,wot.j''vteliaozl
it' it cereal (n) l'sroriall weekday(n) l'wi:kcier/
titi chat (v) /tJ'et/ &em weekend (n) /wi;Nr'end/ ffiw
he
/ie/ concert (n) l'knnsat/ #w
flag cook (v) lhukl #xxry
iuli art depend (v) lch'pencil #wr accident (n) l'elisrdentl #sry
rc., egg do (v) ldu:i #s*v action figure (n) /'iek.l'n ,l rg;o(r)l
lstl her dc my hovneiruork /,dur ,mat 'hoomw:llk/ amazingly(adv) ie'merzrglil
k:f nst
ea rlier (adv) /':::lia(rll app (n) l.r:pl
evening (n) i'irvnrn/ #we apparently (adv) i;'p;rlrantlii *w
lxl four excellent (adj) /'ekselent/ #w approximately (adv) la'prnlesrmotlil
lul lsok exhibition (n) ieksr'brJ'nl *Nw k
lwt^l yoL! festival(n) i'{estrvli {3w arcade game (n) lc:'ketti,gelm/
/al suger
flnish (v) i'frnr,r/ #wx baggy (adj) /'bc*s;il
funfair(n) /'{rnfea(n)r barrel(n) /'beral/
lnl mLlm get (v) /qet/ *sqq best-selling (adj) l'lrest,selIr3i
/er/ dalr get hot"ne /,gel 'heunrl blouse (n) lblauzl
laxl why get up /,r;r't 'rF" boot (n) iburt/ #wt
give (v) rilrr'' {}w celebrate (v) l'selrbre ril #ffi
lstl ncisy
go (v) ,/r;:tri,i {}w chapter (n) /'tj'epto{r'l/ *w
laul hotiv go shopping ,qri i 'J nprr,1 check out (phr v) /'tJ'ck ,autl
/aul g0 go to hed i,gaii te 'becl/ chopsticks (n pl) l'tJopsl.Iks/
hal here go to se hool /,glcu tt 'rku:]/ eolourful (adj) /'knlefl/
le*l w€ar
go tcl work /,gou ta 'w::k/ eomie (n) /'knmik/
have brea[<fast /,hrev'bre-kfest/ compete (v) ik;rrn'pirt/ *w
laal tourist have got (v) ihiev goti {hw competitor (n) /kern'petrta(r)/
Consonants headphones (n pl) /'hed{gonzl cool(adj) /ku;l/ tu
hear (v) /hro(ri1 ffiwe eraze (n) ikrcrzl
lpl Ben hip hop (n) ''hrp,hrrP dark (adj) idc:k/ *3e
lbl big improve (v) /ran'pru:v/ #m decade (n) /'dekerd/ #w
Itl two interview (n) /'rt"rteviu:/ #w deck (n) ldek/
ldl dog later (adv) l'lerlo(r)/ #w downstairs (adv) /elaun'steoz/ #xm
lkl ean
leave (v) lli:v/ *xm dress (n) ldnes/ *w
Nisten to music /,ltsn te 'mjulzrk/ excitedly(adv) Ak'sartrdlil
lgl good rnake (v) imerk/ #.affi expert (n) /'ekspsrt/ ffiw
It].l beach meal(n) /mi:V fu explore (v) tk'spbr(r1l ttwrl
Itlzl iob memory (n) /'rnem;:ri/ ffiw fad (n) 1fa"rJl
fi; tooa morning (n) l'rn::nr6l #w fan (n) lfonl *w
nervous(adj) /'n::ves/ #w fashion (n) / t"e.l'ni .}r*r
lvl very netball(n) /'nctbrrll follow (v) /'frlaui #xqq
l8l think once (adv) lw,rnsl {hw follower(n) l'fnloue(r)l
/*/ then online (adv) lnn'lariii fork (n) /fu:k1 ffixsr
pa rade (n) 1po're rd/ fresh (adj) /l'rel'/ ffixr
1r1
lzl
speak
zoo
present (n) l'preznt/ ffile* frisbee (n) l'turzbtl
professional ly (adv) lpra'feJ'onclil gadget (n) l'sa:d3ttl
'.li she relax (v) /rr'la:ksi #w 8a!"nes console (n) l'getmz ,tonsei,ili
'\t television remember (v) lnr'rrlemb;r{ri,/ *w generally (adv) /'dSenre[/ #w
/hl house ride (v) /rarell {3vw handbag(n)'har.'ndhuq
scared (adj) /skesd/ #xqry hat (n) lh&r;l *wry
/in1 meat see (v) isi:l *qs? hero (n) /'hrrrsti/ *w
,ni now smartphone (n) /'srna;tfor.ln/ hit (v) /iut/ *w
ln' sing speak (v) lspirk/ #rm hoodie (n) /'lri.idi/
,'lt late straight (adv) /sxrert/ *w hula hoop (n) l'xru:lc ,hurp/
sunglasses (n pl) l's.tnglo:stzl incredibly (adv) /rn'kre<labNi/
tr radio teach (v) /tirtJT #ear instruction /rn'iilr,tk.[n/ *w
(n)
I.it yes terrible (adj) I'terabil {}xw interesting (adj) I'rntrastrql {}wr
, !\'r we tidy my room t,t:rtJi ,mrti 'ru:mr jackei (n) 'tl3:ckrl/ &nr
toast (n) /ra{rsi/ j"i"t tt prl 'i3i,nz &*
tournament(n) l'ttianamcnt/ journal (n)
"tl3;:nl/

94 krlordlist @ Use the ca rd in the back of the book to access you r Wordlist a udio files at www.oxfordlearn.com
 rr i eh
- t'.e:!-ejjl*?, f
]: P:trFJ**gJ

'

knife (n) /narf/ Ox toy(n) /rri &w educate (v) /'edgukeit/ *m

last (adv) /lqrst/ OK trainers(n) /trermazl eel (n) li;tl
live (adj) ilarvl k tweet (n /v) ltwi;tl exact (adj) /rg'zrkt/ Sw
obviously(adv) /'obviasli/ Sw valuable (adj) /'vel.iuebl/ Sw' exlrausted (adj) /ig'zr:stidl
opinion (n) /a'prnjen/ &w view (n) /viur/ Sw experience (v)
/rk'spreriansti Sw
patterned(adj) I'paetend/ viral (adj) l'varc;,ll extraordinary (adj) /rk'slrc:dnni/ &s'
period (n) /'piei'ied/ Sw worth (adj) /w:i:O/ 6m extreme (adj) ,'rk'strirm/ *w
plain (adj) /plernl &w
playground (n) /'plcrgraondi
pole (n) lpool/ *w
$
accordion (n) ie'trc:atcnJ
Elill]id;ri1ms,rk/
iasli,naf!\s
(fil
&x?

;lraes''ertrn/
&w
popular (adj) /'popjale(r)/ &w activist (n) /'iektrvist/ feel (n /v) /fill/ S?w
post (n /v) /poust/ Sw alpaca (n)' /al'paka/ flavour.(n) /'flerva(r)l k
product (n) /'prod,rktl &xa ,rliii*iirai) '/o'merzrnr
O'n (n). /flurtl &w
purse (n) /p:rs/ flute
forget (v) . /fa'geti sstr
(n) /p,tz-l| anosmiS in)" l*'nounrir)' (n)
puzzle artificial(aij) /c:rr'frJl/ &w fragrance .l'frelgrons/
quick (adj) /kwrk/ Sw audio book (n) l'r,,l"u,t",uLl frightening.(adj) /'frartnr$/ &w
rest(v) lrest/ & awesome (adj) /'crsern/ furious.(adj). /'l.iueries/
rock (n) /rokl 0w
(n) i*i"l trali- lt,ty g* have a'good ear'
hearins (n) /'hrarrq/ sw
/,hrev e ,gud're(r)l
rock'n' roll
(v)
/,rok on 'reui/ b;l";di;i' ru';iulr sw hold (v) . /hould/ *w
share /.fee(r)/ Ox birth fr) /bgro/ €irw'
shirt (n) /.fsrt/ SR bit;(;) /bart/ &w identify(v) ./ar,dentifar/ *w
short-sleeved (adj) i,J'e:t'slirvcil ina'(ir) ,/bli'irn<J/ Sw
Uf
importance.(n) ftm'pcrtcns/ {}w
shorts (n pl) l.fc:ts/ Ui""Jiril lUtoAl ** impression (n). Am'pre.fn/ *w
sink (v) /srsk/ 0x' no*nrig'tnl t,boritipi &x incredib.le (adj) An'kredabll
skirt (n) /sk:]rtl &ri uiainit8inj (u) /'brernstrrnr/ listen (v). /'irsn/ *w
smart (adj) lsma:t/ Qx can't stand (vj l.t,.n,ll little (adj). /'lrtl/ &sw
social media (n) /,souJl'mirdio/ ' /,kornt /v) lluk/ €3w
closely (advi i'kiarislil Sw taok (n
socks (n) lsoks/ coloui-Uffindness (n) /,k,tla ,blarndnos/ lose sensation /,lurz sen'serJ'n/
solve (v) /snlvl Sn '
concertpianist (n) i mrrrt pi"r*ir (qdj) .llaridl &vx'
loua
stomach ache (n) l'st.trnek ,drkl connection(n)'ll",n"tj;t$ material(n)
storm (n) istrrm/ Or deaf (adi) klefl O*
" rniserable
../mo'tleriol/6*
(adj) I'mtzreblJ
style (n) tstarll On J"ri.i""'Jttaii- ta,'1,1*l monument (n) /'rnnnjumant/
sudde,nly.(adv),, /:is^ctsnlil *w' ilii;;J; ill '70"'1'
nice (adj) tu
suit (v) isu:ti Or "-'l"rcx-
h#;i";ijljr')i'.r"'ilo' 9!oyr(n).
{narsr
r'ao'lje(r)/
dried (adi) lclrard/ Ort perfume(n)
, "p::fj-u:m/
durian (nJ /'dosri:n/ perTumery (n). /pc'tJurmrrr/
.
prehistoric(adj) /prirhr'slnrrki

Listen to the words and check your pronunciation

 wonderful(adj)''*nnr.1t1';i fu distant (adj) l'drstanti 0rr
- wood (n) ,*,i.tl CI* dive {off} (v) /'tlarv ,pf 1 1r

World Heritage Site (n) ,u::ld 'hcrrt rdt dune (n) ir.!ju:n/
Klwlw ,sat[.' easily (adv) r'i:z.rli/ Smt

ww
wwg achievement (n) /e't.f i:vmont/ *w
equipment (n) /r'kwrpment/ Sw
exotic (adj) /rU'znt rk/
{waten}fa[[ (n) /'(wrrta)frrl/
(frequently asked question) (n)
:*uJ l, admire (v) /erd'maro(r)/ #Ns
alive (adj) /r'larv/ fu
FAQ
/,ef ,er 'kju: (,frilkwantli ,o:skt 'kwestJ'anl
feature (n) I'f irtJe(r)/ &wr

w ffi
attach (v) ra'le t1r $rm
beaeh (n) /birt.l-l &w forest (n) /'fr:rrsti ffim
binoculars (n pl) lbr'nokjelaz/ frightened (adj) 1'frartnell *m
board (n) lhr:d/ *w gun (n) lg'rnl {}w
borrow (v) i'borau/ {3w hike {aeross} (v) i 'hark (e,kros)/
break (v) ibreik/ *xs hiking (n) l'harkrq/
3J*9#*l **v:r busy (adj) /'brzi/ #w hill(n) /hrN/ #vry
ice (n) /ars/ #w
calm (adj) /ku:rn &*

-@ @ ca(ry on (phrv) /,keri'nn/

cave (n)
challenge
lkerv/
(n) l't.l'clrndg/
(adv) /'khalii &x
#rm

{}wa
inspirational (adj) /rnspc'retJ'onV
inspire (v) lrn'spare(r)l &xw
instructor(n)
involve
/rn'strAkto(r)/
(v) irn'vnlvl €&w
ffi)b .f***J
clearly
clitf (n) lklrf/
climb {up} (v) l,klarnr {',tp)l #w
jeep (n) lelsi:pr
journey (n) /'c!3:rni/ *wa
jarrnp {cut of} (v) /'cl3.tmp (,aut av)l *w
cloth (n) /klnol $w
coasteering (n) ikeust'rarig/ kayak (n) /'karek/
raft (n) /r'orfti kayaking (n) /'kar;ekrq/
recently (adv) i'r"ir:intlil *w coconut(n) /'k;rokln,rli
critic (n) /'krrt&i fu keen (on) (adj) l'ki:n (,on)/ k
recipe (n) /'resrpi/
crystalclear (adj) ',kt'tsll 'klt.rt rr' kindness (n) /'karndnos/ Sw
remind (v) /rr'ma.ind/ {3wll lake (n) llerk/ k
respond (v) ln'spnnri/ *ww cycle (down) (v) ,'sarkl t,.laun l; &
deep (adj) rdirpi #w leash (n) I*j't
result (n) /r:r'z,r,lt/ {}w leave (behind) (v) l,lirv {br'l"rarnd)/ &rx*
rollercoaster (n)''r,r('lrka(,\tD{r}i desert (n) I'dezat/ *w
rope (n) ireupl *w
sad (adj) is.erll *rry
scent (n) /senti
sea salt (n) /'sir ,sr:lt, soltl
seaweed(n) l'sirwircl/
sense (n) /sens/ *'iw
sense of smell (n) l,sens ev 'smel/
seriously(adv) l'siericsHl *w'
sickroom (n) /'srkrurml
sight (n) /sartl &w
slide (n) islarcll #w
smell(n /v) /smel/ {3w
smoked (adj) lsrnouktl $wr
sound (n /v) lsaund/ &w
spectacular (adj) ispek'trrkjala1rl
sunset (n) /'s,rnseti
sunshine (n) /'s.,rnJarn/
superior (adj) /su:'prario(r)/ *w
taste (n v)
/terst/ Swr
/
tasteless (adj) /'teistlosl
terrifying(adj) /'tenfang/
tester (n) /'tests(r)l
texture (n) /'!ekstJo(r1l *w
theme park (n) /'8irm ,pcr:k/ Srw
tone-deafness(n) /,teun'clefnasl
tool(n) /turi/ &w
touch (n / v) /t,ttJ} #w
visual(adj) l'vr3uaV $xw
warmth (n) iw.rrnrur fu
watch (v) iu ntJl &m
water-slide (n) /'wrrte,ilard/
weird (adj) rwndi (k

l*'ltllry ,,1,
S ur. ti'. card in the back of the book to access your Wordlist audio files at www.oxfordlearn.com.
 home-made (adj) l,haum 'rncrcll
increase (v) i rn'klirri Chlr
intellect(n) I'rntalckti
jackal(n) /'d3a:klr
jewellery (n)
l'rl3uralri/ &xr
marine animal (n) /mo'ri:n ,enrml/ *rxt
multi-funetional (adj) /,rn,dti'f,,i1kfenl/
nail(n) /nerll *w
natural (adj) /'netJraV *xw
natural resource (n) l,netJrel rr's3rs,
-'7.JiS/ r#ffi
noise (n) /ncizl *w
packet (n) l'pekrt/ &w
pendant (n) /'pendanti
persuade (v) lpe'swerd/ &w
piece (n) lpirs/ *w
planet (n) /'plrnui *w
plant (n) lplorntl Sw'
plastic (n) /'plastrkl *w
pollute (v) /po'lurt/
pollution (n) /pe'lu:J'n/ &m
(v) power (n) i'pauo(r)/ &w
lend /lendl *w volcano (n) ivol'kernau/ k
lobster(n) /'lobsts(r)/ wave (n) lweiv/ Sw practical (adj) i'prektrkl/ *w
(v) /mern'tern/ Or produee (v) lpra'dju:s/ Sw
maintain wildlife (n) /'warlcllaril {}xw
monkey (n) /'rn.t4kil yacht (n) lir,tl
protect (v) lpre'tektl &w
rnountain (n) /'mar-rntan/ Our protein (n) l'prcuti:nl *w
yoga (n) I'jeugal
mountain climbing (n) /'maunren provide (v) ipre'vardl &w
rating (n) /'rertiq/ &w
,klarmrn/
(n) Or recommend (v) lreko'menci/ Sw
acean /'eo.l'n/ affect (v) /a'fektl *w recycle (v) lri:'sarkli
online community (n) lon,larn afford (v) /a'fcrcl/ &xr
ke'm.lulnotil recycled (adj) /ri;'sarkld,/
arr (n,
,,4
rc:(r)/ \rm recycling (n) lrir'sarkhg/
orienteering(n) irrrian'trarrn/ aluminium (n) /;alio'rnrniarn/
paddle (n) I'pedl/ reduee (v) lrr'clju:s/ &w
amount (n) /g'maunt/ *w regularly (adv) /'regislelil {}xx
parachute jump (n) /'p.eroJurf (n)
penguin (n) l'peggwrn/
,r.tr3amp/ ant la;ntl resource (n) /rr'slrs. -'zrrsl *w
automatic (adj) /c:to'metrk/ {}w review (n) /n'vjur/ Sw
perfect (adj) /'psrfrkt/ &w autumn (n) l'r:tern/ Stw
point (n) /plntl Ox rubbish (n) /'r,a^br.[ &w
average (n) /'nverrclg/ *w run out of (v) /,r,tn 'aut ev/ &s
presenter (n) lpn'zentelr)/ (n) /'betri/ &w
professor (n) lpre'fesa(r)/ Sw
battery save (v) lserv/ *w
bin (n) ,4xn/ Sw second-hand(adj) l,sekand'hcncl/
rainforest (n) /'rernforrst/ blow down (v) /,blau'daun/ Sm
river (n) /'nva(r)/ Oxr several(adj) /'sevral/ *rx*
branch (n) ,&ro:nlJ/ &x shoot (v) /.l"urti Sw
sail(around) (v) 1'serl (e ,rar"rnd)l &m carefully (adv) /'keefelil *w
sailing (n) I'serhrj/ k simple (adj) /'srrnpl/ Sm
caterpillar (n) /'[<eteprla(r')/ smart (adj) /srnart/ &*x
scuba-diving(n) l'sku:be,darvrg/ cause (v) /k;r:z/ sw
sea (n) /si:/ &w solar (adj) /'saulo(r)/ Sw
concerned (adj) /kan'ssrnd/ Swr solution(n) /sa'lu:Jn/ Sw
seed (n) lsirdl 0r convince (v) /kon'vrnsl *w
set off (phr v) /,set 'of/ &w
source (n) /s:rs/ &w
create (v) &ri'ert/ *w space (n) /spers/ Sm
shark (n) /.fork/ damage (v) /'ckn-rrd3/ *rw
shy (adj) /Jar/ 0r superfood (n) /'su:peiurd/
deal(n) /di:l/ &w Swiss army knife (n) l,swrs '<umi ,narf/
skill(n) lskru &m dealwith (phrv) /'dirl,u,r0/ &
skydiving(n) I'skardarvr4/ throwaway(v) l,Breue'wer/ &
destroy (v) /dr'strorl &w tour (n) /tue1r1/ &'rx
slowly (adv) /'sioulil *w' develop (v) /dr'velap/ k
snow (n) isnau/ &m tree house (n)
/'tri: ,haus/ Sw
digital(adj) i'drd3rtV kr use (v) &w
/.iu:z/
stay (with) (v) /'ster (,wrd)l Sw Earth (n) /srO/ &w
stop off (phr v)
/stop 'of/ 8w
useful(adj) l'iu:sfll &
ecologieal (adj) /irka'lnd3rkl/ useless (adj) I'ju:sies/ Sw
strategy (n) /'stretadgii &w (adj) k (v)
SUP (Stand Up Paddle-boarding) (n)
electronic /rlek'tronrk/ waste /werstl *w
/,es ,ju: 'pil {,stand waterproof (adj) l'w:xtepru:f/
,,tp 'pti:dl ,br:drq r/

surf (on)(v) t's:rf ,on {

weight (n) /wcrt/ Orr
)1

surfing (n) /'s:rfrq; wind-up (adj) /'warntl ,np/

world (n) 7rl3;ld1 Orlr
worried (adj) r'w,rrid./ Or

Listen to the words and check your pronunciation.

 ,',,::lt:l::1',,,,,,,,r,:,:
1 .r I rir:j::::.:tat:ajt:t:uutt:l

l,terk sam,taim

/'terk,lp/ &a

.,.
around I,trnvlo'raunctr/ &w
time /,welst'talm/ Sw
.

(n) l'wnril Sw
-(ilh
\n\
ability(n) /a'brlgti/ Sw

It
ge(i:illaii get wet
alternative (adj / n) /rrl'tsrnetrv/ .{}w
apply for a eo$rse ie,plar fer e 'kclsl *w
apply for a job /a,plat far a 'd3nb/ *w
apply for a position la,plat fer c pe'zr.fn/

hopefully (adv) /'haupfali/ *xw apprenticeship (n) la'prentrsJrpl

adapt (v) /o'daept/ *w
adopt (v) /o'doptl k
age group (n) l'erdg ,grurp/ *xxr
agile (adj) l';r,dsarll
ahead (adv) /e'hedi & make a million
ambitious (adj) /arn'br.fas/
audition (n) /rr'drJn/
auto-zoom (n) /'r:feo,zurm/
average (adj) /'evorrrtr3/ &xw
black belt (n) /'blck ,belri ffixw
catastrophe (n) lka't;estrefil
colonize (v)
/'kolanarz/
computer coding (n) /karn'piu;te
,koudll/
connected (adj) lke'nektrd/ Sw
crowded (adj) /'kraudrdi &a
definitely (adv) /'rlefrnatiil
doubt (v) ldatn/ Sw'
earn nnoney /,sm'm,rnii' Sw
epidemic (n) /epr'ciemrk/
executive (n) ftg'zekjatrv/ Sw
get a bank account i,gei e 'ba:1k
e,kaunt/ &
get a boyfriend / girlfriend
'bcrf rend,'g:rlfr:endl Sw
get a degree /,get o dt'grirl
get a driving licence /,get a'drarvrq
,larsns/ k
get a job /,get e 'd3nb/ &*x'
get a new hobby /,Eet e ,njur 'hobi/ &w
get a pension /,get e 'penJn/ &w
get a phone l,get a 'faun/ k
get a soeial rnedia account /,get a ,seu.|'l
'mirdia e,kaunt/ Sm
get involved with a charity /,get
rn,volvd wid e 't.l'erati/ *w
get married /,get 'mmrid/ &m
get old l,get 'ouldl Sry , .. i
' ,
karate (n) /ks'rcuti/ attendcollege /a,tencl'kolrd3l Sw
life expecta ncy (n) l'larf rk,spektansil attend school ia,tenci'sku:li *w
likely (adv) /'larklil &w attend university /a,tend.iutnr'vs:sali/
look aflteryourself /,hrk'orfte jc:,self/
k (n) /ber/ k
bay
dollars l,merk e ,mrljen behave(v) /br'herv/ Sw
'dnlaz/ Sw bell(n) lbet/ k
manipulate (v) lma'nrp-iulertl boarding school (n) 1'br:drt3 ,sku:l/ {}w
miss (v) imrs/ Sw' challenging (adj) /'tJ'eehndSrq/ &ew
moon (n) /mu:nl Sw chance (n) lt.ficrnsl {}w
musicfestival (n) /'miurzrk,festrvl/ &x conclude (v) /kan'klurcl/ *w
optimistic (adj) /nptr'mrstrk/ construction (n) /kan'str.tkJ'n/ *w
piece (n) /pi:s/ k court (n)/ke:tl &w
process (v) /'prouses/#w creative (adj) /kri'ertrv/ k
retireyoung /rr,tara'j.rq/ Sw distracted (adj) /drs'trektid/
robot (n) /'raubrt/ do a eourse l,dur e 'k::sl &w
screen (n) lskri:nl &ry do a degree /du: e dr'grir/ &w
k settle dourn l,setl 'daun/ &w do an apprenticeship /,du: an
simply (adv) l'srmplii &rw e'prentrs.[lpl
spend some tlrne abroad /,spencl sem do homework 1,du:'hcumwgrk/ &w
,tarm p'brcrd/ *sx' emergency (n) /i'm:irclgensi/ Sw
engineering(n) /endgr'nrarrl/ {3vm
l,get o
k
,

get rich r,gct 'ntJr Onr

gravity (n) /'grcvcti/ O*r
have a family i,hirv e 'famalii Oa

ll::;:t::ll:1,
,,
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Q Use the card in the back of the book to access your Wordlist audio files at www.oxfordlearn.com.
fail exams l,fcrl rg'zamzi On I

,1'il*",,rn;ii"l*,,geiairwnliii ker;'n, j
3:lA;:l"J'#lio , f::,ili;:,tlio"
orr I

|
k ^M 4ffi
!:lll,:"ffil'fii,,lir.i,'"'a'knrrd3i -ry/'X -./I
-i#*#p;:11l'l
graffiti(n) rgru'firtir
:,,'"".' l-ry@ wff

t'ffi*
I

[IT:?,'J(",:!]) ,lf];lril"&, I

*#"'=:*-"-
.T,,*"rrd,,o''
*;i;i(,ir)
rnanagernent l'mienrd3ment/ On
tffi E*
matter (n) ,'mret.){r}. Ot
mixed school (n) /'mrkst ,skurV S*
necessary(adj) /'neseseri/ *w train
-- to be a lawyer /,trern to ,trir o equally (adv) /'irkwcli/ Sw
nursing (n) /'n:rsrp/ Sk ,
fair (adj) /tee(r)l &w
ouey riles ta,ber'.iutlzt&m -rjtl#?:rytysicist (n) /'ferve(r)/ Src
old-fashioned(adj) /,eulcl'feJncVSw'frzrsrsf/ ^ /,trernra ,bir .: favour
generous (adj) l'clSenoros/ &w
ordina,ry (adj) /'crclnri/ Sw train to be an engineer /,trern te ,bi: an heroic(adj) lha'rourki
panic (v) /'penrki end<r'i.ria(r)/ * homeless (adj) /'haumlesi
paramedic (n) /Fara'mcdrk/ truthln) /trurOt *w honest (adj) I'onrst/ k'
paSS exarns l,pors Ig zam'l./ ^
iJrt tUrn dOwn (phr v) /,tsln ,daiin/ *w introduce (v) irntre'dju:s/ &w
passion /'paJ'nl Sw
(n) unique (adj) /juni:k/ Sw junkfood (n) /'c13.,r,nk,furdl &w
performing arts (n) /pe,fcrmrq 'orts/ variety (n)
"'lve;raraty g4*
kind(adj) lkarnd/ k
&K wiae (aiji /ward/ *w lower (adj) /'leue(r)/ &w
pilot (n) I'parlet/ &m* main (adj) lmern/ Sw
pressure (n) l'preje(r;l Sx medicaltreatment(n) /'medrki
prinnary school (n) I'prerrrnari ,skurl/ Sr
Yr
accuse (v) ir'kjurzl k ,tri:tr-nant/ &w'
procedure (n) lo*'ri].i;;ir;1'.^ur!
' -' ' airn (n /v) /ermr *w opportunity(n) /opo'tjurnati,' Sw
itor,iuii.a iri:t ro*;r,it'i'or v) /e'wrrcv onr organized (adj) I'rrgenorzcV &w
iafe (adj) )'r;it e* award (n /
(n)
rihoirdiliuii(n) or ban (n/v) '/ben/ k' owner I'oune(r)/ &wr

scNrool-leaver(n) l,ririi,l,""rtry''
-".
/,sku:l'holader/
belief (n) ibr'lirf/ &w patient(adj) /'pcr.l'nt/ Sw
believe (v) /br'ti:v/ &m personally (adv) I'ps:saneii/ &w
school rule (n) l,rt",iT*'i)'o"r-' petition(n) lpa'tr.lnl
school unirdrrn 1n1 i rr.*'i":*,",rr,*l boycott (n / v) /'bcrkr:t/
power (n) i'paua(r)/ $m
*ffi brave (adj). lbrerv/ &w
pirate (n) l'pavatl
science (n) /'sarons/ Sw /v)
campaign (n /ka:m'perni S'w
prevent (v) /pn'venti €rm
secondary school (n) r;r.tanari
ca ptivity (n). /kep trveti/
,skurll character (n) /'karektet r1l Cr* prison (n) /'pnzn/ &w'
&K progress (n) /'prougresl *w
single-sex school (n) /'srngl rDv'rr
clev-er-(adj) l'klcve(r)l $m
,seks ,skurll
''r\!'" confident (adj) /'konlrclantl 6* proposal(n) lpra'pouzl/ *w
,oO"irUt. 1uOi1 l,ri,i;"Uy""""r
(v) propose (v) lpre'peuz/ Sw*
society (n) 'L"'ro,"rii"d*
consider /ken'srde(r;i Om
or
criminal(n) . /'krrmrnl/ protest (n) /'proutest/ &w
structured /'srr^kr;od;*ffi protest (v) /pra'test/ *w
" desperately (adv) /'desperetlil sw
study engine"ring )lrJi'*n,l3r'rrr"rrs, raise (v) /rerzl &m
.g,,{, donate (v) .ldau'nert/
donation (n) /deu'ner'fnl receive (v) /rr'sirv/ *w
rtuJy *"n"gement /,sr.r.di
r'u(r\sr reject (v) lrr'd3ektl Sw
;#;;#rr/ 6* due(adj) /djur/ Ow.
reward (n /v) /rr'wc:d/ &w
rtudl stiinee sw eco-tour company (n) /'irkao
l,qtadi'sarens/ 't.a serve (v) /s:r:v/ QK
take'classes /,terk'klorsrz/ O! . ^ . {i'r;r
-:knlp?ni/ i'el3tl ^ sign (v) /sarnr
teaching(n) /ltirtJ'rgr Onr efiort(n)
encourage (v) /rn'k'rrrcl3i On signature (n) r'srgnetJa{r;r O;r
end (n / v) rcndr Oa soldier (n) /'scold3ctr)l Gr

Listen to the words and check your pronunciation. Wordlist 99

spontaneous (adj) /spon'ternias/
spread (v) ispretli Onr
supporter (n) /so'prrte{rr' Om
surgery (n) I's:rtlSeri/ Ox
suspicious (adj) lse'sprJosl Srw
sympathetic (adj) lsrmpa'0el rki Orl
tax (n) ,'treksr Gr
thoughtful(adj) /'0r:tfll
unemployed (adj) /,tnrm'pl:rrd/ Sw
unfortunately (adv) l,tn'fc:tJenetli/ Sw
victim (n) /'vrktim/ k
volunteen (n) /vo1on'tro(r)l
wallet (n) /'wnlrt/ 0m
WW
act (v) /ektl Sw
action (n /adj) I'aekJn/ $w
actor (n) /'ekte{r1/ *m
ada ptation (n) /ecleep'ter.f'nl
adventune (n / adj) /ad'vent.fa(n)/ Sw
amazed (adj) /e'merzd/ k J9T?-OJ9]-J
animation (n /adj) /;enr'mer.fnl
anxiety(n) laeq'zaretil &x release (v) ln'li:s/ &m' Unit 2
awaken (v) /o'werkon/ art gallery (n) I'ort ,gaelori/ &m
role (n) /rooli Orn
bet (v) lbet/ *m cart (n) lko;tl
romance (n /adj) /rau'mrcns/ &w
captain (n) l'krcptrn/ &w
science fiction (n / adj) /,sarons 'frkJ'nl cottage (n) /'kotrdgl &w
classic (adj) /'klieslk/ &,w \.,l?? countryside (n) /'k,rntrisarrl/ &w
comedy (n /adj) /'knmacli/ & separate (adj) /'sepretl Sw depressing (adj) /dr'presrn/ &xw
contestant(n) lken'testeintl special effect (n) l,spe.l"l r'fekt/ &w drawn (adj) ldrcrn/ *w'
crime (n / adj) /krarrn/ Sw k foreground (n) I'f:rgraund/
spy(n) /spar/
direct (v) /do'rekt, dr-, dar-l &, gloomy (adj) /'glurmi/
star (n /v) lstc:(r)/ &w
director (n) lcle'rekte(r), clr-, daiJ &w haymaker (n) /'hermerke(r)/
suffer (v) l'safe(r)/ Ssw
display (n / v) /et'splei/ Sw (n) *w
thriller (n / adj) /'0rrlo(r)/ landscape /'iiendskerp/
drama (n /adj) l'drs:mel Sw
trivia (n) I'trwial meadow (n) /'inecleu/
edible (adj) /'*:debll modern art (n) /,modn 'ei;t/ Ssa
unbelievable (adj) /anbr'ii:vobl/
effect (n) /r'fekt/ &. original(adj) lo'nd3onl/ &
viewer (n) /'vju:e(r)/ *rx'
entertaining (adj) /enta'ternrl/ &w winner (n) /'wrna(r)l k portrait (n) I'putrertl &w
episode (n) /'eprsaud/ {}w write (v) /rart/ &w rural (adj) l'ruerell &w
fantasy (n /adj) /'fantesi/ &w (n) lsi:n/ &
writer (n) /'rarto(r)/ &m' scene
genre (n) ;'3nnla/ &rr (n) l'znmbil scenery (n) l'sirnari/
zombie
gossip (n) /'cnsrp/ (adj) $w
urban l'srtron/
graphie novel (n) /,gr;efrk'novli k
guess (v) /ges/ Swr Unit 3
horror (n /adi) /'hore(r)/ & abroad (adv) /e'bru:d/ &w
humour (n) /'hjurmo(r)/ Sxx accommodation (n) lckoma'deiJnl Srw
imagination (n) /rn-rncl3r'nerJ'n/ &w coordinator (n) /kau'r:drnerte(r)/
intelligence (n) An'tehciSens/ &w detail(n) /'dirterl/ &w
issue (n) /'rJ'ur/ *w dish (n) /dr! &w'
Unit 1
lifetime (n) /'larftarm/ bargain (n) /'bo:gen/ host family (n) /,heost 'fernoli/ *w
rnanga (n /adj| /'mrenge/ button (n) /'ba,tn/
mirror (n) I'mrre(r)/ Sw
marry(v) /'meri/ Sm design (n) /dr'zarnl S*
optional (adj) /'opJonll
missing (adj) l'mrsrn/ Sw vegetarian (adj) ived3e'teorisnl
fit (v) lfrrl &w
mixture (n) /'mrkstJe(r)l Sw wardrobe (n) /'wrrdraiib/
fitting room (n) /'frtrq ,rurm/
rnusieal (n /adj) /'mjurzrkl/ Sw (adj) /'mirdism/ 0k"
water park (n) l'wrrte ,pc:k/ Sw
medium
mystery (n /adj) /'mrstri/ Sw sale (n)
lserll S:r Unit 4
nominate (v) l'nnmrnert/ shop assistant (n) /'Jop e,srstenti bar (n) /bq:(r)/ *ffi'
nomination (n) /nomr'nerfn/ shoppingtrip (n) /'J'opiq,trrpl bottle (n) I'borL On
part (n)
iporti ()rr size (n) /sarzl Sw box (n) lbnksi Ch;
premiere(n) /'prcmicerr)/ sleeve (n) islirv/ Chn can (n) /kani Or
prince (n) lprrnsr Or spot (n) rrpou Ou ;;;i;;r"ii;j 1di'c,crcrcn,
princess (n) /prrn'ses/ Or stripe
ilf (n) istrarpl Orr.
lrpe,!n'.l,',,,.:,.lqt
headache (n) /'hederk/ Gr
private detective (n) /,prarvct dr'tcktrv/ t lil.:!rr.(.n.),.,,,;rl'.ilit!{'ri
light bulb (n) /'lart ,hnlh/
recover (v) /rr'k,rva{r)/ On '::l::
painkiller(n) /'pernkrlo(r)/

@ Use the card in the back of the book to access your Wordlist audio files at www.oxfordlearn.com.
 paracetamol (n) rpa:rr'si:rrmnl, Unit 2 herbicide (n) / b:rbrslrd/
sensitive (adj) /'scnsrr rv, #*w associate (v) 1r'saosicrt' $w nutrient (n) /'n jurl rianr,
shampoo(n) /"f;ein'pur/ bright (adj) /braitl *cs oppose (v) l*'pauz/ *w
soap (n)
,s:rup' #rw complementary (adj) knrrrplr'nrcntri, overuse(n) /ouva'ju:s/
toothpaste (n) I'tu:Spersr/ harmon!ous (adj) /hrir'meuni*sl resistance (n) /rr'zisians/ #pa*
tube (n) /r.iu:b/ #xw pale (adj) lpeil/ #w specific (adj) lspe'srf rki fu
type (n) ltarpl #w pastei(adj) /'pastl/ *wr weed (n) lwircll
washing-up liquid (n) t,wnJrq '.tnr primary (adj) l'praimeri/ #wr &.fnit 6
,lrkwtdi seeondany (adj) l'sekenrlri/ *wr (n)
badminton /'ba:dmrntanl
Unlt 5 vibrant (adj) I'varbrent/ benefit (v) /'benofrtl *x*s
join (v) icls;rrni {3wr wheel(n) iwi:1/ #ws competitive (adj) ikern'petotivi {}rcr
member (n) /'mcnrba(r;i fu {.Nnit 3 contrast (n) I'koirtr'<r:sf/ #wq
perform (v) /pa'N'r:m/ fu above (prep) ia'tr,n'/ #ws cross-country (adj) l,krrrs'k,rntri/
selfie (n) /'seifi/ below (prep) &r'xaul ffiw cycling (n) I'sarklinl #w
show (n) /.1-ori/ #w condense (v) lkon'clens/ daily (adj) /'derli/ {3ss
Umlt 6 constantly (prep) l'knnst;rntli/ dSxw diving (n) /'clarvr4i
catering (n) i 'kertsr.rnl *rn continuous (prep) /kan'trnjues/ {3wr endorphin (n) /en'cbrfrni
retail (n) /'ri:rerll *xcq evaporate (v) lr'vi*parertl fair play (n) l,{ea'pler,/ #w
tourism (n) /'lualrzem/ flow (v) /{tou/ k gymnastics (n) /c15im'nustrksl
Unlt ? gas (n) lgiesi' #ew individual (adj) /rncir'vrdgu:l/ ffie*
campaigner (n) ikie*n'perno{r)l gradually (adv) l'qra:cl3uolil #w jumping (n) i'dS,tmpini #ww
central(adj) /'senfraX/ #wr
heat (v) /hirtl #wr lifesaving(n) i'larfservrnl
innocent (adj) liquid (n) /'hl<wrri/ {h,ts{ lifestyle (n) I'l;ulstarl/
l'rrresnti #s*s
march (n) lmo:rji #xr*r movement (n) l'mutvn1ontl #sgq mind (n) lrnarnd/ #xw
organizer (n) l'::gonruz*(r)/ precipitation (n) /pnsrtrrr'rerjn/ moderate (adj) /'moiieroti
pacifist(n) /'pcsrfrsrl rainfall (n) I'rernf:::l/ motivation (n) /mautr'vei.lirl fu
placa rd (n) remain (v) ln'merni *w overweight(adj) /ouv*'w,err/
l'grl:e kc:di
unacceptable (adj) roam (v) /roum/ push-up (n) l'pu,f ,apl
/anak'septcbl/ #wr
sleet (n) lsli:fi respect (n) /rr'spekt/ 4bew
Un6* I solid (n) /'solrd/ #*n rounders(n) /'raunclezl
confusing (adj) lkon'fju:zn1/ &r state (n) istert/ #pa* rugby (n) i 'r,r,Eiri/
enemy (n) /'enomil #wr stream (n) istrirm/ #wr running (n) l'r,,rnr6l €3w*
fight (v) /faitr #m surface (n) l's:rfrsl #w swimming (n) l'srvrnrrq/ #xrv
su perhero (n) /'su:pohrcr':xrl vapour (n) /'verpeg')/ vigorous (adj) \ rqrr.r\
{Jmit 4 tlnit ?
cocoa (n) /'kaukerul accept (v) lok'septi *w
Umi* n community (n) lka'm"iurnetii' {}wr accurate (adj) l'*:k"irreti fu
bamboo (n)
/bam'br,ul condition (n) /ken'dr.fn/ *ew administrator (n) rrl'nrnr\llcrrr{rI
eom'lfortable (adj) l'k,^.nrfrebil #wr extra (adj) 1'ekstra/ fu agree (v) /o'griri {}vw'
cotton (n)
ikntnl {-}g$q fairtrade (n) I'featnercl/ ambition (n) lrem'brJ'd ffixw
delieate (adj) i'detrkrri #w* hurt (adj) /h::tl tu cltizen (n) l'srtrzn/ *sss
exist (v) /rg;'zrstl #w label(n) /'ierbll *ses eornupted (adj) lkr'r.tptrcl/
fahrle (n) t'frcbnki pesticide(n) /'pest:sarrl/ democracy (n) ictrr'ntnkr*sil &*s
fibre (n) I'fartro(r )i plantation (n) /plr;n'tei.{'nl elect (v) ii'lektl &cry
nylon (n) l'narlnn/ price (n) iprarsi *xw foreigner(n) /'fnrona(r)i
polyester(n) ipnli'esra(r)i profit (n) /'prnfrti #w Seneral (n) l'cl5enraV {}w
silk (n) /srlk/ {3we slogan (n) /'slsr;gan/ greed (n) /sri:cll
smocth (adj) /smurdi #w Umlt 5 lottery (n) l'lntoril
soft (adj) isnttl #eq alter (v) /'::1ta(r)/ #w pebble (n) /'petrl,r
suit (n) lsu:t/ #s* cell(n) /seN/ #wry representative (n) /repn'zent.:trvi #w
sweater (n) /'swetelr)i #*w characteristic (n) /kprokta'rrstrk/ #w slave (n) /slervl
synthetic (adj) /srn'llerrki' chemical (n) l'keinrki/ #ps system (n) i'srstaml #sve
T-shirt (n) /'ri: ,.[sr!:/ erop (n) /knopl *wr take part (v) l,terk'xrcr:t/ *w
textile(n) l'reksrarl/ determine (v) /dr't:rmrn/ {hw task (n) ,rtii;sk/ ffisqry
tracksuit(n) l'rr:eksu:l/ dlsease(n) /ch'zirzl ffiw vote (n /v) lvcut/ #a*q
warm (adj) /wr:m/ *F:w doubt (n) lclaritl *rw N,.!mit &
t*later-resistamt (adj) /'wr:te rr,zrstan{/ g*ne (n) /cigi:n/ #w alien (n) l'ertriani fu
wool(n) /wrill fu genetieengineering(n) /dSa,nerrk attack (v) la'trckl {}w
end3i'n:arrgl *tree a uthor (n) l'rr8a(rjl {}*s
CMO (genetically mod ified orga nism) background (n) /'brkgraund/ #wr
(n) r,d3i: ,enr 'cti id31,n*1ikli ,mndrfirrtl bacteria (n) lbiek'trerie/ #ss
')lgtntzJml, escape (v) /r':kr'rp/ #vcr
influence (v) ''1nf lLrrn\,i #Fs
Listen to the words and check vour sronunciation. tdofdlist 101
 invade (v) /rn'r'crd, queue (n) ,k.iu:/ Unit 8
legacy (n) ,'lcs.-rsi/ typically (adv) I't Iprkli/ #w a.f'Lue (v) rc'{.1'i:v/ Sss
narraior (n) /no'rerta{rJ/ #w unwanted (adj) ,nn'r,r nnl tdr bandmate (n)
' /'harndmcrr,
necessity (n) , n.'r'se.ct i/ Unit 5
principal(n) ,'pnn."plr Sw
Nobel Prize (n) I,nrobel 'prarzr bury (v) ,'heri $sr slacker (n) /'slrckrt r r/

orbit (n) /':rbrt/ *wr capsule(n) l'k:epsju:l/ substitute (adj) /'sabstrtiu:t/

pessimistic (adj) /pesr'rrustrk/ chalk (n) tt:fc;kt
plot (n) lplntl #wa document (n) /'clnkjumant/ #w
probe (n) lprpub/ *w logo (n) /'laugc,r/ Unit ?
publication (n) lpnblr'kerJ'n/ #w marble (n) "rntr:hl' &w cute (adj) tkiu;tt
response (n) /n'sponsl #w official (adj) /e'trJ'tr/ *wr
robotic (adj) lrgu'bntrk/ t!nit 3
slate(n) lslerti parachuting (n) /'perejurtril/
scientific research (n) lsaron,trirk ton (n) l{rnl #w
fr').Jlf.l, rir-/ \ffi USB stick (n) /,ju: ,es 'bi: ,strkl Unit 5
situation(n) /srt.{"u'er.f'n/ *xw &Jnit 6
charity (n) l'tf;erotil
sympathy (n) i'srrnpa0ii *w
argument (n) /'orgjuiuoni/ ffiw [Jnit 7
theme (n) /oi:m/ *wr (v)
finance (n) I'farn;ens/ *w allow /o'laul #sw
manufacturer (n) /m;cnju'frekt.f;:rra(r)/ careful (adj) 1'keefl/ #xqv

{3ffi flight (n) lflart/ #w

l,imfit 1 marketing (n) /'mu:kit14/ #w get rid of l,get 'nc! cvi *sr
afro (n) /'iefr-au/ media (n) ,/'mirdia/ fu hunger(n) /'h.t6ga(r)l
beard (n) lbradl #w placement(n) l'plersmont/ rule (v) /ru:V #vw
disco (n) /'cirskar,l work experience (n) i 'w:::k tk,sprarians/ sympathize (v) /'snnpc8atzl
dye (n) leiarl Lr@ weapon (n) l'wepr*nl {3a*w
extension (n) hk'sten.l'n/ *w Unit ?
hairstyle (n) /'he*starll acceptance (n) iak'septens/
layer (n) i'leia(r)l #wlr contribution (n) /kontrr'bjur.l'nl *w
Mohawk (n) l'rneohr:kl culture (n) /'k,tltJ'e(r)/ #sfe
moustache (n) hna'stc:.1-l founder (n) l'flaiincletr)/
mullet (n) I'rnnXrcl hideaway(n) /'harelowerl
punk (n) /p.tnk/ race (n) /rersl tws
shave (v) i.l"ervcl/ religion (n) irr'lrcl3an/ {}wr
Unit 2 self-confidence (n) l,self 'kr:nftclans/
aroma (n) /*'r;xlmpl tolerance(n) I'tntrerans/
coastline (n) /'koust larnr youth project (n) /'.iurt| ,prnd3ekti #ffi
location (n) /1oti'ker.fnl fu Umit I
navigate(v) /'ncvrgertl best-seller (n),&est'selslr)/
port (n) /pr:{/ #w bookworm (n) /'bukws:ml
sand (n)
is:enci/ {}w master (adj) I'mo:sto(r)/ #:m
seaside(n) /'gi:sarcl/ novelist (n) /'nnveltstl *sw
upload (v) lp'loudi oral (adj) /'r:i'pl/ *Eqs
wind (n) lwrnrl/ #sqry romantic (adj) /rao'rn*:nlrkl *w
Umit 3 storytelling (n) /'s*rritehl/
adventurous (adj) /rcl'ventJ"ercsi suitable (adj) /'su:tabll *w
bronze (n) lbrnnzi #w translate (v) ilra:ns'lert/ Sws
expedition (n) iekspo'drJni workshop (n) l'wsrk.f'np/ {}w
gold (n) lEarikll *w
qualification (n) /kwohfr'kerJ"n/ *'cw
section (n) l'sek.firl *w Unit 2
silver (n) /'srlve(r)l k
light (adj) /lait/ &ry
special needs (n pl) l,spe.l'l 'nirdz/ {}xw (n) /'m,tst ,hnv/
must-have
volcanic(adj) /vnl'krcnrk/ quality (n) l'kwoloti/ #w
Umit &
Unit &
car boot sale (n)
l,ho: 'bu:t ,serli *w mainly (adj) /'meIr.rli/ *wq
common (adj) /'knrnon/ *w
summary (n) /'s,trnilril ffiw
get rid of (v) lget ud nvl
survey (n) l'ss:ver/ ffiw
habit (n) I'heblt/ *rw
ideal (adj) k
lar'c{i:al/ Unit 6
item (n) /'artaml fu bake (v) ,rberk/ fu
negoiirte 1u1 , nr'gru.[icrt ' $mv food stall (n) /'f u:cl ,sl rrl/
pick up (phr v) r,prk 'np' & profile (n) .'preufal17 Sm

tOZ Wordlist S Use the card in the back of the book to access your Wordlist audio files at www.oxfordlearn.com.

Talking about the past
When did you last... ?
At what age did you first... ?
When was the last time that you ... ?
What was the last ... that you ... ?
What did you ... last / on ...7
Shopping for elotkes
They're a bit baggy / tight.
It's / They're (so) expensive / lt's a bit I much too... .
comfortable.
Those are cool trousers / jeans.
You / They look really good.
lt isn't /lhey aren't really my style.
Why don't | / you try it / them on ?
It /They really suit(s)you.
Sescrihimg a sp*eifie tirne period
past
In the (fifties),... . However,....
It was the decade when ... .
ln those days, ... .
At that time, ... .
During this decade f era, ... .
Makimg plans f*r free tinne
l've heard (it's a bit boring).
It doesn't sound much fun to me.
What do you fancy (eating)?
Can't we ... ?
Why not try ... ?
I think you'll enjoy it.
Fxpressing recommendations
Don't forget to try ... .
It's one of the most... in the world.
It's quite an experience.
They're (all) worth seeing.
We're looking forward to (seeing you).
unit 3 What should I do?
ffixchar*girng newx
I haven't seen you
for ages.
What have you been up to?
Have you been doing anything
specia l?
We've got (exams) all week.
Cood luck with that.
It was good to see you again.
Listen to the words and check your Bronulnciation.
Describing an activity As a result,....
It's a (water sport) which has become To conclude, ... .
very popular. I feel / believe ... .
It involves (standing on a board). so,... .
It's easy / difficult to learn.
When you're learning, it's best to ... .
Check out (online communities).
&uilding am argumemt
We believe we must (recycle our
ru bbish).
Conrparimg products We want the government to (make it
What do you think of this / these ... ? necessa ry eve rywhe re).
I like the ... of it / those. This would lead to (everyone recycling
their rubbish).
lt's (not) as f so... as ... . The main reason for recycling is (to
I much prefer that one / those ones. save the planet).
Which one is better / cheaper? It's definitely worth the effort.
Advant*6es and disadvantages Coresidening all op&iens
People may...
It's very ... to ... . .
It's important to ... .
We found it really... .
!m the My only problem was that ... . l'm (not) in favour of ... .
The biggest disadvantage is ... . l'm against....
I would encourage everyone to... .
5*-4
Tafi$<img about p|ams
You've got a... ahead.
Don't forgetyou've got a ... this Re*ommendations amd preferenc*s
afternoon. How /What about (going to the
l've got... today, remember? cinema)?
Can you remind me to tell him ... , too? l'm a big fan (of his).
I don't fancy (an adventure film).
SpeeuIatlng ahclr"lt thc fxxture
l'd rather see (a science fiction film).
| (don't) see myself + verb + -ing ... .
You might prefer (Beyond Mars).
l'm not looYo sure about ... .
l'd prefer to see (something I haven't
I wonder what ... .
seen).
I hope ... .
l'm not really into that kind of thing.
I guessthat ... .
I suppose that ... . Writimg a nevisrs
I don't imagine that... . lU like to talk about....
Who knows.... It was written by... .
It was directed by... .
The book is about....
It's a m ixtu re of ... .
fsr amd giving adviee
As$rimg It stars ... .
The main character(s) is / are ... .
What would you do if you were me? The thing I liked most about ... was ...
Have you spoken to (your teachers) All in all, l'd recommend ... to... .
about it? I enjoyed ... because ... .
Can you give me any advice?
Don't oanic.
You need to (speak to someone).
My advice is to (get help now).
6iwimg your final opimi*n
All in a|1,....
In my opinion,....
Key phrases 103
 be lbi'^l was/ were lwnzl ,iwsl(r)/ been lbitnl
beat lbull beat lbittl beaten l'bi'^tnl
bite lbafil bit lbrtl bitten I'bfinl
blow lbleul blew iblur/ blown ibleun/
born lbcnl born lbc'^nl born lbc;nl
break lbretkl broke /breuk/ broken /'breuken/
bring lbrrql brought lbrcttl brought lbrcftl
buy lbarl bought lbcttl bought lbctll
choose h[u'^zl chose ltlauzl chosen l't[eaznl
deal lditU dea lt ldeltl dea lt ldeltl
do ldutl did ldtdl done ld,rnl
drive ldrall drove ldreuvl d riven /'drtvni
fa ll lfctU fell lfell fallen l'fctlenl
feel lti'^ll felt lfeltl felt lfeltl
forget lfe'getl forgot lfe'gotl forgotten ife'gotn/
get lgell got lgotl got lgotl
give lgwl gave lgewl given I'glnl
grow tgteul grew /grul/ grown /greun/
have lhnvl had lhredl had lhredl

hea r /hre(r)/ heard lhstdl heard lhstdl

hit lhrtl hit lhtll hit lhrtl
hold /heuld/ held lhel'dl held lheldl
know lneul knew /nju:/ known /neun/
lend llendl lent llentl lent llentl
lie llatl tay lletl lain lleml
lose llu'^zl lost /lost/ lost /lost/
make lmetkl made lmetdl made /merd/
meet lmi:tl met lmetl met lmetl
pay lpetl paid lpetdl paid lpeldl
put lputl put lputl put lputl
ride haldl rode headl ridden I'rtdnl
run hnnl ran lrr.nl run trNnt

see lsi'^l SAW /SC:/ seen /sirn/

se ll /sel/ sold /seuld/ sold iseuld/
shoot llutll shot l[ntl shot llntl
spend ispend/ spent ispent/ spent /spent/
steal istirl/ stole /steul/ stolen /'steuleni
swim /swrm/ swam iswem/ swum /sw,Lmi
throw l0reul threw l9r.u:,l thrown /0raun/
wake /werk/ woke /wouk/ woken /'waukan/
wear /wee(r)i wore lwtl(r)l worn lwc'^nl
win lwrnl won lwt'nl won lwttnl

LOA liregular verbs

{
EFifl

Six pages of additional practice per unit of the Student's Book

All core unit exercises at three levels of difficulty

Q fVe W Workbook listening activities allow students to listen

at their own pace
Two-page review after every unit with self-assessment
Regular cumulative reviews of language and skills
Language focus reference with additional practice exercises

. Content carefully aligned to CEFR levels and suitable for self-study

. Consolidation and extension activities cover core grammar and
vocabulary and further develop the four key skills
. Extra functional videos, vox pops and animations to engage
students' i nterest
. Exercises are automatically marked with instant
feedback, saving you time, and providing additional
motivation for students

Workbook audio and Practice Kit at:

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ISBN 978-0-1 9-420229-9

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