INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE IN

HIGHER EDUCATION, BHOPAL

2020-2021

Topic:- SEX LINKED

INHERITANCE

Submitted by:- Submitted to:-

Disha Singare Dr. Ajay Bhardwaj
419164 Prof.,
IEHE(Bhopal)
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE
• SEX CHROMOSOMES
• Y-CHROMOSOMES
• X-CHROMOSOMES
• TYPES OF GENES ON SEX CHROMOSOMES
• INHERITANCE OF Y-LINKED GENES
• INHERITANCE OF X-LINKED GENES
• HEMOPHILIA
• COLOUR BLINDNESS
• INHERITANCE OF XY-LINKED GENES
• DOUBTS
• FAQs
INTRODUCTION

• Sex linked inheritance is one in which a gene for

inherited trait is located on a sex chromosome.
• Usually a recessive one.
• Rarely found in females.
• Examples:-Hemophilia, Duchene dystrophy, eye-
colour in Drosophila, etc
 RED EYED
DISCOVERY ONE

Eye-colour of Drosophila

Male fertility in Drosophila

NEED TO STUDY:-
Morgan was breeding
Drosophila. After observing
thousands of offspring with
red eyes, he obtained one
that had white eyes.
Morgan began breeding the
white-eyed mutant fly and
found that in one generation
of flies, the trait was only
present in males.
SEX
CHROMOSOMES
X-chromosome
Y-chromosome

The Y-chromosome is
comparatively smaller than
X-chromosome in size.
Females have 2 copies of X chromosomes i.e. XX
while males have one copy of each i.e. XY.
Y-Chromosome
• One of the allosomes
• Sex-determining
chromosome in many
species including
humans.
• Can only be passed to
son from father
• One of the fastest-
evolving part of
human genome.
• Carries Gene SRY
which triggers male
development
X-Chromosome
• Hermann Henking, in
lepilez while studying
testicles of Pyrrhocoris
• Carries 804 genes.
• Present both in males
and females.
• Holandric genes or Y-linked
genes:- The genes that are
carried on the Y chromosome
are called holandric genes
2. Sex-linked chromosomes
or X-linked genes:- Sex
linked genes are genes that
are on the X-chromosomes
and that are therefore
inherited differently between
males and females.
Types of genes
present on Sex
chromosomes:-
3. XY-Linked genes:- A
particularly important
category of genetic linkage
has to do with the X and Y
sex chromosomes
Inheritance
of Y-linked Directly inherited from father to
son.

genes
Shows very peculiar patterns.

Some examples are-

Hypertrichosis, Itchyosis hystrix
gravis, Webbed toe, Porcupine
man etc.
• More number of X-linked traits
are inherited than Y-linked ones.
• X-linked inheritance for a
particular gene in females may Inheritance of
either be :- HOMOZYGOUS or
HETEROZYGOUS. sex-linked
• X-linked inheritance in males is
describes as:-
genes
HEMIZYGOUS(because of the
presence of only one X-
chromosome).
 Hemophilia
• Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder
that slows the blood clotting process.
• People with this condition experience
prolonged bleeding or oozing
following an injury, surgery, or having a
tooth pulled.
• The two major forms of hemophilia
occur much more commonly in
males than in females.
• Hemophilia A is the most common
type of the condition.
• Queen Victoria of England was a carrier of the
gene for hemophilia.
• She passed the harmful allele for this X-linked
trait on to one of her four sons and at least two
of her five daughters.
• Her son Leopold had the disease and died at age
30, while her daughters were only carriers.
• As a result of marrying into other European royal
families, the princesses Alice and Beatrice spread
hemophilia to Russia, Germany, and Spain.
• By the early 20th century, ten of Victoria's
descendents had hemophilia. All of them were
men, as expected.
Hemophilia A and hemophilia B are inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The genes associated with
these conditions are located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes.
Because it is unlikely that females will have two altered copies of this gene, it is very rare for females to
have hemophilia. Carrier females have about half the usual amount of coagulation factor VIII or
coagulation factor IX, which is generally enough for normal blood clotting.
 colour • A reduced ability to distinguish

blindness
between certain colours.
• The condition is often inherited. Other
causes include certain eye diseases and
medication.
• More men than women are affected.
• Colour blindness usually involves the
inability to distinguish between shades
of red and green.
• There is no treatment for inherited
colour blindness. If colour blindness is
caused by another condition, treating
the underlying cause can help.
 • The genes that can give you red-green color blindness
are passed down on the X chromosome.
• Since it’s passed down on the X chromosome, red-
green color blindness is more common in men.
• This is because:
• Males have only 1 X chromosome, from their mother.
If that one X chromosome has the gene for red-green
color blindness (instead of a normal X chromosome),
they will have red-green color blindness.
• Females have 2 X chromosomes, one from their
mother and one from their father. To have red-green
color blindness, both X chromosomes would need to
have the gene for red-green color blindness.

Blue-yellow color blindness( chr. 7) and complete colour

blindness are passed down on other chromosomes(2 &
4), so they affect males and females equally.
 CASE 2

CASE 1
 CASE 4

CASE 3
INHERITANCE OF • Segregate like ordinary
autosomal pairs.
XY-LINKED GENES • Present on homologous
regions of X and Y-
chromosomes as allelic
• Total colour blindness pairs.
• Xeroderma pigmentosum ( a skin disease
characterised by pigmented patches and cancerous
growth of the body),
• Epidermolysis bullosa,
• Retinis pigmentosa ( A progressive disintegration of
Retina accompanied by deposition of pigment in
eye),
• Nephritis (A kidney disease),
 YOUR

DOUBTS?
Related Questions:-
Q.1)In a family of four including a normal mother, a
normal father, a color blind son and a normal son; who
do you think has the defective X gene other than the
affected son?
a) The mother, b) The father, c) The normal son, d) The
affected son only.

Q.2)Y linked inheritance is _______________ inheritance.

a) Criss cross, b) Straight, c) Loop, d) Jumping
THANK
YOU!