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Design of H-Bridge
Design of H-Bridge
H-Bridge
ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
EEME2751
STUDENT’S NAME
Hamza Ali bhatti (BME203017)
Ahmed Sohail (BME203007)
DESIGN AND IMPLETATION ON H-BRIDGE
A Project Report submitted to the
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Course Work Third Semester
Faculty of Engineering
Capital University of Science & Technology,
Islamabad
JANUARY. 2022
Copyright 2022 by CUST Student
All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form requires the prior written permission
of Hamza Ali Bhatti / BME203017 or designated representative.
Content
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s
Chapter No 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
(INTRODUCTION)…………………………………………………………………………………………5
1.1 Overview of bridge………………………………………………………………………………………5
1.2 Half H Bridge……………………………………………………………………………………………6
1.3 Applications of H-Bridge Circuit………………………………………………………………………..6
1.4 Advantages of H-Bridge Circuit………………………………………………………………………...6
Chapter No 2………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
literature review……………………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.1 Background thoery………………………………………………………………………………………6
2.2 Related Projects…………………………………………………………………………………………7
Chapter No 3……………………………………………………………………………………………….8
Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………………..8
3.1: Making of an H-Bridge………………………………………………………………………………..8
3.2: Working of bridge……………………………………………………………………………………..8
3.3: Motor connection with bridge……………………………………………………………………..…..8
3.4: Operating with Toggle Switch………………………………………………………………………...9
Chapter No 4……………………………………………………………………………………………….9
4.3 Technique……………………………………………………………………………………………..14
Chapter No 5……………………………………………………………………………………………..14
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5.4 summary……………………………………………………………………………………………17
Chapter No 6…………………………………………………………………………………………..18
Refernces………………………………………………………………………………………………19
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CHAPTER # 1
INTRODUCTION
H-Bridge is a method used to control the activation and output rotational direction of a motor. The H-Bridge
uses the four transistors to control the directional flow of current through the motor. Two of the transistors are
used to close circuits from a 5V power source to the motor while the other two transistors are used to close the
circuit to ground. Figure 1 shows the circuit diagram for a single-directional motor.
If a high signal from the microcontroller is sent to the transistor then 6V will be sent to the motor and the motor
will activate. A more elaborate circuit (an H-bridge) must be used if the operator desires a circuit which will
allow the motor output to rotate clockwise and counter
clockwise. The circuit diagram for an H-bridge
controlled dual-directional motor. In this situation
diodes should be used in order to protect the transistors
from back voltage generated by the motor when power
is cut on and off. Back voltage can be several times
higher than the voltage from the power source.
First, we need to hook up a resistor to each transistor's base. Next, we'll connect each set of resistors
to a common point in preparation to connect a switch. Then we'll add the two switches which also
connect to the positive bus. These switches will activate one half of the H-Bridge at a time.
In modern battery charger for electrical vehicles, H-bridge circuits are used
Summary:
In this chapter, we introduce H-bridge and half H-bridge and also the application of H-bridge.
Chapter NO 2
Literature review
By Preet and Jain (201 2), an eightbit PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) series microcontroller
based control for DC drives to effectively control the output when the input parameters is sudden
change in is personal. microcontroller is programmed by assembly language. By Petru and Maxen
(2005), wireless recorder and transmuter compound with all do motor control system is built dot will
tell the two independent direction which speed they should operate and in what direction Dry Petu
and Mazen (2005), controlling PIN on DE motor. The signal of PWrM1 is generated or an Arduino
Tino board, associates aridi an A Traege 308 microcontroller The TabVTTWi-utilized for sort
Rollins and program Arduino Uno board By Boaz er al (2016), system consists of ATmega328
microcontroller, 8 bit RE module. TI. N2803A and one eight channel relay module is proposed. This
method is used to change the direction and speed of the DO motor
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Chapter NO 3
Methodology
The term H-bridge is derived from the typical graphical representation of such a circuit. An H-bridge is built
with four switches (solid-state or mechanical). When the switches S1 and S4 (according to the first figure) are
closed (and S2 and S3 are open) a positive voltage is applied across the motor.
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.Summary:
In this chapter, we describe the making, working of H-bridge. Also we discuss the motor connection with bridge
and operating with toggle switch.
Chapter No 4
Components, Tools & Technique’s
A solid-state H-bridge is typically constructed using opposite polarity devices, such as PNP bipolar junction
transistors (BJT) or P-channel MOSFETs connected to the high voltage bus and NPN BJTs or N-channel
MOSFETs connected to the low voltage bus.
1. 4 1k resistors
2. 4 transistors PNP (2N2222)
3. DC permanent magnet motor 6v
4. Toggle switch
5. Battery range (6v – 9v)
6. Jumper wires
7. Veroboard
1. Soldering iron
2. Soldering wire
3. Wire clippers
4. DMM Meter
4.3 Technique:
1. Software simulation (proteus)
Components:
Resistor
The CFR Series Carbon Film Resistors are manufactured by coating a homogeneous film of pure carbon on
high grade ceramic rods. After a helical groove has been cut in the resistive layer, Figure1 1k resistor
tinned connecting leads of electrolytic copper are welded to the end-caps. The resistors are coated with
layers of tan color lacquer
Transistor
Feautures
Applications
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DC Permanent Magnet Motor
Key Features:
1. Metal End Cap
2. Oil-impregnated Bearing
3. Precision Metal Brush
4. Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Shaf
Basic Parameters:
Diameter: ∅ 17.1 mm
Motor Type: Low Voltage DC Motor
Applications:
Tattoo machine, medical massager, Hairdryer,
Breast pump, Audio player
Figure 2 DC Motor
Toggle switch:
Uses
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This switch mainly used in making three way switching
Battery:
Long life (cycle characteristics) The 20Ah SCiB™ cell maintains over 70% of its capacity after 20,000
charge/discharge cycles at a tough charge/discharge rate(3C) condition.
Rapid charging.
Long life (float charging).
Low-temperature operation
Figure
Figure 6 5Veroboard
jumper wires
Tools:
Soldering iron:
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Soldering irons are most often used for installation, repairs, and limited production work in electronics
assembly. High-volume production lines use other soldering methods. Large irons may be used for soldering
joints in sheet metal objects.
Soldering wire
Solder wires are generally two different types - lead alloy solder wire and lead-free
solder. There are also rosin-core solder wire which has a tube in the center of the wire
that contains the flux. Lead solder wire is usually made from an alloy of lead and tin
Technique:
Proteus design suite combines ease of use with a powerful feature set to
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enable the rapid design, test and layout of professional
Summary:
In this chapter, we discuss about the tools and components that we use in making of H-bridge. All the thing that
is essential for H-bridge. Also describe the specifications of all tools and components.
Chapter NO 5
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5.1 Software Results
Circuit working in clockwise and anticlockwise direction of motor
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Clockwise direction of motor
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5.3 limitation of working prototype
It is very high efficiency.
It has very low loss.
This circuit can be placed in small places.
5.4 summary:
In this chapter, we discuss the circuit for H-bridge that we made. Also show the working of H-bridge on
software and also the limitation of working prototype.
Chapter No 6
Conclusion and Future Work
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In conclusion an H-bridge DC motor drive circuit was designed using discrete bipolar junction
transistors. This H-bridge circuit was used to operate an dc permanent magnetic motor.
Proteus software was used to simulate the prototype. The DC motors move forward and
backward controlled by push button switches while the motor fan moves clockwise and
anticlockwise direction
The most important application of the H-Bridge circuit as the motor driver circuit.
In modern battery charger for electrical vehicles, H-bridge circuits are used
References
https://easychair.org/publications/preprint_open/M1wv
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-bridge#
Hbridge (slideshare.net)
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Milton. O. 2005.Reliability and failure of Electronic Materials and Devices, Volume
One.2nd Edition.
https://www.circuitlab.com/editor/.
www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.d
V. Gupta, “Working and analysis of the H-bridge motor driver circuit designed for
wheeled mobile robots”, 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computer Control,
IEEE, 2010
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