Name:M.

Arif Class:Bs English 3rd B Morning

Subject:Phonetic and Phonology
Teacher: Sir Sajjad
Topic:
Intonation
Definition:
Convey feelings by words through Intonation. In Intonation the use of pitches
has utterance in linguistic. In some situations pitch is rise and in some
situations it falls and some word are stressed are other are unstressed
according to situation.
e.g.
While pronunciation of word ‘NO’ pitch is raised if mood is angry and pitch will
low if denning in polite manner.

Types of Intonation
1. Form or structure of Intonation
2. Function or meaning of Intonation
Structure of Intonation
A sentence can be divided in 4 parts
 Pre head
 Head
 Nucleus
 Tail
e.g.
We are LEARning a FOREing LANGuAGE.
1 underline words are pre head.
2 underline word is Head.
3 underline word is also Head.
4 underline word is Nucleus.
5 underline word is known as Tail.
Nucleus is the part in which tone rise, high or heavily stress for conning
feelings.
Tone is find by structure.

1. Falling Tones:
First word of sentence will more stress then pitch goes down.
e.g.
HE is very old.
2. Rising Tone:
First words have less force but last word has high pitch.
e.g.
Are the books on the TABLE?
3. Fall-rise Tone:
Use for surprise
First pitch goes down then up.
e.g.
She has got a new car.REALLY!
4. Rise-fall Tone:
Use when someone is impressed .
First pitch goes up then down.
e.g.
REALLY, she is very lucky.
Function of Intonation
Intonation is very area difficult area to know the emotions and what
message a person want to convey.
Foreign cannot understand Intonation only native speaker can
understand it.
1. Attitudinal Function:
It enables a speaker to express emotions and attitudes, when we
speak. This add special kind of meaning to speech.
2. Grammatical Function:
It enables us to recognise the grammatical and syntactical structure
of what is being said.
It may show utterance in question or statements.
3. Accentual Attitude:
It help to produce to effect of prominence on syllable that need to
be perceived when stressed.