MET 201

MODULE 1
AMS
STRESS AT A POINT
Equality of Cross Shears
Prove that cross shears are equal.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
Analyze three dimensional stress system.
Plane Stress
It is the state of stress when stresses acting in any one direction are all zero
zero. If the stresses in z-direction are zero,
Direction Cosines
➢ Consider the plane QRS inclined to the x,y,z axes as shown in
figure
➢ The normal n drawn to this plane will make angles α,β,Ƴ with
the x,y,z axes.
➢ The cosines of these angles are known as direction cosines of
the plane.
➢ The direction cosines cos α, cos β, cos Ƴ can be used to define
the inclinations of the plane QRS.
STRESSES ON ANY ARBITRARY PLANE
Determine the stresses acting on any arbitrary plane passing through the given point.
Normal and Shear stresses
Determine the normal and shear stresses on any plane passing through the given point.
HYDROSTATIC AND DEVIATORIAL STRESSES When a body is acted upon by a
system of stresses, the deviatorial
part produces all the changes of
shape in the body and leads to
failure. The hydrostatic part
produces only volume changes
without any change of shape and is
generally harmless. When the state
of stress is with reference to the
principal axes,
Cartesian Strain Matrix

When the six rectangular components of strain with reference to the cartesian co-ordinate system are known, the state
of strain at any point is completely defined.

This definition is similar to that of stress at a point. Using the six rectangular components, the strain matrix can be
written as:
Plane Strain
❑ A plane strain situation arises when dimension of the body in z-direction is very large.
❑ An example is a long cylindrical roller uniformly loaded around the circumference and along
the length.
❑ See figure In such a problem, it is sufficient to consider only a slice of unit thickness.
❑ A cylindrical tube subjected to uniform internal pressure is another example.
.
PRINCIPAL STRESSES
❖ There exists a plane or planes on which only normal stress is acting (the corresponding shear stress is zero).
❖ Such planes are called principal planes and the normal stress acting on these planes are called principal stresses.
where I 1, I 2 and I 3 are known as stress
invariants. The equation (1.37) is known as the
characteristic equation of principal stresses. The
principal stresses are the three roots of this
equation and are usually denoted as σ1,σ 2 , and
σ3.
Determination of Principal Planes
Stresses on any Arbitrary plane from Principal Stresses
Normal and Shear stresses
Determine the normal and shear stresses on any plane passing through the given point.
Stresses on any Arbitrary plane from Principal Stresses
Normal and Shear stresses
Determine the normal and shear stresses on any plane passing through the given point.
PRINCIPAL STRESSES IN 2-D
Stresses on Arbitrary or Oblique Planes
Principal Stresses.
MOHR’S CIRCLE

In addition to the analytical method, graphical methods are also available to determine:

(a) principal stresses, maximum shear stress and state of stress along any oblique plane, when

the normal stresses and shear stress acting on a body are given.

(b) normal, tangential and resultant stresses on any oblique plane, when the principal stresses

acting on the body are given.