Semester Internship Report

A REPORT ON

SEMESTER LONG TERM

INTERNSHIP IN

Harmony Organics Pvt. Ltd. Kurkumbh

Submitted to the Chemical Engineering Dept.

VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PUNE

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
For the Award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (CHEMICAL)

SUBMITTED BY

AKSHAY HAJARE
(GR. NO. 131292)

Department of Chemical Engineering

BRACT’S Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,
666, Upper Indiranagar, Bibwewadi, Pune – 411 037

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Sr. No. Content Page No.

1. Introduction 3

1.1 Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol 3

1.2 Methyl Pentanone 4
1.3 Cinnamaldehyde (CNMD) 5

2. Properties of Materials 6

2.1 Physical Properties 6

3. Detailed Procedure 7

3.1 Process Description 7

3.2 Batch Inputs & Outputs 8

3.3 Standard Operating Parameters and Time Cycle 9
3.4 Safety operating procedure
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1. INTRODUCTION

Humble beginning with a plant in New Bombay 30 years ago for manufacture of aroma and
specialty chemicals, mainly for the fine chemical industry. The company has made products like
phenyl ethyl alcohol involving use of highly hazardous material like ethylene oxide.
Harmony has been a regular participant in industry conferences and a
member of key trade organizations. As the Company grew in size and tonnages the original
manufacturing site at Mumbai became constraining in terms of expansion potential and hence in
the year 2006 the company established a new manufacturing location at a Chemicals
Manufacturing Hub located at Kurkumbh near Pune, India. This current manufacturing facility is
located on a 6 acre plot at Kurkumbh MIDC ( 70 km from Pune & 300 km from Mumbai) and
manufactures Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol, Styrene Oxide and Methyl-Pentenone as key products
(combined tonnage of 3000 TPA) in addition to several smaller products including Styrallyl
Acetate, Para Cresyl Methyl Ether, Anisole etc. Large customers include the S H Kelkar group &
Oriental Aromatics and Lupin Industries (Pharma). We have successfully executed export orders
to customers in EU & North America.
The company is committed to future growth in the Aroma Chemical
industry with a focus on large tonnage products. Sustainability, environment friendliness and the
safety of our employees and neighborhoods are non-negotiable goals for Harmony. The company
is invested in the welfare of its employees and has continuing investment in upgrading their
skills. Mr. Nangia is always proud to mention the number of highly skilled & devoted operators
that have been with the company more than 30 years.

1.1 Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol :

Phenyl ethyl alcohol is a good flavoring agent and preservative. It is
extensively used in manufacture of synthetic rose perfumes, orange blossom, Jasmine etc. and
also in the synthesis of rose oils. Practically, all rose perfumes are compounded with Phenyl
ethyl alcohol. It is used as perfumery chemical in the cosmetic formulations like detergents,
soaps, perfumes, cosmetic powder and lotions, paste cream etc.

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Figure 1:- Structure of PEA

Phenyl ethyl alcohol is largely used in agarbathi, perfumery, cosmetic and soap
sector. PEA does not have any other chemical substitute which can compete with its price
structure, though Linalool is used to mimic PEA to some extent. There are reported to be over
260 agarbathi producers in Karnataka state itself and around 450 units in the country. Phenyl
ethyl alcohol is used for providing flavor properties to toilet soaps, particularly catering to the
requirement of higher income group Phenyl ethyl alcohol are generally used in the formulation
of perfumery compounds used in product such as face powder, scent, handkerchief perfumes,
shaving cream, cigars etc.

1.2 Methyl Pentanone :

3-methyl-2-pentanone is aliphatic ketone and isomer of 2-
hexanone.Harmony organics produces methyl pentanone on contract manufacturing bases.
Methyl pentanone is ketone and solvent of minor importance . it is comparable to MEK , but has
lower solvency and is more expensive.

Figure 2:- Structure of MPO

It is used widely in pharmaceutical as well as aroma chemical companies.

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1.3 Cinnamaldehyde (CNMD):-

Cinnamaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula

C6H5CH=CHCHO. Occurring naturally as predominantly the trans (E) isomer, it gives
cinnamon its flavor and odor.It is a flavonoid that is naturally synthesized by the shikimate
pathway.

Figure 3:- Structure of CNMD

This pale yellow, viscous liquid occurs in the bark of cinnamon trees and
other species of the genus Cinnamomum. The essential oil of cinnamon bark is about 50%
cinnamaldehyde.

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2.PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
2.1 Physical Properties :

The list of Physical properties of some materials which Harmony

organics produces and which reactants required for production as :

Table 01:

Molecular Boiling Point Flash Point Sp. Gravity

Name of Material weight (O Celsius) (O Celsius)

Styrene 104.15 145 31.1 0.906

H2O2 34 108 12 1.2
HCl 36.5 110 1.2

SCH 1.2
SO 120 194 80 1.05
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol 122 220 96 1.02

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 72 79 -09 0.805

H2SO4 98 337 1.84
Acetaldehyde 44 21 -38 1.52

Benzaldehyde 106 179 64 1.04

Methyl Penta none 86 138 34 0.805
Cinnamic Aldehyde 132 252 71 1.05

1,3-Butanediol 90 207 121 1.005

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3.DETAILED PROCEDURE
In these company there are two plant in that first plant they are produce
Styrene Chlorohydrin crude (SCH) & Methyl Pentanone crude (MPO). In second plant Styrene
Oxide (SO) crude & Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol (PEA).

Plant :-1

Production of Styrene Chlorohydrin Crude :-

3.1 Process Description:-

Step 1. Styrene reacts with H2O2 & HCL to form Styrene chlorohydin crude - Reaction

Styrene when reacts with Hydrogen peroxide & hydrochloric acid forms SCH (Styrene
Chlorohydrin). This is an exothermic reaction.

Reaction : Styrene + H2O2 + HCL Styrene chlorohydrin.

Unit Description : Reactor

Equipment : GLR-I/II/III/IV & V

Type of Reactor : MS Glass line Reactor

Capacity : 12.5 KL

Working Volume : 12500 lit.

Minimum Working Volume : 5000 lit.

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3.2 Batch Inputs & Outputs:

Inputs:- Table 02:

Input Standard Ratio RM / WIP Specifications, Test Results

Acceptance Criteria

Styrene By GLC Styrene.= 98% (as per RM

Specifications)
1 kg

H2O2 50% 0.7818 kg 50 % H2O2

H2O2 30% 1.303 kg (As per RM Specifications)

HCL 32% 32 % HCL (As per RM Specifications)

1.052 kg

Initial Water Acidity of water should be 2.0 – 3.0 % &

(2.5%HCL) 1.81 kg Iron content below 2 ppm

Outputs:- Table 03:

Output Standard Ratio WIP Specifications, Test Results Acceptance
Criteria

Slightly yellowish Liquid,

SCH Crude
1.49 kg Styrene by GLC < 1 % , SDC<0.5%

Benzaldehyde < 3 %, SCH - 90%-93%,

HB < 1.5 %, PH= 3-5

Aqu. layer 1.81 lit

N/A.

-- Styrene by GLC < 0.5 %, SDC - < 7 to 9 %,

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1st digestion Benzaldehyde < 3 %, SCH – 85-88 %, HB < 1.5

%.

3.3 Standard Operating Parameters and Time Cycle:

Table 04:

Operation Standard
Std.Parameters
Time

Water Charging 30 Min. Room Temp

Heating of initial 2% HCL Water 1-4 Hrs. 90°C.

Regular Time Cycle

Addition of H2O2,HCL & Styrene 6 Hrs. 94°C - 105°C.

Digestion & Lab analysis after addition 2 Hr. 95°C - 100°C.

Heating to raise temperature & pressure for Digestion 1.5-2 Hrs. 118 -120°C & pressure 1.5 – 2.0
kg/cm2

Lab analysis after 4 Hr. Digestion 1Hr. 118 -120°C & pressure 1.5 – 2.0
kg/cm2

Cooling 1Hr. 120 -90°C & pressure

Settling 1Hr
90 °C.
Crude unloading 30 Min. pH – 4 to 5

Aqu. Layer Transfer 30 Min. 90°C to 95 OC

Total 18 Hrs

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Figure 4:- GLR (Glass Line Reactor)

3.4 Safety operating procedure:-

1) While charging H2O2, HCL, & Styrene proper precautions should be taken. PPE should
be worn.

2) If temp increased above the limit stop addition and starts cooling till the temperature
comes below the limit.

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3) If the reaction is not completed, i.e. Un-reacted Styrene is more than 0.5 % ,then add
H2O2 as per un-reacted Styrene % in GLC.

4) If cooling water circulation or bottom circulation pump failure is observed during the
reaction, stop addition & wait till it resumes.

5) While removing the sample from 1 inch valve provided below the sight glass of the
bottom valve of GLR, open and close the sample removing valve Slowly to avoid
spillage of liquid

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