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Class 12 - Physics
Term-2 Sample Paper-07

Maximum Marks: 35
Time Allowed: 2 hours

General Instructions:

i. There are 12 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

ii. This question paper has three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
iii. Section A contains three questions of two marks each, Section B contains eight questions of three marks
each, Section C contains one case study-based question of five marks.
iv. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks
and two questions of three marks. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
v. You may use log tables if necessary but use of calculator is not allowed.

Section A
1. Why is photodiode used in reverse bias?
2. In a Young's double-slit experiment, the position of the first fringe coincides with S1, and S2
respectively. What is the wavelength of light?

OR

The work function for the following metals is given: Na : 2.75 eV, K : 2.30 eV, M0 : 4.17 eV, Ni : 5.15 eV.

Which of these metals will not give photoelectric emission for a radiation of wavelength from a
He-Cd laser placed 1m away from the photocell? What happens if the laser is brought nearer and
placed 50 cm away?
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3. A square wave (-1V to 1V) is applied to the p-n junction diode as shown below. Draw the output
waveform.

Section B
4. i. A ray of light incident on the face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows minimum deviation of
30°. Calculate the speed of light through the prism.
ii. Find the angle of incidence at face AB, so that the emergent ray grazes along the face AC.

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5. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a photo-diode. Write briefly how it is used to
detect the optical signals. Draw its I-V characteristics.
6. Describe how Chadwick discovered neutrons. Is neutron a stable particle when isolated?
7. In Young's double slit experiment, the two slits 0.15 mm apart are illuminated by monochromatic light
of wavelength 450 nm. The screen is 1.0 m away from the slits.
i. Find the distance of the second
a. bright fringe
b. dark fringe from the central maximum.
ii. How will the fringe pattern change if the screen is moved away from the slits?
8. Calculate the position of the image of an object when placed at
i. Focus of a convex lens
ii. Focus of a concave lens

OR

a. If f = 0.5 m for a glass lens, what is the power of the lens?

b. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. Its focal length is
12 cm. What is the refractive index of glass?
c. A convex lens has 20 cm focal length in air. What is focal length in water? (Refractive index of air-
water = 1.33, refractive index for air-glass = 1.5.)
9. The data given below gives the photon energy (in eV) for a number of waves whose wavelength values
(in nm) are also given.
Wavelength (in nm) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Photon energy (in eV) 6.216 3.108 2.072 1.554 1.243 1.036

(Without doing any calculation/taking any reading), explain how one can use this data to draw an
appropriate graph to infer
a. photon energy corresponding to a wavelength of 100 nm.
b. the wavelength value (in nm) corresponding to a photon energy of 1 eV.
c. velocity of light, assuming that the value of Planck's constant is known.
10. A ray of light falls on one side of a prism whose refracting angle is 60°. Find the angle of incidence in
order that the emergent ray may just graze the other side .

11. State clearly how a microwave oven works to heat up a food item containing water molecules. Why are

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microwaves found useful for the raw systems in aircraft navigation?

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OR

In a single slit diffraction experiment, a slit of width d is illuminated by red light of wavelength 650 nm.
For what value of d will
i. the first minimum fall is at an angle of diffraction of 30°and
ii. the first maximum fall is at an angle of diffraction of 30°?
CASE STUDY
12. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Electrons in an atom or a molecule absorb energy and get excited, they jump from a lower energy level
to a higher energy level, and they emit radiation when they come back to their original states. This
phenomenon accounts for the emission spectrum through hydrogen too, better known as the hydrogen
emission spectra.

i. If 13.6 eV energy is required to ionize the hydrogen atom, then energy required to remove an
electron from n = 2 is:-
a. 10.2 eV
b. 0 eV
c. 3.4 eV
d. 6.8 eV
ii. In Bohr’s model of an atom which of the following is an integral multiple of ?
a. Kinetic energy
b. The radius of an atom
c. Angular momentum
d. None of these
iii. The ratio between Bohr radii is:-
a. 1 : 2 : 3
b. 2 : 4 : 6
c. 1 : 4 : 9
d. none of these
iv. On moving up in the energy states of an H-like atom, the energy difference between two

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consecutive energy states:-

a. increase
b. decrease
c. unchanged
d. none of these
v. The Bohr model of atoms:
a. Assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized
b. Uses Einstein’s photoelectric equation
c. Predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms
d. None of these

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Class 12 - Physics
Term-2 Sample Paper-07

Solution

Section A
1. In forward bias, the current is mainly due to major carriers while in reverse bias, the current is due to
minor carriers. The width of the depletion layer increases as compared to forward biased and a small
reverse current flows through the diode. Now, when the light is incident on the junction, electron-hole
pairs are generated in depletion layer in a big amount and these charge carriers can easily cross the
barrier, hence contribute to current across the diode. We can say that in reverse bias, diode changes
the incident light to current, more significantly due to broad depletion layer i.e. photocurrent is
significant in reverse bias as compared to the forward bias current.
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2. As shown in Fig., the bright fringes B1 and B2 on either side of O coincide with S1, and S2, respectively.

Clearly,

As

or

OR

Work function of Na is

= 6 10-19 J = 3.75 eV
It is observed that energy of incident radiation is less than Ni and Mo but larger than Na and K. So
photoemission current take place from Na and K but not from Mo and Ni. Therefore, Mo and Ni will not

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give photoelectric emission. If the laser is brought closer, the intensity of radiation increases without
any change in frequency. This therefore, will not affect the result for Ni and Mo. However,
photoelectric current from Na and K will increase.
3. The p-side of the diode is earthed, it is at zero potential. So the diode conducts current when the input
level is - 1V and does not conduct when the input level is +1V. As the diode is ideal, the output across it
will be either 0 or - 1V, as shown in the figure.

Section B
4. i. Given, angle of minimum deviation,
Angle of prism, A = 600
By prism formula

Also,

= 2.12 108 m/s

ii. Critical angle ic is given as,

sin ic = [ sin ic ]

ic = 45o

A = r + ic = 60o

r = 60o - 45o = 15o

( using Snell's law)
sin i = sin r = sin 15o
i = sin-1( sin15o) = 21.47o
5. A Photodiode is again a special purpose p-n junction diode fabricated with a transparent window to
allow light to fall on the diode. It is operated under reverse bias. When the photodiode is illuminated
with light (photons) with energy (h ) greater than the energy gap (Eg) of the semiconductor, then
electron-hole pairs are generated due to the absorption of photons. The diode is fabricated such that
the generation of e-h pairs takes place in or near the depletion region of the diode. Due to electric field
of the junction, electrons and holes are separated before they recombine. The direction of the electric
field is such that electrons reach n-side and holes reach p-side. Electrons are collected on n-side and
holes are collected on p-side giving rise to an emf. When an external load is connected, current flows.
The magnitude of the photocurrent depends on the intensity of incident light (photocurrent is
proportional to incident light intensity).
The circuit diagram used for the measurement of I-V characteristics of a photodiode is shown in Fig. (a)
and a typical I-V characteristics in Fig. (b).

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It is easier to observe the change in the current with the change in the light intensity if a reverse bias is
applied. Thus photodiode can be used as a photodetector to detect optical signals.
6. The neutrons were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932. He was awarded the 1935 Nobel prize for
physics for this discovery.

In 1932, Chadwick performed an experiment in which -particles from a radioactive Polonium source
were used to bombard beryllium nuclei. Highly penetrating rays were found to come out of the
beryllium metal, which could not be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. These radiations were
used to bombard hydrocarbons like paraffin wax. High energy protons were knocked out from the
paraffin wax. The energy of the ejected protons was found to be too high to be accounted for y-ray
photons By using the laws of conservation of energy and momentum, Chadwick concluded that the
penetrating radiation consisted of neutral particles, each having a mass nearly that of a proton. These
particles were called neutrons.
A free or isolated neutron is unstable because A free neutron spontaneously decays into a proton,
electron and antineutron.
7. d = 0.15mm

D = 1m
i. a. The distance of nth order bright fringe from central fringe is given by

For second bright fringe,

The distance of the second bright fringe,

y2 = 6mm
b. The distance of nth order dark fringe from central fringe is given by

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For second dark fringe, n = 2

The distance of the second dark fringe,

ii. With increase of D, fringe width increases as

or
8. i. When an object is placed at the focus of a convex lens of focal length f, u = -f, v = ?
From lens formula,

v =
Image is formed at infinity. The course of rays is shown in figure below:

ii. When object is placed at the focus of a concave lens of focal length f, u = + f, v = ?
From lens formula,

As f is negative for a concave lens,

v =
Image is formed at infinity. The course of rays is shown in figure below:

OR

a. Power = +2 dioptre
b. Here, we have f = +12 cm, R1 = +10 cm, R2 = -15 cm
by using lens formula Substituting the values, we have

This gives = 1.5.

c. For a glass lens in air, = 1.5, = 1, f = +20 cm. Hence, the lens formula gives
.........(1)

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For the same glass lens in water, = 1.5, = 1.33. Therefore,

thus from (1) we get,

Combining these two equations, we find f = + 78.2 cm

9. One can calculate the values of and plot a graph between E (photon energy in eV) and (in nm-1).
The resulting straight line graph can be used to :

a. Read the value of E, energy corresponding to 100 nm = 12.4 eV

b. The wavelength corresponding to energy of 1 eV is 1240 nm.
c. We have

The slope of the graph (after appropriate adjustment of the units) would equal he. Since 'h' is known,

one can calculate c. thus c= 3.008 108 m/s

10. Given, A = 60°, e= 90°
r2 = C, the critical angle of the prism.

Now,
or

Again A = r1 + r2

For the refraction at the surface AB, we have,

(Snell's law)
or

= 0.46815

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11. In a microwave oven, the frequency of the microwaves is selected to match the resonant frequency of
water molecules. This leads to the vibrations of these water molecules. As these vibrations increase
with time, the temperature increases leading to the production of heat and this is the heat that is
responsible for the cooking of food in the oven. So any food containing water molecules inside can be
heated by a microwave oven.
Microwaves are short-wavelength radio waves, with the frequency of the order of 300 MHz to 300 GHz.
Due to the short wavelengths, they have high penetrating power with respect to the atmosphere and
less diffraction in the atmospheric layers. So, these waves are suitable for the RADAR (Radio Detection
And Ranging) systems used in aircraft navigation.
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OR

i. In single slit diffraction pattern, first minimum occurs at [ and are diffraction angle
and wavelength of the light used]
Slit width, ....(a)
Given,

Now from equation (a) we get slit width,

ii. In single slit diffraction pattern, maximum and minima occurs as per the below diagram -

Now for first maximum,

where, n = 1(for first maximum)

where,

CASE STUDY
12. i. (c) 3.4 eV
ii. (c) Angular momentum
iii. (c) 1 : 4 : 9
iv. (b) Decrease
v. (a) Assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized

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