TERMINOLOGY IN LANGUAGE

1. SYNTAX: is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences
(sentence structure) in a given language, usually including word order. Syntax is a fundamental part
of written language. ... Syntax states the rules for using words, phrases, clauses and punctuation,
specifically to form sentences. Correct syntax examples include word choice, matching number and
tense, and placing words and phrases in the right order.

2. SEMANTICS: is the study and analysis of how language is used figuratively and literally to produce
meaning. Semantics seeks to describe how words are used-not to prescribe how they should be used.
Examples of Semantics: A toy block could be called a block, a cube, a toy.

3. PHONLOGY: is a branch of linguistics which studies how languages group sounds together. It is
primarily concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in spoken languages and signs in sign
languages. At one time it only related to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages.

4. PHONEME: Is a unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STANDARD LANGUAGE AND DIALECT

Features Standard Language Dialect

Definition A standard language is a type of
language used by a group of
persons in their public
conversation, dialogue or
discourse
Scope The standard language may be
extend over the large area
Syntax Standard language has strict
grammatical rules of syntax
Dialect is a form of language spoken
in a certain geographical territory or
area or by ambers of a particular
stratum of society, distinguished by
its pronunciation, vocabulary,
grammar and uses
The dialect is often limited to a
small area or group
Dialect has not any standardized
syntax
Semantics Standard language has proper Dialect has not any standardized
semantics semantics
Use by Media Standard language is used in Dialect is not so used
broadcasting and news media
Popularity Standard language is more Dialect is limited to small group of
popular among large group and persons
maximum groups of people
Convenience Standard language has a quality Lack of convenience
of convenience speaking
Official and un- Standard language is an official Dialect is local or rural and not
official language official language
Formal and Standard language is a formal Dialect is informal language
Informal language
Dictionary Standard language has It has no standardized dictionary
standardized dictionary
Pronunciation Standard language has Dialect has improper pronunciation
standardized pronunciation
Script It has its script almost without A dialect often lacks the script, so it
exception has to take the help of the parents
language to note down things
Existence It can exist without help of other A dialect serve as a limited purpose,
languages and may not serve all the purposes
that a man may need to interact.
Thus for its survival rely on parent
or other languages.