Panel Boards Design

Chapter 6
Panel Boards
Design
Chapter 6 [PANEL BOARDS DESIGN]
6.1. Introduction
6.1.1. Panel board definition
The National Electrical Code (NEC) defines a panel board as:
A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the
form of a single panel; including buses, automatic over current devices,
and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or
power circuits; designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed
in or against a wall or partition and accessible only from the front .
6.1.2. Panel boards basically fall into two categories:

1-Lighting and appliance branch-circuit panel boards
2-Power panel boards
NEC® states that a lighting and appliance branch circuit has a

connection to the neutral of the panel board and has over current
protec on of 30 amperes or less in one or more conductors.
Also state that a lighting and appliance branch-circuit panel board must
have:
1. More than 10% of the over current devices (poles) must be protec ng
ligh ng and appliance branch circuits rated 30 amps or less.
2. A neutral connection must be provided.
3. A maximum of 42 over current devices (poles) are allowed in any one

cabinet or enclosure.
Note (Each pole of a circuit breaker is considered one over current

device).
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NEC Ar cle 408.14(B) defines a power panel board as one having 10

percent or fewer of its over current devices protecting lighting and
appliance branch circuits. It can be said that panel boards that are not
lighting and appliance branch-circuit panel boards are power panel
boards.
6.2. Main panel board construction

6.2.1. Can:
The can is typically constructed of galvanized steel and houses the
other components. It is designed to provide component and personnel
protection
6.2.2. Interior:
The interior consists of several components, including over current
protection devices, bus bars and insulated neutral bus bars

6.2.3. Bus bars:

A bus bar is a conductor that serves as a common connection for two or
more circuits.
6.3. Panel board's circuit identification

Circuits must be clearly labeled. Poles arranged with odd numbers on the
panel board’s right and even numbers on the panel board’s left is referred to
as NEMA numbering. In some areas a vertical sequence is required.
6.4. Types of panel boards

There are two types of panel boards, main breaker and main lug only.

6.4.1. Main breaker type panel board

The incoming supply cables of a main breaker type panel board are
connected to the line side of the main breaker, which in turn feeds power to
the panel board and its branch circuits. The main breaker disconnects power
from the panel board and protects the system from short circuits, overloads
and ground faults if equipped with ground fault protection.
6.4.2. Main Lug only circuit

A main lug only type panel board does not have a main breaker. The
incoming supply cables are connected directly to the bus bars. Primary
overload protection for the panel board is not provided as an integral part of
the panel board.
6.5. Service entrance panel boards

Sometimes panel boards are used as service entrance equipment for a
building. This is the equipment located near where the power supply enters
the building. The incoming power supply is connected to this equipment
which provides a means to control and cut off the supply.
NEC Ar cle 230.71(A) specifies that for each set of service entrance
conductors no more than six switches or circuit breakers shall be used to
disconnect and isolate the service from all other equipment
6.6. Service entrance grounding

The circuit is grounded only at the service entrance, never at any
downstream equipment. In the following illustration the neutral is grounded
at the service equipment by connecting a grounding electrode conductor
from the neutral (grounded conductor) to a grounding electrode.

When a downstream panel is used, the neutral is insulated in that panel. As

shown in the following illustration, the enclosure of the downstream panel is
connected to ground through a grounding conductor back to the Service
Entrance Panel board.

6.7. Our design for the hotel floors

ü Ground floor
It contains 3-panels.
ü Mezzanine floor
ü Car park floors
There are 4-car park floors each has 1-panel.
ü Service floor
ü Recreational-1 floor
ü Recreational-2 floor
ü Bedrooms floors
There are 7-repeated floors each has 2-panels.
ü Suites floors
There are 7-repeated floors each floor has 2-Panels.
ü Roof floor
It contains 1-panel for feeding chiller& elevators motors.

Fig (1) Panel board (1) of ground floor

Fig (4) Panel board (1) of mezzanine floor

Fig (5) Panel board (2) of mezzanine floor
Fig (6) Panel board of car park floor

Fig (7) Panel board (1) of service floor
Fig (8) Panel board (2) of service floor

Fig (9) Panel board (1) of recreation-1 floor


Fig (14) Panel board (1) of bed rooms floor

Fig (15) Panel board (2) of bed rooms floor
Fig (16) Panel board (1) of apartment floor

Fig (17) Panel board (2) of apartment floor
Fig (18) Panel board (1) of roof floor

Fig (19) Panel board (2) of roof floor

6.8. Design summery

Floor Panel name Circuit breaker
Ø 3-pole miniature 40A
PG_1
Ground floor PG_2
Ø 3-pole MCCB 200A
PG_3
Ø 3-pole MCCB 100 A
PM_1
Mezzanine floor
Ø 3-pole mainiture63A
PM_2
Car park floors(2-5) PC1_1
PS_1
Service floor
Ø 3-pole MCCB 125A
PS_2
Ø 3-pole MCCB 100A
PR1_1
Ø 3-pole MCCB 200A
Recrea onal (1) floor PR1_2
Ø 3-pole MCCB 125A
PR1_3
PR2_1
Recrea onal (2) floor
Ø 3-pole MCCB 100A
PR2_2
PB1_1
Bed rooms floors (9-15)
PB1_2
PA1_1
Apartment floors(16-
22) Ø 3-pole miniature 32A
PA1_2
PF_1
Roof floor
PF_2

6.9. Design of motor s circuit breakers

Load type name Circuit breaker
Ø 3-pole MCCB 1000A
Boost pump (3-ph)
Pump loads
Ø 3-pole MCCB 630A

Heat Water pump (3-ph)
Fire pump (3-ph)
Water treatment pump (3-ph)
Chiller 1(200 TR)
Chillers loads

Chiller 2(200 TR)
Chiller 3(200 TR)
Chiller 4(200 TR)
6.10. Design of sources circuit breakers

Source name Main circuit breaker
Ø Air circuit breaker 5000 A
Transformer (1)
Ø Air circuit breaker 5000A
Transformer (2)
Ø Air circuit breaker 2500 A
Backup generator

Low voltage distribution

Legend
Samples of Low voltage distribution at recreational

Samples of Low voltage distribution at ground

Samples of Low voltage distribution at bed rooms

Panel Boards Design

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Chapter 6

6.1.2. Panel boards basically fall into two categories:

NEC® states that a lighting and appliance branch circuit has a

2. A neutral connection must be provided.

3. A maximum of 42 over current devices (poles) are allowed in any one

Note (Each pole of a circuit breaker is considered one over current

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NEC Ar cle 408.14(B) deﬁnes a power panel board as one having 10

6.2. Main panel board construction

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6.2.3. Bus bars:

6.3. Panel board's circuit identification

6.4. Types of panel boards

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6.4.1. Main breaker type panel board

6.4.2. Main Lug only circuit

6.5. Service entrance panel boards

6.6. Service entrance grounding

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When a downstream panel is used, the neutral is insulated in that panel. As

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6.7. Our design for the hotel ﬂoors

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Fig (1) Panel board (1) of ground floor

Fig (2) Panel board (2) of ground floor

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Fig (3) Panel board (3) of ground floor

Fig (4) Panel board (1) of mezzanine floor

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Fig (5) Panel board (2) of mezzanine floor

Fig (6) Panel board of car park floor

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Fig (7) Panel board (1) of service floor

Fig (8) Panel board (2) of service floor

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Fig (9) Panel board (1) of recreation-1 ﬂoor

Fig (10) Panel board (2) of recreation-1 ﬂoor

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Fig (11) Panel board (3) of recreation-1 ﬂoor

Fig (12) Panel board (1) of recreation-2 ﬂoor

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Fig (13) Panel board (2) of recreation-2 ﬂoor

Fig (14) Panel board (1) of bed rooms floor

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Fig (15) Panel board (2) of bed rooms floor

Fig (16) Panel board (1) of apartment floor

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Fig (17) Panel board (2) of apartment floor

Fig (18) Panel board (1) of roof floor

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Fig (19) Panel board (2) of roof floor

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6.8. Design summery

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6.9. Design of motor s circuit breakers

Ø 3-pole MCCB 630A

Ø 3-pole MCCB 1000A

6.10. Design of sources circuit breakers

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Low voltage distribution

Samples of Low voltage distribution at recreational

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Samples of Low voltage distribution at ground