Chapter 1

Introduction
 Chapter 1 [INTRODUCTION]

1.1. Introduc on and defini ons

Ø Our project aims to design a complete wiring system for five stars' hotel. In our
design we concentrated on the following designs:
Ø Before describing the hotel layout, we need to explain some important factors
and definitions which affect the design.
· Electrical load types: Electrical loads are divided into three main categories
industrial, residential and commercial loads. Hotel load is categorized as
commercial load.

· Reliability: It's a word which shows the degree of availability of electrical

energy. System design must provide high reliability.

· Energy management: Although design provides high reliability, energy

must be saved as possible by means of new technology based on
microcontrollers and communication tools.

· Hotel substation: Represent a room which contain bed mounted

transformer to step down voltage from 11KV to 380 V. It may be included or out
of hotel's building.

· Hotel distribution system: It is a wiring system distribution in hotel from

each room panel in each floor to main transformer panel.

· Riser: It's a main feeder feeds power to multiple floors. It may be cable or bus
way.

· Maximum Demand: The maximum demand of an installation or a system is

the greatest of all demands which has occurred during a specified period of
time. The maximum demand statement should also express the demand
interval used to measure it.

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 Chapter 1 [INTRODUCTION]

· Demand Factor: For an electrical system or feeder circuit, this is a ratio of

the amount of connected load (in kVA or amperes) that will be operating at the
same time to the total amount of connected load on the circuit.

· Connected Load: It is the sum of the continuous ratings of the load

consuming apparatus connected to the system or any part therefore when the
maximum demand and the total connected load have the same units, the
demand factor is dimensionless.

· Load factor: It is the units of electricity exported by the generators in a given

period divided by the product of the maximum load in this period and the
length of this period in hours.

The load factor should be high; if it is unity all the plant is being used over all of
the period. It varies with the type of load being poor for ligh ng about 12% and
high for industrial loads 100% for pumping sta on.

· Diversity factor: This is defined as the sum of individual maximum demands

of the consumers divided by the maximum load on the system. This factor
measures the diversification of the load and is concerned with the installation
of sufficient generating and transmission plant. If all the demands occurred
simultaneously, i.e. unity diversity factor many more generators would have be
installed. Fortunately the factor is much higher than unity especially for
domestic loads.

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 Chapter 1 [INTRODUCTION]

1.2. Hotel description and layouts

This hotel is located in Dubai. It consists of 22 floors plus the roof. The floors are
ground floor, mezzanine floor, 4 repeated car park floors, service floor, recreation-1
floor, recreation-2 floor, 7 repeated bed room floors and, 7 repeated suite rooms'
floors.

Ø 1.2.1. Ground floor

It contains the following

· Lift-cabins.
· Lefts lobby.
· Cafe.
· Control room.
· Kitchen.
· Lift lobby.
· Luggage room.
· Pump room.
· Restaurant.
· Safe room.
· Transformer room.
· UPS room.
· Front office.
· Reception.
· Waiting area.

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 Chapter 1 [INTRODUCTION]

Ø 1.2.2. Mezzanine floor

It contains the following

· Lift cabins.
· Canteen.
· Female and male toilet.
· Kitchen.
· Loading room.
· 2- Locker rooms.
· Security office.
· Waste room.

Ø 1.2.3.'2ð5'Repeated car park floors

It contains the following

· Lift cabins.
· 28- Position for parking the cars.
· Lift lobby.
· Ramps.
· Switch room.

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 Chapter 1 [INTRODUCTION]

Ø 1.2.4. Service floor

It contains the following

· Lift cabin.
· Clean linen room.
· Female and male prayer.
· Lift lobby.
· Linen room.
· Maintenance room.
· Mechanical room.
· Staff room.
· Training room.
· Terrace.
· Corridor.
· General storage room.

Ø 1.2.5. Recrea on-1 floor

It contains the following

· Lift cabins.
· Gymnasium room.
· Lift lobby.
· Rest area.
· Swimming pool area.
· 2-Conference rooms.
· Administration room.

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 Chapter 1 [INTRODUCTION]

Ø 1.2.6. Recrea on-2 floor

It contains the following

· Lift cabins.
· Lift lobby.
· Business center.
· 5-Meeting rooms.
· 5-Cafe breaks.
· 2-Pantry rooms.
· Female and male toilets.

Ø 1.2.7.'9ð15'Repeated bed room floors

It contains the following

· Lift cabins.
· Lift lobby.
· 7-Double bed rooms.
· 8-Single bed rooms.
· Waiting area (Hall).
· 2-Corridors.
· Linen room.

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 Chapter 1 [INTRODUCTION]

Ø 1.2.8.'16ð22'Repeated suite room floors

It contains the following

· Lift cabins.
· Lift lobby.
· 4-Suite rooms.
· 2-Corridors.
· Waitig area(Hall).

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