IoT fundamentals

Class on 27th July 2022

 How does IoT Work?
• Devices consist of Sensors & Sensor Technology. They
collect a wide variety of data ranging from
temperature, pressure, location, weather/environment
conditions, grid parameters, health essentials of a
patient, etc.
• Gateways as the name suggests, are the gateways to
the internet for all the devices or things that need to
interact with it. They help to connect the sensor nodes
in the internal network with the external Internet, by
collecting data from the sensor nodes and further
transmitting it to the internet infrastructure.
 How does IoT Work?…. continued
• The data transmitted through the gateway is then
stored and processed securely within the Cloud
infrastructure using the Big Data analytics engine.
The data thus processed performs intelligent
actions.
• This is what makes the 'Smart Devices'!
• The Applications help the end users to control and
monitor their devices from remote locations.
• They not only send important information on the
hand-held devices or PCs but also help to send
commands back to the Smart Devices.
 How does IoT Work? …continued
• Apart from the above, IP addresses play an
important role in the entire IoT ecosystem.
The Internet recognizes IP addresses only.
Functional Pillars of IoT
 Sensing & Actuation
Data collected from sensors are processed and
analyzed to improve decision making in IoT.
 Device Identification
• Objects/ things
• Essential sources of data
• Object identifier (OID)
• Electronic Product Code
and
• Universal Unique Identifiers
 Communication
• Share the captured data using different
communication standards across the globe
 Computation
• Brain of IoT
• MICROPROCESSORS, MICROCONTROLLERS, FPGAs act as
brain
• Cloud, cloudlets, edge, fog facilitate the data storage and
analysis
• Operating systems like Tiny OS, Raspbian, Contiki OS
provides the networking and IoT application
development environment
 Services
• Device Monitoring
• Device controlling
• Data Publishing
• Device discovery
 Management
• Manage IoT users, roles of the users, access
the IoT services
• Adding and removing users
• Controls and records user activities
 Management …continued
• Device management: authenticating, configuring,
monitoring, maintaining the objects in the network
• Service Management: sense, collect, store data from
different environments and process the same to
extract information through IoT infrastructure
• Collaborative aware service: this service forms better
decisions and make reactions based on the data
• Ubiquitous service: This provides collaborative service
at any-time anywhere to anyone.
 Security
• Unauthorized access and modifications
• Security in devices-protecting the objects
connected to the network
• Security in communications-end to end
protection of the communication channels
between objects
• Security in services : securing the application
services