A. Introductory Sentence about stroke: -don’t write these italicized words!

1. fourth most common cause of death where? USA

Stroke is the fourth most common cause of death in the USA.

B. Definition of Stroke
1. stroke = medical condition
a. the cause of this medical condition (= effect!): interruption / blood
flow / brain (= cause!)

a. → lack / oxygen
i. → death / brain cells.

Stroke is a medical condition that is caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain,
which leads to a lack of oxygen, resulting in the death of brain cells./ Because of this, brain
cells die.

C. Background Information
1. statistics – don't write this word!!
a. when: stroke (occur)
a. 2 million brain cells (die) every minute

When stroke occurs, 2 million brain cells die every minute. Stroke affects millions of people
worldwide and 55,000 more women than men each year.

b. SBJ (affect) millions / people worldwide

c. SBJ (affect) 55,000 more women than men each year

2. two types: ischemic stroke + hemorrhagic stroke

There are two types of stroke, which are ischemic and hemorrhagic.

a. ischemic stroke (account for) 83% / total number / strokes

a. the cause of ischemic stroke (= effect!): blockage / artery (=
cause!)
i. this artery: (supply) oxygen / brain
ii. consequence: (prevent) blood (flow) where? brain
1. → (destroy) brain cells

Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 83% of the total number of strokes, is caused by the
blockage of an artery that supplies oxygen to the brain. This prevents blood from flowing to
the brain, which destroys brain cells. / . Because of this, brain cells are destroyed.
 b. hemorrhagic stroke (make up) remaining 17%
a. the cause of hemorrhagic stroke (= effect!): ruptured blood
vessel (= cause!)
i. → blood (leak into) brain / on brain’s surface
1. consequence: (increase) pressure where? brain
cells
a. → brain damage

In contrast, hemorrhagic stroke, which makes up the remaining 17%, results from a ruptured
blood vessel. This causes blood to leak into the brain or on the brain’s surface. As a result,
pressure is increased on brain cells, which leads to brain damage.

c. may → disability / death (ischemic, hemorrhagic or both???)

Both may cause disability or death.

3. risk factors for stroke: behavioral + genetic

The risk factors for stroke are behavioural and genetic.

There are two risk factors for stroke, which are behavioural and genetic.

a. (can control) behavioral risk factors

a. e.g. a.smoking / b.lack / exercise / c.poor diet

Behavioural risk factors, such as smoking, lack of exercise and poor diet, can be
controlled.

b. diabetes + heart disease (be) also risk factors

i. although: (can prevent) these conditions in some cases
1. how? (make) lifestyle changes

Diabetes and heart disease are also risk factors, although they can be prevented in some cases
by making lifestyle changes.

b. (cannot control) genetic risk factors

a. e.g. a.family history / stroke / b.conditions
i. what kind of conditions? (may trigger) stroke
1. e.g. a.diabetes / b.high blood pressure

(However, / In contrast,) Genetic risk factors, such as a family history of stroke and
conditions that may trigger stroke, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, cannot be
controlled.
 D. Thesis Statement
1. if: symptoms (appear)
a. (must make) accurate diagnosis
a. purpose: (can start) rehabilitation when? immediately
i. purpose: (improve) likelihood / successful recovery

If symptoms appear, doctors must make an accurate diagnosis / If symptoms appear, an

accurate diagnosis must be made so that the patient can start rehabilitation immediately /
so that rehabilitation can be started immediately to improve the likelihood of a successful
recovery.

….. in order to + inf

….. to + inf

….. so that + subject + can + infinitive........ = adverb clause