Research Methodology Chapter 3

3.1 Proem of the Chapter

Research is the art of scientific investigation. It indicates something new. It adds a

new dimension to the existing body of knowledge. It shows that there must be
something new about research. It is the science of gleaning some relevant
information systematically. In a nutshell, it is an organized set of activities to
probe into something new. It has been defined by ever so many erudite scholars.
Different scholars have different opinions about research. It is defined as “the
manipulation of things, concepts or symbols to generalize to extend, correct or
verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in the construction of theory” or
“the practice of an art”. Research is the systematic way of gleaning, recording,
and analyzing data for framing decisions.

Research is the systematic way of gleaning, recording, and analyzing data for
framing decisions. To keep pace with the recent advancement in any discipline,
one has to be well versed with the latest developments in research methodology.
Doing research is not an easy job. It is indeed a herculean task. The research
problem is the part and parcel of research methodology. To sort out the research
problem, the methodology is required to solve the problems systematically. The
research methodology is one of the facets of systematically solving the research
problem scientifically and systematically. It is an approach to examining how the
process of research is governed. Keeping in view the importance of research
methodology, the researcher is in a position to take some steps to probe into the
research problems.

33
3.2 The Study of the Research Design

Research design is of paramount importance in the domain of research. It is

something that facilitates the process of research. It forms the blueprint for the
accumulation of facts. To embark upon any research, the research design is
mandatory. Research design throws a considerable amount of light on the nature of
research. It is helpful in many ways. Singh (1986) explained this “as a design that
draws the influences regarding the relationship between variables based on such
independent variables whose manifestations have already occurred. The researcher
has no control over the independent variables because they occurred much before
their producing effort”.

3.3 Locale

The survey of satisfaction level of different factors of arts & science colleges and
engineering colleges of the student community was indispensable to particularly
opt for the students in dissimilar institutions. They have absolute academic growth
of students to achieve the degrees to build future lives, in keeping this view,
students were studied from Government, Government Aided, Self-Financing of
arts & science colleges and engineering colleges Salem District in Tamil Nadu,
India.

Salem is a Geologist's heaven, encircled by slopes and the scene dabbed with
hillocks. Salem has a lively culture dating behind to the wiped out Kongu Nadu.
As a locale, Salem has its importance in a few viewpoints. The Salem Steel Plant
was a determined arrangement started with a watch to use the locally available
ironore from Kanchamalai to produce steel. This public area firm assumed a
functioning part in delivering cast steel blacks into sheets of needd aspects by cold
and hot expulsion strategies. Mango organic products from Salem are delighted in
and much pursued, especially the assortment Malgoa which is the pride of Salem
alongside there are various other recently presented mixture assortments. Rope
creation is howsoever principle cabin industry. Yercaud is a popular summer resort
in Salem, genuinely cheap yet perfectly beautiful

34
3.4 Tamil Nadu and Salem District Map

35
3.5 Salem District Population

Salem district total population is 34,82,056. The rural population is 17,07,934 and
the Urban population is 17,74,122. Salem district is in Tamil Nadu State in India.
Chart No. 3.5.1

3.6 Different Sub-Districts in Salem District

1. Mettur
2. Omalur
3. Edappadi
4. Sankari
5. Salem
6. Yercaud
7. Vazhapadi
8. Attur
9. Gangavalli

36
3.7 List of Blocks in Salem

1. Attur
2. Ayodhiyapattina
3. Gangavalli
4. Idappadi
5. Kadaiyampatty
6. Kolathur
7. Konganapuram
8. Macdonalds Choultry
9. Mecheri
10. Nangavalli
11. Omalur
12. Panamarathupatti
13. Peddanaickenpalayam
14. Salem
15. Sankari
16. Talavasal
17. Taramangalam
18. Valapady
19. Veerapandi
20. Yercurd

3.8 Salem District: List of Arts & Science Colleges

3.8.1 Salem: List of Government Colleges

1. Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem – 7.

2. Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Attur.
3. Government Arts College for Women, Salem - 8.
4. Government Arts and Science College, Mettur.
5. Government Arts and Science College, Edappady.

37
3.8.2 Salem: List of Aided Colleges

1. Sri Sarada College for Women (Autonomous), Salem

2. Salem Sowdeswari College, Salem

3.8.3 Salem: List of Self-Financing Colleges

1. Vysya College
2. A.V.S College of Arts & Science
3. Bharathiyar Arts & Science College for Women
4. Jairam Arts & Science College
5. Sri Balamurugan College of Arts & Science
6. Vivekananda Arts & Science College (Women)
7. Sri Ganesh College of Arts & Science
8. Sri Sakthikailash Women’s College
9. Paavendhar College of Arts & Science
10. AET Arts & Science College
11. Padmavani Arts & Science College for Women
12. Gem Gates Arts & Science College
13. Sri Sarada Nicketan College of Arts & Science for Women
14. Salem Kongunadu Arts & Science College
15. Salem Christian College of Arts & Science
16. Sri Vidya Mandir College of Arts & Science
17. Siri PSG Arts & Science College for Women
18. Vidhyaa Arts & Science College
19. Minerva College of Arts & Science
20. Kailash Women’s College
21. Royal College of Arts & Science
22. Shevaroys College of Arts & Science
23. Om Muruga College of Arts & Science
24. Srii Jayajothi College of Arts & Science for Women
25. Sri Kailash Womens’s College
26. Maisurii Women’s College of Arts & Science
27. Vaigai Arts and Science Women’s College
38
28. The Kavery Arts and Science College for Women
29. Sona College of Arts and Science
30. Sri Vidya Kamachi Arts and Science College (Women)
31. Jayarani Arts and Science College for Women
32. AVS Arts & Science College
33. Thangavel women’s Arts & Science College

3.8.4 List of Engineering Colleges in Salem District

1. A V S Engineering College
2. AVS College of Technology
3. Annapoorana Engineering College
4. Bharathiyar Institute of Engineering for Women, Attur
5. Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology
6. Ganesh College of Engineering
7. Government College of Engineering, Salem (Autonomous)
8. Indian Institute of Handloom Technology
9. Knowledge Institute of Technology
10. Mahendra College of Engineering
11. Narasu’s Sarathy Institute of Technology
12. Salem College of Engineering and Technology
13. Shree Sathyam College of Engineering and Technology
14. Sona College of Technology (Autonomous)
15. Sri Ganesh School of Business Management
16. Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology
17. Tagore Institute of Engineering and Technology
18. The Kavery College of Engineering
19. The Kavery Engineering College
20. V S A Group of Institutions
21. Vasavi Vidya Trust Group of Institutions

39
 The students studying in Government, Aided and Self-Financing Arts &
Science Colleges and Engineering Colleges in Salem District have taken into
account in the research. As far as the research is concerned, the population has
come to 1000. The total population of Arts & Science College (96%) and the
Engineering College (90%) students are designated as the sample for the research.
So, the sample size has come to 1000. This size has been delivered to all 61
colleges proportionally. Samples are selectively selected by each and every
college. Out of 1000 students, only 83.33% percent are properly responded to the
mailed questionnaire within a stipulated period. The total sample size included for
the present study is confined to only 1000 students. Hence the applied sampling
technique is proportional random sampling techniques. Collection of data of pilot
study has been established among the students from each college to strengthen the
standard of the content of the questionnaire. Some changes have been added in the
questionnaire on the strength of their response. The last questionnaire was framed
by the respondents. In total, 1200 questionnaires have been mailed to the selected
defendants.

3.9 Sampling Procedure

In this study, 40 arts and science colleges affiliated with Periyar University,
Salem, and 21 engineering colleges affiliated with Anna University, Chennai have
been selected. The colleges are arts & science colleges and engineering colleges in
the Salem district only.

3.10 Data Collection and Organization

Data collection was conducted with the help of the internet (Google Search)
and Questionnaires. Here, we have collected so many papers in the same of the
related research papers. Based on the main aim of the research, two research tools
were handled. It was true that their answers did not reveal. The students were
asked to be approached to peruse the guidelines circumspectly and to inquire as to
whether there is any intricacy in the comprehension of these directions. It is
perceived that nothing ought to be excluded and there is not much "or wrong"
about these things. No time limit for the scales; however, two scales require
roughly 25–30 minutes to finish. Data gathered from this research were then
computed for interpretation.
40
3.11 Selection of Study Area

 Arts & science colleges and engineering colleges in the district of Salem were
carefully chosen as the study area by the researcher for the following reasons.

 No recent studies about the student satisfaction level among arts & science
colleges and engineering colleges in the district of Salem.

 Salem is regarded as the largest city in Tamil Nadu. It consists of several arts
& science colleges and engineering colleges affiliated with Periyar and Anna
University.

 The researcher is very familiar with the Salem district of arts & science
colleges and engineering colleges.

3.12 Statistical Techniques

It is a fact that research design and statistical are said to be the powerful assets of
research. It supports society, future research, future policy implications, academic,
corporate, medical, health, and non-profit researchers in designing, collecting
analyzing, reporting efficient and accurate interpretation. Furthermore, the
research findings may have policy implications to introduce future project
implementation of new ideas. When statistical techniques are correctly applied,
statistical analyses and findings tend to produce accurate results. To test the
various hypothesis of the study of many statistical tools are used.

The research focuses on the following statistical concepts:

 Mean and Standard Deviation: The mean and standard deviation of each
factor for student satisfaction was tested to fully know the average as well as
the variance of each factor.

 t-Test and Paired t-Test: In this test is used to test the satisfaction level of
students’ satisfaction with Arts & Science Colleges and Engineering Colleges.

41
 One-Way and Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): A few
characteristics of the study had more than two groups. For this, instead of a t-
test, a one-way analysis of variance was applied.

 Correlation: Correlation Coefficients were monitored to pinpoint relationships

in demographic, academic variables, and students’ satisfaction. Pearson
Correlation was used to measure the relationship amongst the organizational
variables of student satisfaction.

 Regression: The factors of job satisfaction were analyzed using regression.

 Graphical presentation is also utilized wherever it is needed.

3.13 Cross-Sectional Design

The cross-Sectional research design involves the process of accumulation of data.

(Usually quite a lot more than one) and at a single point in time to collect a body of
quantitative or quantifiable data in connection with two or more variables (usually
many more than two), which are then examined to detect patterns of association.

3.14 Tools of Research

The collected data were processed with manual and the computer interface. Also,
they were processed by using Statistical tools such as MS Excel, IBM SPSS,
SigmaXL, and R-Software.

42
3.15 Hypothesises

The hypothesis is formed by various parameters.

 No major disparity may be observed in the socioeconomic status of the

graduate of arts and engineering learners with certain background variables
of satisfaction levels.

 No significant difference may be observed in college administration and

infrastructures of arts and engineering learners with certain background
variables of satisfaction levels.

 No significant difference may be observed in attitude towards Arts and

Engineering learning of graduate learners with certain background
variables of satisfaction levels.

 No significant association may be observed of variables of satisfaction

levels with socio-economic status, college administration, and
infrastructures of arts and engineering colleges and student attitudes.

3.16 Summary

The arts & science colleges and engineering colleges cannot afford to change their
strategies. Since change is inevitable, these aforementioned colleges are subject to
change. It has to update and upgrade. The arts & science colleges and engineering
colleges must make it a point to provide a quality of education to students. The
growth of these institutions mainly depends on the growth of students.

43