Clinical Pharmacognosy Anti-Neoplastic Agents

DRUG BOTNICAL ORIGIN PART USED PREPARATION PRINCIPLE COSNTITUENTS Dose USES NOTES
HERBAL MEDICINES FOR CANCERS
150 Alkaloids
30 Indole Alkaloids
Important Indole alkaloids are Hodgkin’s and non-
Catharanthus Fractionation is done based on Hodgkin’s lymphoma
(Vinca) solubility to obtain the extract (Move Vincristine Germ cell cancer,
from non-polar towards polar Vinblastine Breast cancer, Traditionally, this plant has been
(Periwinkle solvents). Ajmaline Kaposi’s sarcoma used as anti-diabetic.
Sada Bahar) Then column chromatography isdone Canadian Workers > 1950 - 60
Catharanthus roseus using alumina as solid phase to Tetrahydroalstonine Rhabdomyosarcoma, discovered that extract of leaf
(Apocynaceae) Vinca roseus Dried Whole Plant separate the components. Serpentine 100 pico gram/kg IV neuroblastoma produced leukopenic effect in rats.
Perenial; shady areas in eastern
parts of Canada and USA.
Podophyllum Lung Cancer Collected in virginia, kentucky,
Testicular Cancer Carolina, Indiana.
(Mayapple root Podophyllotoxin (a resin) Ovarian Activity lost when co-adminstered
Wild Mandrake) Podophyllum Alcoholic extract > pour in water > Leukemia with a base
peltatum Roots, Rhizome, PPTs > Collection and Drying Etoposide Brain Tumor in Topoisomerase II inhibitors (S-
(Berberidaceae) Podophyllum emodi Fruits 2 - 8 % podophyllotoxin Tensoposide Children phase)
ADRS

Diterpenoid derivatives Nausea

Taxenes Vomiting
Derived from pacific yew bark. Baccatin III (0.2 %) Loss of Appetite Conifer
Process kills the Tree. Taxol (0.02 %) Change in Taste Innate > Pacific, North America
Plant Cell Fermentation Thin and Brittle Southern Most Alaska TO south of
Technology Semisynthesis of Baccatin III Pain in joints of the Central California
Taxol (Paclitaxel) Taxus Cell-line > Propagated in gives Taxol arms and legs Pacific Coast Ranges
aqueous media in tanks Taxol's side chain substitution > lasting 3 days Ovarian Cancer Southeast British Columbia
(Pacific Yew) Then directly extracted > Purified by Docetaxel Change in nail color Lung Cancer South to the Central Idaho
Bark of Mature of chromatography, isolated by Docetaxel > More potent + less Tingling in hands & Breast Cancer
(Taxaceae) Taxus brevifolia Plant crystallization ADRs toes Sarcomas Tubulin stabilizers
Colchicine Alkaloids As mitotic poison in 1. anti-inflammatory
Colchicine Plant Breeding 2. Decreases neutrophil movement
(Suranjan) Seeds (0.8%) Anti-tumor activity is towards uric acid crystals
Seeds, Corms (UG Corms (0.6%) reported 3. Decreases Phagocytosis and
(Liliaceae) Colchicum autumnale fleshy stem) USA, UK, Europe Soluble in alcohol, water, ether Gout treatment releases of mediators
Posess significant anti-tumor activity and underwent clinical trial.
Indicine-N-Oxide Heliotropium indicum Activity against Leukemia
Cucurbitacins Marah oreganus Most cytotoxic compound known but its narrow therapeutic index makes the compound unpromising as therapeutic agent
Demecolcine Demecolcine and other colchicine derivatives are being used in cancer treatment in some countries
Acronycine Acronychia baueri Broad spectrum antitumor acivity