0|Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 2

INTRODUCTION 3

OBJECTIVE 3

HYPOTHESIS 3

RESEARCH 3
METHODOLOGY
Method of the Study 3
Data Collection 6

FINDINGS 7

ANALYSIS 7

RESULT 9

CONCLUSION 10

1|Page
ABSTRACTS
Reading plays an important role in the process of learning at every stage of life. In this case, we have collected
sample responses from a population of all age groups regarding their reading preferences, whether they prefer a
digital mode of reading by questionnaire and performed an application of the business analytics hypothesis testing
tool: Two-Tailed Tests for Differences between proportions sample using z test hypothesis and shown the
conclusion in this report. After applying the test, we concluded that the proportion of working capital preferring the
digital mode of reading is equal to the proportion of students preferring the digital mode of reading.

2|Page
INTRODUCTION
Reading has been the subject of research for over a century. There is an abundance of studies related to reading
all over the world. Reading is 'the most thoroughly studied and least understood process in education today.
Reading is a dynamic process in which the reader works actively to construct meaning from the material.
Nowadays, in this modern era, there are many devices invented to make people’s lives easier. These devices
also deal with the learning process, including reading. There is a variety of multimedia technology to assist the
reading process.
“The digital world has started to change people's reading habit with the increase in the volume of digital
information available and the increase in the time we spend reading electronic devices"- Ziming Liu

OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
 Our study was conducted to answer the phenomenon of working professionals’ and students’ reading
options and preferences, for using digital reading media.
 Taking responses from a sample of the population using a questionnaire based on their reading
preferences.
 Conducting an analysis test (hypothesis testing) on the findings obtained from the questionnaire.

HYPOTHESIS
Whether there is a difference in the proportion of working professionals and students who prefer the digital
mode of reading books.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
For this research, we use the Two Sample Z Proportion test.
Two Sample Z Test of Proportion
Two Sample Z test of Proportion is the test to determine whether the two populations differ significantly on
specific characteristics. In other words, compare the proportion of two different populations that have some
single characteristics. It calculates the range of values that is likely to include the difference between the
population's proportions.
The difference between population proportions is less than the hypothesized difference (left-tailed).

3|Page
When to use the Two Sample Z Proportion Test
The purpose of two sample Z tests is to compare the random samples of two populations. Use two sample z
tests of proportion for large sample sizes.
Assumptions of the Two-Sample Z Proportion Hypothesis Tests
 The data are simply random values from both populations.
 Both populations follow a binomial distribution.
 Samples are independent of each other.
The hypothesis of two sample Z proportion test
 Null hypothesis: The difference between population proportions is equal to the hypothesized difference.
 Alternative hypothesis: The difference between population proportions is not equal to the hypothesized
difference (two-tailed).
 The difference between population proportions is greater than the hypothesized difference (right-tailed).
Two Sample Z Test of Proportions
Z test of proportions formula: -
And where:
 z is a test statistic.
 p̂1 and p are the observed proportion of events in the two samples.
 n1 and n2 are sample sizes.
 X1 and X2 are several trails.

Data Collection
In this research, we have used only one instrument, a questionnaire. A questionnaire is several written
questions, which are used to obtain information from the respondents’ which deals with reports about
themselves, and things that they know.
A sample of the population (54) served as the source of the data. See below the excel spreadsheet snip attached
of the responses. The collected data are interpreted in the following pie charts:

4|Page
5|Page
6|Page
 Data from Google Form
FINDINGS

Working
Status Professional Students Total

Digital Mode 7 11 18

Printed
(Hard Copy) 11 25 36

Total 18 36 54

Out of 18 working professionals, 7 preferred digital modes and out of 36 students, 11 preferred digital modes.

ANALYSIS
Let N₁: Working Professionals: 18 Let N₂ : Students: 36
Let X₁: Working professionals preferring Digital Mode: 7 Let X₂: Students Preferring Digital Mode: 11

Step 1: State the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis

H₀: π₁ = π₂
H₁: π₁ ≠ π₂
Step 2: State alpha, in other words, determine the significance level

Since no significant level is stated, we will assume a significance level of 0.05

Step 3: Find the Appropriate Test Statistics

We will be using the Z - distribution test.

Step 4: State the decision rule:

7|Page
Reject the null hypothesis (H0) if
Zcal > ZTab

Step 5: Compute the value of Z and make the decision.

Computing Scale:

The computed value of 0.59 is the area of rejection.

Computing Stab

Since this is a two-tailed test:

8|Page
Ztab = Zalpha/2 = Z0.05/2 = Z0.025

9|Page
The do not reject area is: 0.5 - 0.025 = 0.475

At 0.475, Z is 1.9 + 0.06 i.e. 1.96. Hence, Stab is 1.96

Now,
Zeal < Ztab (0.59 < 1.96). Therefore, we will not reject the null hypothesis.

RESULT
The null hypothesis is not rejected at the 0.05 significance level. To put it in another way, we do not reject the null
hypothesis that the proportion of working professionals who prefer the digital mode of reading is equal to the
proportion of students who prefer the digital mode.

10 | P a g e
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of the research is: -
 Both the students and working professionals prefer reading in a digital mode in the same proportion.
 The respondents feel comfortable with the reading text tool that they prefer.
We also conclude that both digital and printed text have their advantages and disadvantages. Respondents can use
both of them, if they want, in the balance depending on the outside factors such as readers’ needs, their convenience
and the type of text.

REFERENCES
 Statistics for Management by Richard I. Levin and David S. Rubin
 https://sixsigmastudyguide.com/two-sample-test-of-proportions/

11 | P a g e