CHAPTER-7

Planning and Prospects

7.1 Introduction

Present chapter deals with the planning of various aspects

related to different problems of urban land use with respect to future

prospectus. In other words, it deals to regulate the urban development

of an area up to their ideal model under given conditions. Thus the

objective covers the various aspects related to urban planning regarding

the planning of areas, their size, functions, their functions and their

interrelations etc. To fulfill this objective it is necessary to cover the both

aspects i.e. development of existing town and the suggestions relating to

the new structure of the city. Thus the scope of this chapter will be

limited by those facts, conclusions, suggestions etc. which are helpful in

the extensive planning of practical and future face if the city. These are

the issues, which are studied in practical Urban Geography. However,

this scope is ever changing due to present scientific developments.

7.2 Nature of Urban Planning

In urban planning the solutions of the urban problems are

generally carved out. These Urban problems may relate to the problems

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development of the city. Therefore, Urban planning recommends

developing different functions at different places, in order to provide

healthy environment to its citizens. Thus, urban planning is a process of

providing facilities to citizens, beauty to city and a habitable environment

to residents.

For the proper management of the city, organized efforts are of

much importance. Cities are developing rapidly as an active area of

human settlements. Cities may be compared to a house whose number of

rooms keeps on increasing with requirements. In this process, only

present is considered and no attention is given towards future prospects.

And most of the cities gets develop without any planning. Residential

areas keep on extending without any pre-planning. With the passage of

time, such development leads to narrow lanes and problems related to

transport etc. In contrary to it, if a city is developed in a planned

manner then its maintenance is much cheaper and better. Therefore, in

order to make the city beautiful and attractive the planning of urban

land is of earnest need.

Every area differs with respect to its cultural, historical and

geographical characteristics, which regulates the development of city to a

great extent. Every aspect can't have importance at every place. For

example land is an important factor for a city. But in a particular city it

may be of a great importance for its beauty, while for the other city it

may not be of such importance. In light of these regional disparities,

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architecture and beauty are given due importance in the planning of a

city, while on other hand natural beauty is given due consideration.

Various scholars have defined urban planning. Some of which are as

follows: -

According to Erickson E. Gorden1: - “City-planning is term applied

to the re-planning of the existing cities and towns as well as the planning

of new towns”

According to F.S. Chapin2: - “City planning may be regarded as a

means for systematically anticipating and achieving adjustment in the

physical environment of a city consistent with social and economic

trends and sound principles of civic design. It involves a continuing

process of deriving, organizing and presenting a broad and

comprehensive programme for urban development and renewal. It is

designed to fulfill local objectives of social, economic and physical well

being, considering both immediate needs and those of the foreseeable

future. It examines the economic basis for an urban centre existing in

the first place, it investigates its culture, political, economic and physical

characteristics both as an independent entity and as a component of a

whole cluster of urban centre in a given region, and it attempts to design

a physical environment which brings these elements into the soundest

1 Erickson E. Gorden ‘Urban Behaviour’, New York, 1954.

2 Chapin, F.S. ‘Urban Landuse Planning’, New York, 1957.

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and most harmonious plan for the development and renewal of the urban

areas as a whole”

According to Edward M3: - The planning of streets, parks,

community buildings, proper arrangement of services, besides ports,

communication lines, legal consideration and local participation should

be searched for proper development.

According to James Ford4: - "Urban planning is a science as well

as an art, which is veiled to continuously changing form of the city. As a

pure science it analyses the interactions & causes between man and its

environment. As a behavioral science it include contributions from other

sciences like economics, sociology, political science, engineering,

statistics etc. to apply the achievements of pure science. As an Art it

utilizes the above-mentioned facts. It gives the guidance to citizens as

per the events and given the directions for the future designing of the

city.

Thus, different scholars have given different views about urban

planning. Though there is a sort of similarity in all these definitions. To

sum up, urban planning includes the proposals, projects and programs,

which helps to improve the quality of life in a city along with the

improvement in the city's beauty. Urban planning is a practical matter,

in which the development of various components of city, their

3 A. Rimsha, ‘Town Planning in Climates’, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1976

4 James, F. “Residential and Industrial Decentralization,” in City Planning, New York, 1929, pp. 334 and
335.

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improvement or re-innovation and the plans to develop new urban areas,

through the manly these cities problem less, is covered. In brief urban

planning not only tries to improve the present situation of a city but also

deals in the development of new areas with regard to future prospectus.

7.3 Types of Urban Planning

In past, most of the cities have grown up in an uncontrolled,

haphazard and unplanned manner. So, the rise of problems in these

areas is quite normal. In lack of social and urban services, the rise of

socio-economic conflicts is quiet possible, and to avoid these problems is

the major objective of urban planning.

On the basis of objectives the urban planning can be divided into

two categories: -

1. Preventive planning.

2. Remedial planning.

In which the future problems are assessed and the pre-plans are

prepared to avoid these problems.

On the basis of continuously changing meanings and forms, the

urban planning, again, can be classified as follow: -

a) Operational planning: - This type of planning deals with the

improvement in the city life through the better management of its various

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functions, so that the existing set-up may provide the better services at

optimum level.

b) Reconstruction/Restorative planning: - Under such planning the old,

demolished, decayed, degraded parts of the city are improved and

renewing activities are undertaken at large scale. These areas are also

provided with those, which were not available in these parts and are

essential for the better life.

c) Planning for new towns / urban areas: - This aspect deals with the

planning of non-urban areas to develop them as completely new urban

settlements.

On the basis of objective urban planning may be - "Single purpose

planning" as well as "Multi Purpose planning". Multi purpose planning is

generally considered as comprehensive urban planning, which is defined

as - "An official public documents adopted by a local government as a

policy guide to decisions about the physical development of the

community5’. These plans are considered comprehensive because these

plans cover all the aspects, functions of all the areas of the city with

perspective to two-three decades. Thus there are also known as long

term plans. In contrary to it, short-term plans are also prepared with

respect to one or two aspects of urban life.

For the planned development of some Indian cities the master

plans, has been prepared with government, official and public efforts, are

also comprehensive plans. These are prepared with respect to present

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and future development of the respective cities. The main objective of

these plans is the overall development of the city. These can be divided

as follow on the basis of various components of urban planning, which

are individual but still inter-related: -

1) Demographic planning: - Planning of an urban areas can succeed

when due consideration is given to present population and projected

population along with its locational aspects. Since, the major objective of

urban planning is focused around the improvement in the quality of life

of urban population, therefore, the study of population, its projection and

planning is an essential component of urban planning.

2) Urban landuse planning: - The scholars like Burgess, Hyatt,

Mackerjee, Harriss, Ulmann, and Fishesh have explained urban landuse

in detail. Burgess defined urban land in form of concentric zones, by

Hyatt as sector theory, by Hariss and Ulman as Multinuclic pattern.

Fishesh has defined urban land use with respect to the interests and

habits of urban population. Earlier the cities were small and their pace

of development was also very slow. But after industrial revolution there

has been a rapid increase in the size of the cities and the rural areas also

getting urbanized at faster rate.

As a result, presently, the problem of urban land use has become

much worst. The meant with urban land is to that land on which the

residences, industries, commerce, institutions, recreational facilities and

other public facilities are located.

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 For the proper planning of urban land use it is necessary to have

complete knowledge about existing land use pattern. The major objective

of urban planning is the proper use of urban land. The land use is

calculated with the help of land use maps. Urban land use planning

deals the optimum distribution of urban activities. For example, there

should be adequate space for residential areas, Industrial areas,

commercial areas, transport institutions, organization, recreation areas

etc, because all these services, activities and functions need space.

Therefore, the detailed study of existing urban land use and its

classification, the future needs for the space are the essential factors of

analysis in urban planning. To sum up, urban planning is basically the

planning of land use.

A detailed description of the types of land use in the planning of

Indian cities and villages is given below: -

(A) Residential planning: - This deals with the planning of

demographic character of the city'. It includes the planning of residential

settlements and houses of different level, types and values.

(B) Economic or Functional planning: - It deals with the detailed

analysis of working populations engaged in different occupations

including the economic base and functional structure of the city.

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(C) Transport planning: - It includes the government and non­

government efforts to solve the transport related problems of road, rail

and air with their management and planning.

(D) Planning of urban facilities and services: - It deals with the study

and planning for the solution of earlier mentioned problems. It includes

the facilities of recreational and open areas as well as of government and

different community facilities.

(E) Other uses: - It includes the other land uses like the land under

defense institutions, lakes, ponds etc.

7.4 Development Programmes for City Planning

The concept of development of new cities and urban areas in a

planned manner has started much earlier. About three thousand years

ago, in Egypt 'Kahun' was such city, which was developed slightly on the

base of this concept. In Europe during the period of colonization Greeks

developed several new cities for the purpose of trade, to provide

residences to increasing population and for defence as well as

administrative purposes. In Roman Empire also several cities were

planned for development. England and France & other areas too had

experienced the development of new cities in medieval period. In the

period of American colonization, by Europeans, was also a rise of several

newT cities like: Philadelphia (1692), Williamsberg (Virginia 1699),

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Savanah (1733) etc. After medieval period, especially in the last years of

19th century the existing cities have developed rapidly.

The concept of the development of modern cities in a well-planned

manner was first propounded by Ehnzer Horward, (1850861928), through

his concept of Garden cities. In a big city like London, he had

experienced so many problems, which prove as obstacles in the proper

functioning of urban life. Therefore, in his book "Tomorrow - A peaceful

path to Real Reform" (1898) and its edition "Garden Cities of Tomorrow"

he had given his concept to develop new cities with gardens. According

to this concept, eveiy city has the functional limits to its growth.

Therefore, he had given the proposal to develop new centres with limited

area and population to tackle the problem of overgrowth of London. In

such cities due to limited area and population there is interdependency

at social as well as at economic level and the land is under control in

public interest. Harward ha;s given his concept of garden city with wards

and neighborhood units, which have the provision of parks in between,

and a school at the centre of a city. These wards or units were planned

in a radial pattern. The whole city was encircled by peripheral railway

and the industries were located at the fringes of city, from where the

commuting was easy and a green belt was provided as a physical limit of

the city. On the basis of this concept of Harward the first garden city

was established in 1903 in London as Lirawarth.

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 Garden City Association was established in Britain due to efforts of

Sir Harward, which later on proved to be the base of Town and Country

Planning Association. USSR too has experienced the development of new

cities in great number. During the period between 1926-1963, more

than 800 new cities were developed out of which, 1/3 were developed

from the undeveloped areas. In India, the development of new cities took

place after independence.

A number of aspects are considered in the planning and

development of new cities. The optimum size of city with regard to area

and population density, determination of urban extent, limits etc, the

Provision of all the essential factors for a complete urban area,

interdependency, optimum balance between social & economic aspects,

Design & architecture of the buildings and cities, their rules, regulations

and concepts in better balance and the limits, types and nature of land

ownership etc are considered for well organized planning of a city.

According to Backmen, 'Whether the development of a new city

near to a growth centre or the development of a satellite town or it is the

development of a completely new town, it becomes necessary to decide

policy with regard to the needs, size, functions etc. of the new cities for

better quality of life.

Due to increasing population and vehicles the problems has

increased by leaps and bounds; as a result it has become necessary to

prepare master plans of cities to tackle these problems. In present

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context, urban planning has become much complex as it considers not

only the existing status but also the future is given due consideration. It

is necessary to have balanced planning of the various components of the

city.

The subject matter of urban planning can be considered on the

basis of following aspects: -

(a) Designing of new areas of the city.

(b) Redesigning of old areas of the city.

(c) Urban land use planning.

(d) Determination of the optimum size of a city.

(e) Urban Transport planning.

(f) Balanced urbanization.

(g) To decide the extent of the city.

(h) To reduce pressure on city

(i) To control the pollution in the city.

(a) Designing of new areas of the city: -

Urban areas develop on existing rural areas. Therefore, to develop

the rural areas into urban area, the localization of urban functions is

much necessary i.e. what will be the layout of roads & streets,

location of schools, commercial institutions, residential areas,

industrial areas, recreation facilities, parking places, sewerage etc. are

decided with regard to rural base. e.g. for an industrial area,

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hundreds of hectare of land will be developed, with the facility of road

and rail transport, cheap land is available and the city does not get

polluted through the factories such aspects are required to be

considered. Some land should be kept for recreational purposes also.

The sewerage line should be designed in such a manner that there is

no blockade of water even during heavy rain. A planner is responsible

for the designing and layout of all these facilities. During 1970-80,

there was felt the need to develop new areas for the Rohtak City. As a

result, several planned sectors that is 1, 2, 3, 4, 14 has been

developed by Haryana Urban Development Authority till now, while

the development of other new areas is under progress. But in spite of

these wards there is still need of new developed areas with modern

facilities for the future projected population. Similarly, to fulfill the

demand of the employment and by having the strong prospective of

industrial development in the mid-eighties Industrial Development

Colony was established. But now total area of the Industrial Colony is

covered by the industries. So there is a need to extend the area of the

Industrial Development Colony, and surrounded areas of the colony

should be reserved for the plantation of trees to control environment

pollution.

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 (b) Re-designing of old areas of the city: -

Planner has to consider the problems of existing buildup area of

the city also because most of the cities, in lack of planning, get untidy

& inhabitable, especially the old city get much dense gradually. The

houses in this part of the city are unable to have adequate air and

sunlight. Therefore, such parts of the city should be planned at

following pattern: -

(i) Urban conservation.

(ii) Urban Renewal

(iii) Urban Redevelopment.

In case of urban conservation there is no change in the land use

pattern. It mainly deals with the cleanliness drive of the area through

the clearance of the illegal constructions, improvement in the health

facilities, proper maintenance of houses, godowns and other buildings

through proper rules, so that the public facilities can be served

adequately. Old parts of the, study area, Rohtak city should be kept

under the urban conservation like area near Dini mosque and Bada

Bazar and Babra Mohalla etc. In these areas, condition of old buildings;

road and street should be improved through proper attention.

Urban renewal is required in the central parts of the city, which

are generally found in depleted conditions. These densely hebetated

areas need improvement so that proper air and light can pass through

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them. It includes the widening of roads up to optimum level, clearance

of encroachments demarcation of footpath etc. The old depleted

buildings are dashed out for new constructions and the constructions of

multi-storied buildings by clearance of slums are covered under it. As

far the Rohtak is concerned several old parts of the city have been

cleared away and the new modern structures have been constructed.

Such development in the city has taken place in the parts of Senior

Secondary School near old Bus Stand, close to the Central Business

District, Palika Bazar, Civil Hospital, Municipal Committee Office and all

the administrative office like Courts and Deputy Commissioner Office.

Several multi-storied markets also have been constructed at Bhiwani

Stand, Ashoka Talkies chowk, opposite Liberty Cinema etc. In spite of

these efforts there is still need of improvement of old buildings and

removal of encroachments on the Qila Road Markets, Bhiwani Stand and

in the market near old Bus Stand.

Urban redevelopment includes the overall changes in the land use

pattern through the demolition of old structures and construction of

newly designed buildings as per the requirement of the population and

required facilities. This type of planning is needed at many places in

Rohtak city, like old bus stand is closed and new is developed and now it

will be good to develop it as a modern sopping complex. As, it is close to

the CBD, it will be helpful to reduce the pressure of CBD.

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(c) Urban land use planning: -

In ancient times the cities were small and the growth rate was also

very low. But, in present times there is rapid increase in the size of the

cities. As a result, the urban land use has become a major problem at

present. Land use deals with the proper utilization of land i.e. there

should be adequate space for the localization of urban functions,

transport network, institutions, organizations, recreational etc. Rohtak

city has also experienced the large-scale changes in the development

process of the city, which has been reflected in the transformation of

land use. All the areas near the Central Business District like Bhiwani

Stand were earlier used for residential purposes but now they are being

used for trade and commercial purposes. Similar, has happened in the

case of the areas adjoining all the major markets of the city.

(d) Determination of the optimum size of a City: -

The rapidly extending pace of urbanization has forced the urban

planners to consider the limits of urbanization. Whether there should be

some check on the development of large activities or they should let grow

continuously. It has become important in the light of environment

degradation; urban pollution, traffic jams, slums, unauthorized

constructions etc. Several problems have emerged in due course. The

planning of such cities becomes much complex. Therefore the concept of

optimum size of the cities has come up, according to which city should

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have better facilities, functions, organized transport system, pollution

free environment with no problem of unemployment. The optimum size

of cities depends on various conditions like transport, community

facilities, services and employment opportunities etc. In case of Rohtak,

the present development plan, which has been prepared with prospective

to the year 2025 A.D., has determined the population growth up to 7

Lakhs during the plan period. By this exercise, an effort has been done to

regulate the haphazard development and similarly the activities have

been proposed to fulfill the future requirements.

(e) Urban transport planning: -

Urban functions, services and land use are connected by transport

network; therefore, urban transport planning is an important component

of urban planning. Urban transport includes the bridges, roads, rail and

air transport. The internal roads & streets are also an important

component of urban transport system. Presently, every country is facing

the problem of urban transport in one form or the other. For the proper

policy framework a planner should be conversant with the existing

nature and extent of urban transport. Transport in cities is a major land

use, which separates the services. The size of the city is characterized by

transport network. Urban transport system should be efficient and

cheap. To solve the problem of transport, if necessary the bridge and fly­

over should be constructed. The availability of adequate parking space is

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also another major problem of transport' system. Which should be

provided at adequate places. Widening of roads and construction of bye-

pass can reduce the problem. One-way traffic also is another solution to

increasing problem of transport, after the proper assessment of the

increasing pressure of traffic. The new areas should be provided with

adequate roads with future requirements. Due consideration should be

given to internal roads and streets also of the city and the efforts should

go on for their continuous improvement. In the due process of

development, a bye pass has been constructed in the north of the Rohtak

City in order to reduce the inflow of the traffic in to the city. In addition,

a new Bus Stand also has been developed on the bye pass to reduce the

traffic pressure in the city. A fly over also been constructed over the

railway line on Hissar Road to give the traffic a smooth movement.

Encroachments have also been cleared from all the major roads like on

Sonepat Stand near Mini Secretariat and District Court road has been

cleared of such activities to give the easy passage to the traffic. To ensure

the organized flow of traffic, traffic lights have also been installed at same

intersections like on Sonepat stand, Asoka Talkies crossing and Shiela

Bye-Pass Crossing. But these are not sufficient, for present and future

developments; there is still need of developments in transportation

facilities and planning. On Bhiwani road railway crossing and near

Bajrang Bhawan, on Gohana railway crossing, there is need of flyovers

and Sub-way in CBD, on Bhiwani Stand. Because these areas are

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creating traffic jams for hours daily. And it is also needed of making one­

way traffic on Jhajjar Road and on Circular. Traffic lights also needed at

Medical Mor, Bhiwani Stand, Jhajjar Road and near old Bus Stand for

good traffic flow.

(f) Balanced Urbanization: -

The achievement of balanced urbanization is also important aspect of

urban planning. Urbanization has no direction in developing countries.

In India, urbanization is continuously increasing right from the

beginning of 20th century. Urban planners have to put check over this

rapid pace of urbanization, to avoid unbalanced urbanization. Rohtak is

no exemption in this case. It has also experienced the unregulated

development in past. But, now due to public private efforts the city is

being developed in a planned manner. The every function of the city has

been given optimal location in order to make the city habitable.

(g) To decide the extent of a city: -

It is necessary to check the excessive extension of large cities with

increasing population. It is possible only in the case when the semi-

urban and rural areas are also developed simultaneously, otherwise the

regional imbalance will keep on widening. National commission on

urbanization has put stress over the development of medium towns. For

this purpose, a small and medium towns coordination program was

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started in 6th five-year plan, which focused on the development of

location facilities. In 8th plan the stress was put on the strengthening of

the link roads, bus terminals, industrial sheds, water supply,

construction and improvement of roads, shopping centres, tourism

facilities etc., in medium towns. It will not only serve our purpose but

also will help to reduce the local and regional imbalance. As per 2001

census, Rohtak had a population of 286773 persons and it is a class I

city. If its past growth is given due consideration then the city is going to

extend over the vast areas, which will add up to the problems of the city.

Therefore, the efforts has been made to develop the sounding areas of the

Rohtak city namely: - Sampla, Kalanaur and Meham. After the

development of these areas the pressure on Rohtak is supposed to get

reduce up to a great extent. The emergence of new district Jhajjar out of

Rohtak district will regain the development of District level infrastructure

in Jhajjar town, which is also supposed to reduce the overburden of the

migrating population over the Rohtak city.

(h) To reduce pressure on city: -

Due to rapid increase of the cities the pressure of population also

have increased to a great extent, due to which there has developed

excessive difference in the demand and supply of services. It is further

resulting in the expensiveness of the services, and the lower class is

largely affected in such situation. The basic services like drinking water,

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cleanliness, education and health facilities go beyond the reach of lower

class and as a result slums emerges out on the city map. Traffic

congestion, noise pollution, increased traveling time, expensive Journey

etc are the other problems which are the result of increasing pressure on

the city. Therefore, to reduce the pressure on city, there should be check

on the population increase. In addition to this, localization of services for

the present population in cities and improvement of slums should be

done on priority basis.

(i) To control the pollution in the city:

In urban planning, increasing pollution is also given due

consideration. For this purpose, the separate industrial colony has been

developed at the outer parts of the city. So that the industrial activity

does not have adverse impact over the health of residents. For the

purpose tree also have been planted in the open spaces and the

environment awareness drive is also executed by government from time

to time. To reduce the vehicular pollution, all the heavy traffic is kept

only on the fringes of the city. In case of Auto rickshaws, the systematic

sampling policy has been framed by the administration in which some

particular category of auto-rickshaws are not allowed to run on roads on

some particular days of the week.

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7.5 Proposed Land Use of the city

Planning has an inescapable geographical basis, it is essential to

the planner’s work. A planner must understand the existing landscape

before he tires to reform it. While planning for urban land use, existing

problems are given due consideration. Urban problems have already

been discussed in detail in earlier chapters. The planning for the Rohtak

city is being done in similar perspective with respect to increasing

population which has been dealt at following heads: -

(i) Planning for Residential Areas: Lack of adequate residences is a

basic problem of any city, due to ever increasing population pressure.

Rohtak is no exemption in this case and presents the similar problem. For

example, the supply of houses in proportion to increasing demand is very

less, which is further resulting in the increasing pressure of population

on the existing housing facilities. It is further reducing the habitability of

the city. Since the old houses of the city have get developed in an

unregulated way therefore these parts are proving the excessive problem

areas. Even the busiest areas are also being used for residential

purposes. These areas do not have adequate health and other facilities.

Similarly, the residences have developed even on the main roads and

streets, which are not suitable for human habitation. To solve this

problem, 1950 hectares has been proposed to be developed as residential

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areas in the development plan of the city with the density of 250 hectares,

which is sure to reduce this problem in future.

(ii) Planning for Commercial Areas: Generally all the commercial areas

of the Rohtak city has developed in an unplanned manner in the past

because the commercial institutions get established as per the

requirements at that time, without any assessment of the future

requirements. Older areas of the city are presently facing a number of

problems. First of all there is no space for parking in these areas due to

narrow roads & lanes. As a result, the people coming from other areas to

this part have no parking facility & the problems are continuously

increasing. Traffic jams are common in such area, which is the wastage of

time, money & power. In addition, it also results in noise & smoke

pollution. Second is the problem of narrow roads. Another problem is

the lack of modern shopping complex, which may provide the daily

consumer goods. But now some shopping complexes are coming up in

the areas of Bhiwani stand, Ashoka crossing and Palika Bazar etc. The

development plan of the city proposes an area of about 312 hectares in

sector 6 and sector 18 Part for commercial uses viz. trade, ware-housing,

storage and whole sale trade etc. Sector 6 is proposed to be develop as

city centre and the provision of main Bus Stand has been made in this

sector. Besides a few commercial belts have also been provided in sectors

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34, 35 and 37 along V-2 Road. Which will help to reduce the pressure on

internal markets resulting in the reduction of problems.

(iii) Planning of Industrial Areas: There is only one planned industrial

area that is Industrial Development Colony and at present it is totally

occupied and different other industrial units are scattered in the different

part of the city. So, there is a need of another planed industrial area for

present and future development. In order to tackle these problems, the

master plan has proposed the industrial sector, on southern side,

keeping in view the proposal of final development plan published in 1982

in sectors 20, 21, 22 part 24 and 25 part. So an area of about 810

hectare has been kept which includes proposed sector 36 on Gohana

Road as against 388 hectares provided in the published plan.

(iv) Planning of Transport and Communication: -Central part of

Rohtak city is in low laying area, which face problem of water flooding

during rainy season and road transport is badly affected by it. Delhi is

the capital city of India, so, the maximum interaction is in between

Rohtak and Delhi, and it results in heavy pressure on transportation

between these two cities. With the technological development, there is

requirement of an air -strip for air transport. Although, an aerodrome

was constructed in 1942 at Rohtak but it was closed down after World

War II. And with growth in the city it is also needed with development in

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the transportation. Keeping in view the trend of expansion of urbanisable

areas towards northern side and to protect the city from floods, site of

airstrip has been omitted which was provided in the earlier published

development plan. Proposal of Transport Nagar has been made in Sector

5. The provision of Air Strip will be made in rural Zone as soon as the

recommendation for the same is received from the Director, Civil

Aviation, New Delhi. So presently an area of 429 hectares (including

major roads) has been provided in area of 498 hectares in published

plan. As per Regional Plan proposals, additional railway track is to be

provided between Delhi and Rohtak, which has been proposed in this

plan. For High Speed Tramway System a strip of land along the Rohtak-

Delhi railway line has been reserved on its northern side in this plan.

(v) Planning of Public Utilities: To solve the problems and

developments in utility services, an area of about 241 hectares has been

provided for services like water supply, grid sub-station, disposal works

etc. In different sectors viz. Sectors 1, 2, 7, 23, 35, 32 and 34 to cope

with the demands from time to time, in addition to the existing water

services. For solid waste disposal an area of about 20 hectares has been

proposed along drain No. 8 on Rohtak-Hissar road.

(vi) Planning of Public and Semi-Public Facilities: An area of 610

hectare has been proposed for this use in sectors 7, 29, 30 and 31 in

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addition to the sufficient vacant pockets available at Maharishi Dayanad

University and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus in

Sector 15. Besides some strips of land have also been reserved in

Sectors 36 and 36-A along V-2 Road.

(vii) Planning for the Provision of Open Spaces: There is lack of

properly maintained open spaces in the city. Therefore, as per the

proposals of master plan of the city, an area of about 244 hectares will

come under open spaces, which will include green belts along V-l Road

and other roads. The areas of Tilyar Complex, Sector 32 and the areas of

Ronakpura reserved by Archeology Department are taken in this zone.

7.6 Conclusion

To sum up, Rohtak represents typical characteristics and is no

exception to other cities. It has experienced the problem of unregulated

development in its earlier days with the increasing pressure on its

available resources, It has also attracted a large scale immigrants from

the surrounding areas adding up to its existing problems. However, with

the collective efforts, now there has been large-scale transformation in

the city structure and the activities to make it habitable, has boosted up.

On the one hand the Municipal Committee has started efforts to improve

the internal conditions of the city, while on the other hand the planning

authorities has started the regulation of development of city on the outer

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areas. In order to check the pressure of population on the city the due

consideration has been given for the development of surrounding towns

too. All these efforts, if implemented effectively, are sure to reduce the

present problems of the city & will help to improve the quality of life of

the citizens.

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