Economy

impoverished countries
/ɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ˈkʌntriz/
(noun) .
các quốc gia nghèo khó, kém phát triển
Conditions in the world's most impoverished countries are reflected in their life
expectancies.

to maintain economic stability

/tu meɪnˈteɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk stəˈbɪlɪti/
(verb) .
duy trì sự ổn định kinh tế
Government has put in place is helping to maintain economic stability.

middle-income class
/ˈmɪdəl-ˈɪnˌkʌm klæs/
(noun) .
tầng lớp có thu nhập trung bình
While almost 70% of baby boomers were part of middle-income households in
their twenties, only 60% of millennials are today.

a high standard of living

/ə haɪ ˈstændərd ʌv ˈlɪvɪŋ/
(noun) .
mức sống cao
Being rich and enjoying a high standard of living was not the goal.

harsh competition
/hɑrʃ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən/
(noun) .
cạnh tranh khắc nghiệt
Harsh competition is encouraged from an early age in most Indians.

to prioritize economic growth

/tu praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ/
(verb) .
ưu tiên tăng trưởng kinh tế
This further indicates that these countries prioritize economic growth over
environmental degradation.

need for expansion

/nid fɔr ɪkˈspænʃən/
(noun) .
Sự cần thiết phải mở rộng
The need for expansion is the need to broaden your horizons and create new
empires.

deforestation on a massive scale

/dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən ɑn ə ˈmæsɪv skeɪl/
(noun) .
phá rừng trên diện rộng
The industry has caused tropical deforestation on a massive scale in producing
countries.

the production of amenities

/ðə prəˈdʌkʃən ʌv əˈmɛnətiz/
(noun) .
sản xuất các thiết bị tiện nghi
The production of amenities is generally will vary on this spectrum of
compatibility.

lucrative industry
/ˈlukrətɪv ˈɪndəstri/
(noun) .
ngành công nghiệp sinh lợi
The lucrative tourist industry was becoming increasingly cut-throat.

Environmental deterioration
/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl dɪˈtɪriəˌreɪʃən/
(noun) .
Suy thoái môi trường
The major causes of the environmental degradation are modern urbanization,
industrialization etc.

to mitigate the negative impact of ...

/tu ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ðə ˈnɛgətɪv ˈɪmpækt ʌv /
(verb) .
giảm thiểu tác động tiêu cực của cái gì đó
We call for cooperation to maximize the benefits and mitigate the negative impact
of the expected technological.

patterns of consumption
/ˈpætərnz ʌv kənˈsʌmpʃən/
(noun) .
đặc điểm tiêu dùng
This will require transformative and radical change to energy policies, patterns of
consumption.
reduction in the national budget on...
/rəˈdʌkʃən ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈbʌʤɪt ɑn /
(noun) .
giảm ngân sách quốc gia cho
The government agreed to reduce the national budget's on social benefits.

gender equality
/ˈʤɛndər ɪˈkwɑləti/
(noun) .
bình đẳng giới
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation
for a peaceful.

cultural preservation
/ˈkʌlʧərəl ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən/
(noun) .
bảo tồn văn hóa
Cultural preservation and protection is a major concern for indigenous peoples who
have become minorities in their own lands.

✍ Bài tập từ vựng IELTS chủ đề Economy

Sau khi đã tìm hiểu sơ lược về những khía cạnh liên quan cùng danh sách từ vựng
IELTS chủ đề Economy hữu ích thì chúng ta hãy cùng nhau luyện tập để ôn lại từ
vựng nhé!

Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with suitable words in the box.
It is true that in order to
, countries must sacrifice environmental conservation. Undoubtedly, the increased
amount of energy and resources exploited results in
. This can be explained by
by building more industrial zones and infrastructure, which requires deforestation
. Thus, there will be habitat loss for millions of species, extreme temperature
swings, and various other serious damages to our ecosystem. The second reason
can be attributed to
used by factories which harmfully damage the environment and
. For example, Vedan company was accused of damaging the soil and
by discharging wastewater directly into the Thi Vai river with proper treatment in
2015. Until now, people are still
, such as cancer, blindness, and birth defects after that catastrophic event.
💡 Gợi ý
the need for expansion
prioritize economic growth
negatively affect people’s health
suffering from diseases
the huge number of chemicals
on a massive scale
natural degradation
contaminating the water
TỪ VỰNG IELTS CHỦ ĐỀ ENVIRONMENT
1. Danh từ chủ đề Environment

Pollution: sự ô nhiễm/quá trình ô nhiễm

Pollutant: chất gây ô nhiễm
Polluter: người/tác nhân gây ô nhiễm
Environmental pollution: ô nhiễm môi trường
Air/soil/water pollution: ô nhiễm không khí/đất/nước
Contamination: sự làm nhiễm độc
Greenhouse: hiệu ứng nhà kính
Forest fire: cháy rừng
Deforestation: phá rừng
Gas exhaust/emission: khí thải
Carbon dioxide emissions: phát thải khí CO2
Greenhouse gas emissions: khí thải nhà kính
Soil erosion: xói mòn đất
Ecosystem: hệ sinh thái
A marine ecosystem: hệ sinh thái dưới nước
Protection/preservation/conservation: bảo vệ/bảo tồn
Wind/solar power/energy: năng lượng gió/mặt trời
Alternative energy: năng lượng thay thế
Solar panel: tấm năng lượng mặt trời
Biodiversity preservation: sự bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học
Natural resources: tài nguyên thiên nhiên
The ozone layer: tầng ozon
Acid rain: mưa axit

2. Động từ chủ đề Environment

Contaminate/pollute: làm ô nhiễm/làm nhiễm độc
Pollute rivers and lakes/waterways/the air/the atmosphere/the environment/oceans:
làm ô nhiễm sông và hồ/luồng nước/không khí/bầu khí quyển/môi trường/đại
dương

Contaminate groundwater/the soil/food/crops: làm ô nhiễm nguồn nước

ngầm/đất/thực phẩm/mùa màng

Dispose/release/get rid of: thải ra

Exploit: khai thác

Cut/reduce: giảm thiểu

Cut down on/reduce pollution/greenhouse gas emissions: giảm ô nhiễm/lượng khí

thải nhà kính

Preserve/conserve: bảo tồn/giữ gìn

Preserve/conserve biodiversity/natural resources: bảo tồn/ giữ gìn sự đa dạng sinh

học/tài nguyên thiên nhiên

Make use of/take advantage of: tận dụng/lợi dụng

Over-abuse: lạm dụng quá mức

Halt/discontinue/stop: ngăn chặn/làm dừng lại

Tackle/cope with/deal with: giải quyết

Fight/take action on/reduce/stop global warming: đấu tranh chống/hành động

chống/giảm/ngăn chặn sự nóng lên toàn cầu

Limit/curb/control/combat: hạn chế/ngăn chặn/kiểm soát/chống lại

Limit/curb/control air/water/atmospheric/environmental pollution: hạn chế/ngăn

chặn/kiểm soát sự ô nhiễm không khí/nước/bầu khí quyển/môi trường

Damage/destroy: phá hủy

Damage/destroy the environment/a marine ecosystem/the ozone layer/coral reefs:

phá hủy môi trường/hệ sinh thái dưới nước/tầng ozon/rặng san hô

Cause/contribute to climate change/global warming: gây ra biến đổi khí hậu/nóng

lên toàn cầu

Produce pollution/CO2/greenhouse (gas) emissions: gây ô nhiễm/ phát thải khí

CO2/khí thải nhà kính

Threaten natural habitats/coastal ecosystems/a species with extinction: đe dọa môi

trường sống tự nhiên/hệ sinh thái ven bờ/giống loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng

Degrade ecosystems/habitats/the environment: làm suy thoái hệ sinh thái/môi

trường sống
Harm the environment/wildlife/marine life: gây hại cho môi trường/môi trường
sống tự nhiên/môi trường sống dưới nước

3. Tính từ chủ đề Environment

Pollutive: bị ô nhiễm

Toxic/poisonous: độc hại

Excessive: quá mức

Serious/severe/acute: nghiêm trọng

Thorny/head-aching/head-splitting: đau đầu/nhức nhối (thường đi với từ problems)

Excessive: quá mức

Fresh/pure: trong lành

Effective/efficient/efficacious: hiệu quả

Environmentally-friendly: thân thiện với môi trường

BÀI MẪU ÁP DỤNG TỪ VỰNG CHỦ ĐỀ ENVIRONMENT

Đề bài: People think that government should increase the cost of fuel for cars and
other vehicles to solve environmental problems. Give your opinion.
Essay:

It is widely believed that one solution to environmental problems would be for

governments to raise the price of petrol. While I consider that this might be an
effective measure, I would argue that other measures might have an even greater
impact. If national authorities raised taxes on petrol, this would address two
environmental issues. Firstly, in terms of private cars, motorists would limit the
number and length of their journeys to compensate for the extra expense.
Governments would then be forced to upgrade and expand public transport
provision, as people would still need to travel to work, to school or to travel to
shops and hospitals, for example. Secondly, from the perspective of freight
services, more goods would have to be transported by rail rather than by truck.
Both these measures would cut down on emissions from vehicles and help to
reduce the greenhouse effect. On the other hand, while this rise in fuel prices might
be a useful stopgap measure, governments could adopt transport policies that
would be more effective in the long term. The local authorities in London, for
instance, introduced a congestion charge on all vehicles visiting the city centre.
They use the money raised to subsidize the cost of fares and to invest in transport
infrastructure. In turn, this has improved the air quality in the city, as a result of the
reduction in exhaust fumes. Another policy would be to introduce free bus and
train passes, as the increased use of public transport would reduce pollution from
private cars and help in the effort to combat global warming.

In conclusion, a sharp rise in petrol prices would be a useful environmentally-

friendly transport measure, although in the longer term other steps would be more
effective.