University of Technology

Petroleum Technology
Department

Engineering Practice

(Tank and pump problem)

By group EP19 :

Ali Karim Salman

Supervised by :

Dr. Anwar N. Mohammed Ali
Muna Kheder Jassim
Anfal Hayder Sadiq
Date: 2022/5/19


Abstract

We have an electric generator

that outfiting a place with electric
energy,This generator operating
throughout the month with daily
average of (8) hours of operation
at a rate of (200) liter per day but
the fuel was consumed six days
before the end of the month ,
tank Capacity 4800 liter , After
solving the problem of the tank
and finding a tank that is sufficient
for 30 days, we have a problem in
transferring fuel to the tank when
the tank is empty , so we will need
a pumps to transfer the fuel to the


tank , We used the fluid flow rate

law , pump connection rules and
the power pump law, a tank with
a capacity 6000L must be used
This is enough to run the
generator for a whole month, at a
rate of 8 hours per day and at a
consumption rate of 200 liter
therefore, we brought a tank
capacity 6000 L,and two
Centrifugal pumps and join them
in parallel ,and within the rules of
connecting pumps and safety
procedures in a period of time not
exceeding 20minutes.


Introduction

Volumetric flow rate or fluid flow rate in

physics and engineering, and specifically
in fluid flow science, is the volume of
fluid that passes or flows during a unit
time, and is usually denoted by the
symbol Q. Its SI unit is m3/s or cubic
meters per second, and there is another
unit s/cm is used to mean standard cubic
centimeters per minute.


The pump head or discharge head of a

diesel pump is a measure of the power of
a pump. The greater the pump head, the
greater the pressure that the pump can
generate. This statistic is measured in
meters (or feet) and is calculated by
placing a tube on a pump's discharge and
measuring the maximum height to which
it can pump diesel.

How to connect pumps in parallel

Connecting in parallel, i.e. on the branch,
is used in order to obtain the abundance
of any double flow, while keeping the
height that the liquid can reach as it is,
meaning that only the abundance
increases in this case.

power of pump (w p) : it is the diesel
capacity of the pump and measured in
watts.

Best Efficiency Point - BEP


The best operating conditions will in

general be close to the best efficiency
point – BEP.

Pumps in Parallel or Series

Pumps can be arranged in serial or
parallel to provide additional head or flow
rate capacity.

Pumps in Serial - Heads Added
When two (or more) pumps are arranged
in serial, their resulting pump
performance curve is
obtained by adding their heads at same
flow rate as indicated in the figure below.
Centrifugal pump in series are used to
overcome larger system head loss than
one pump can handle alone. For two
identical pumps in series the head will be
twice the head of a single pump at the


same flow rate. With constant flowrate

the combined head moves from 1 to 2. In
practice the combined head and flow
rated moved along the system curve to 3.
If one of the pumps stops, the operation
point moves along the system resistance
curve from point 1 to point 2 - head and
flow rate are decreased. Series operation
of single stage pumps is seldom
encountered - more often multistage
centrifugal pumps are used.

Pumps in Parallel - Flow Rate Added


When two or more pumps are arranged in

parallel their resulting performance curve
is
obtained by adding their flowrates at the
same head as indicated in the figure
below.

Centrifugal pumps in parallel are used to

overcome larger volume flows than one
pump can handle alone. For two identical
pumps in parallel the flowrate will double


(moving from 1 to 2) compared to a single

pump if head is kept constant. In practice
the combined head and volume flow
moves along the system curve as
indicated from 1 to 3.

If one of the pumps in parallel or series
stops, the operation point moves along
the system resistance curve from point 3
to point 1 - the head and flow rate are
decreased.

Cavitation of Water Pumps:

Whenever a pump is positioned above the
water supply reservoir, the water in the
suction line is under pressure lower than
atmospheric. The phenomenon of
cavitation becomes a potential danger
whenever the water pressure at any
location in the pumping system drops


substantially below atmospheric pressure.

The value of Hs (suction head) must be
kept within a limit so that the pressure at
every location in the pump is always
above the vapor pressure of water,
otherwise the water will be vaporized and
cavitation will occur. The vaporized water
forms small vapor bubbles in the flow.
These bubbles collapse when they reach
the region of higher pressure in the pump.
Violent vibrations may result from the
collapse of vapor bubbles in water.
Successive bubble breakup with
considerable impact force may cause high
local stresses on the metal surface of the
vane blades and the housing. These
stresses cause surface pitting and will
rapidly damage the pump.


Conclusion

• Expand the tank capacity by
buying a new tank with capacity
6000L .

• supply the tank with fuel
through two centrifugal pumps.

• capacity of each pump 150 L/m .

• connecting the pumps in parallel







Reference

Shariff, A. “Hydaulics and Fluid
Mechanics” Dhanpatrai and Sons,
(1987).

Gülich, Johann Friedrich (2010).
Centrifugal Pumps (2nd ed.). ISBN
978-3-642-12823

https://blog.craneengineering.net/
5-basic-rules-of-pump-piping

Ranald V. (1981), Fluid Mechanics
and Hydraulics McGrawHill ,
London1824