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    Shear Stress

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    20 views10 pages

    CSE20201 Lecture 11

    Uploaded by

    Ho Fung Leung
    Shear Stress

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    Structural Mechanics (CSE 20201) Lecture 11 Dr Seagye ZA Departs of Cit ed Esroumsttal Enemsonint The Hang Kong Plptecic University Chapter 11: + Transverse Shear Lecture 11: Out + Chapter 11: Transverse Shear = Shear in Straight Member = The Shear Formula ~ Shear Stresses in Beams 11.1 Shear in Straight uemvers iii + Shear Vis the result of a transverse shear-stress distribution that acts over the beam’s x-section. + Due to complementary property of shear. associated longitudinal shear stresses also act along longitudinal planes of beam Conpemertory hear Stn Mary pont 41.4 Shear in Straight Member de + Complementary property of shear | ~ Text book po. 34 fs ~ Al our shear stresses must have equal mmagnituse and be ditected either ie toward or aviay fom each ctrerat opposite edges of the elomant 11.1 Shear in Straight Members ai Apply load P 0 (a) and (0), respectively Observatio: a) iftop and bottom surfaces of each board are smooth and not bonded together, then application of load P will cause the boards fo slide relative to one another. b) However, if boards are bonded together, longitudinal shear stresses will develop and distort x-section in a complex manner 41.1 Shear in Straight embers ili + Whet will really happen, when shear Vis applied? + the non-uniform shear- strain distribution over x- section will cause it 0 werp, i., not remain in plane 14.1 Shear in Straight Members, Ea + Recall that the flexure formula assumes that cross- sections must remain plane and perpendicular to longitudinal axis of beam after deformation + This is violated when beam is subjected to both bending and shear, we assume that the warping is so small it can be neglected. This is true for a slender beam (small depth compared with its length) + For transverse shear, shear-strain distribution throughout the depth of a beam cannot be easily expressed mathematically + Thus, we need to develop the formula for shear stress indirectly using the flexure formula and relationship between moment and shear (V=aMion) 411.2 The Shear Formula ae ths ll Focequitrim tneinaresienesr - frustenstonthe out ace Ss g Intomalsteas Naw ath H. 411.2 The Shear Formula aa 411.2 The Shear Formula ae gel ES. gh lean 7” ae a Fromaqsitum ADA 0 [pea fo-an-stecd)=0 JR yae-[()rae-euacy=0 411.2 The Shear Formula de onl ES. ol ittains 7 EE 7 ( 1a) Frmegumnum = vat ° tds Je a Mementgaaen y= de Fintnonenstenn Qe yd¢ 11.2 The Shear Formula The Shear Formula J = moment of ineitia of entire x-sectional area computed about the neutral axis {1 = width of the member's x-sectional area, measured at the ptwnere rs to be determined Q=the first momentofaree Q=|,.yd4’=y'4" whore isthe top (or botiom) portion of momber’s x-sectional area fined from secton where ris measured, and y"is distance of controid of 4’, measured from NA 11.2 The Shear Formula + The equation derived is called the shear formula + Since itis derived indirectly from the flexure formula, the material must behave in a linear-elastic manner anc have a ‘modulus of elasticity that is the same in tension and in compression + Shear stress in composite members can also be obtained using the shear formula + Todo so, compute @ and I from the transformed section of the member Thickness f in formula remains the actual width t of x-section at the pt where ris to be calculated 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams Rectangular x-section + Consider beam to have rectangular x ‘section of width o and height 9 as shown, . + Distribution of shear stress throughout »- ‘section can be determined by computing shear stress at arbirary neight y from neutral axis, and plotting the funetion. 11.3 Shear Stresses Rectangular x-section + After deriving Q and applying the shear formula, we have ata) Sa + Eqn 2 indicates that shear- stress distribution over x- section is parabolic. 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams aa Rectangular x-section + Aty=0, we have 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams ae Wide flange beam + Awide-flange beam consists of two = (wide) “tanges” and a “web” + Using analysis simiar to a rectangular = ee et Tas = 137 section, the shear stress distibution 4 ‘ rw acting over x section ie shown vent + By comparison, Zz. iS 50% — SS, greater than the average —" shear stress determined FJ FrOM tng= VIA. : Pat 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams aa 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams aa Wide-flange beam Limitations on use of shear formula + ‘The shear-stress distrioution also varies parabolially over beam’s depth + Note there is a jump in shear stress at the fange-web junction since ¥-sectional thickness changes at this pt + The web cares signincantiy more shear force than the flanges _— + The shear formula will also give inaccurate results for the shear stress at the flange-web junction of a wide-flange beam, since this is 2 pt of sudden x-sectional change (stress concentration occurs here) + Furthermore, inner regions of flanges are free boundaries, thus shear stress at these boundaries should be zero. + However, shear formula calculated at these pts will not be ze10 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams Limitations on use of shear formula IMPORTANT + Fortunately, engineers are often interested in tne average + Sheer forces in beams cause non-inear shear-strain dstibutions maximum shear stress, which occurs at the neutral axis, over the x-section, eausingitto warp where o/a ratio fs very small + Dus to complementary property of shear stress. the shear stress + Also, shear tormuta does not gwe accurate results when developed in 2 beam acts en bot the x-section and on applied to members having x-sections that are short or flat longitudinal planes or at pts where the x-section suddenly changes +The shear formula was derived by considering horizontal force + it should also not be applied across a section that intersects equilbsium of iongitucnal shear stess and bending sess the boundary ofa member at an angle other than 90° distributions acting on a portion ofa difeentil segment ofthe beam 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams IMPORTANT Procedure for analyse = The shear formula is to be used on straight prismatic Imeralsnese sus members mage of homogeneous material that has linear- eckon sve erence + Obtain irteral snear V atime sector Sestion propertion + Determine loction of neural axs, elastic behavior. Also, internal resultant shear force must be directed along an axis of symmetry for x-sectional area + For beam having rectangular x-secton, shear stess varies «Datei the moment tne Tene crosescicnl wea boithe peraboiicaly with depth teres + For beam having rectangular x-section, maximum shear + Mews thew mnacrk Se orton a araying eer cboe or bow th sto i + Determine @by using @ + Here, Fis the distance of the local centroid of 4"to the neutal acs. (TP A isthe porton of te members cross-sectional erea oeing “hele ont the ‘member by the longitucinel shear stesses ) 11.3 Shear Stresses in Beams ae Procedure for analysis Sheer stress + Using consistent set of unts, substitute data into the shear formula and compute shear stess 2 + Suggest that proper direction of transverse shear stress be established on 2 volume element of material locatad at the pt where itis computed + racis on the cross-section in the same direction as V. Example 11-4 be + Asteel wide-flange beam has the dimensions shown in the figure. if it's subjected to a shear V = 80 KN, (a) plot the shear-stress distribution acting over the beams’ cross- sectional area, and (b) determine the shear force resisted by the wed Example 11-1 + Seluion “ = Duetosynneny.onyne star Sree none barde rove ireonpies ~ Newal ais tea of syemety = Nlomestefnens stow te 1-[ Moorsmxes: ie 2m Sn cay (03 Example 11-1 +The fst moment of area For ooint 8 0 Forpeint ¢ 1101}0.300my0.02:m = 0.660( 10") .-Y7-#-10.110m}0300m4002) +1005m40015n90.10%m) -0738¢0°)m! Example 11-1 + Shear stress rae a. yin pe aes Ys _ 8OKN 0.660010") 154g I ie WSSLO™) mi (0.300%) © jm errs atponto oom pa !Rr - 808N(0.40110" vom ° rn isse40" (osm " Atpontc PQ. _ 80KN(073810")m') i,” 1SS6q0°)mm (015m) =252MPa Example 11-1 + Some comments Tnax < Tattow Given ee, How to calculate Vein? Why do we wont to know the shear stress at point 8? Example 11-1 + Some comments Trrax ~ Tattowr = \ 26 ta

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