DNV CG 0372

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CLASS GUIDELINE
DNV-CG-0372 Edition August 2021
Foundation and mounting of machinery
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DNV AS
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FOREWORD
DNV class guidelines contain methods, technical requirements, principles and acceptance criteria
related to classed objects as referred to from the rules.
© DNV AS August 2021
Any comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnv.com
This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this
document. The use of this document by other parties than DNV is at the user's sole risk. Unless otherwise stated in an applicable contract,
or following from mandatory law, the liability of DNV AS, its parent companies and subsidiaries as well as their officers, directors and
employees (“DNV”) for proved loss or damage arising from or in connection with any act or omission of DNV, whether in contract or in tort
(including negligence), shall be limited to direct losses and under any circumstance be limited to 300,000 USD.
CHANGES – CURRENT
Changes - current
This document supersedes the July 2019 edition of DNVGL-CG-0372.
The numbering and/or title of items containing changes is highlighted in red.
Changes August 2021
Topic Reference Description
Rebranding to DNV All This document has been revised due to the rebranding of DNV

GL to DNV. The following have been updated: the company
name, material and certificate designations, and references to
other documents in the DNV portfolio. Some of the documents
referred to may not yet have been rebranded. If so, please see
the relevant DNV GL document. No technical content has been
changed.
Editorial corrections
In addition to the above stated changes, editorial corrections may have been made.
Class guideline — DNV-CG-0372. Edition August 2021 Page 3
DNV AS
CONTENTS
Contents
Changes – current.................................................................................................. 3
Section 1 General.................................................................................................... 5
1 Objective..............................................................................................5
2 Scope................................................................................................... 5
3 Application........................................................................................... 5
Section 2 Principles and recommendations for foundation and mounting............... 6
1 General requirements.......................................................................... 6
2 Rigid mounting.................................................................................... 6
3 Resilient mounting...............................................................................8
Section 3 Basic calculations.................................................................................. 10

1 General.............................................................................................. 10
2 Calculation of the required minimum mating surface of cast resin
chocks...................................................................................................11
3 Calculation of preloading force exerted on one foundation bolt by
tightening............................................................................................. 11
4 Calculation of tightening torque of foundation bolt if using a
torque wrench...................................................................................... 11
5 Calculation of hydraulic pressure if using hydraulic tension device.... 11
6 Calculation of bolt elongation on basis of pre-loading force...............11
7 Alternative to required elongation.....................................................12
8 Calculation of equivalent and/or tensile stress related to the
minimum shank diameter of foundation bolt on basis of pre-loading
force..................................................................................................... 14
9 Calculation of tensile stress related to thread root diameter of
foundation bolt on basis of preloading force........................................ 14
Appendix A Examples for foundations...................................................................15
1 Foundation bolts................................................................................ 15
2 Engine foundation arrangements.......................................................17
3 Propulsion plant arrangement........................................................... 22
4 Rigid mounting - details.................................................................... 24
5 Steering gear..................................................................................... 32
6 Thruster foundation arrangement......................................................35
7 Resilient mount arrangement............................................................ 37
Changes – historic................................................................................................ 39
DNV AS
SECTION 1 GENERAL
Section 1
1 Objective
The objective of this guideline is to provide guidance and best practices for foundation and mounting of
machinery components.
2 Scope
The guideline provides acceptance criteria, calculation procedures and illustrations of acceptable
arrangements for foundation and mounting of machinery components.
3 Application
The guideline may be applied for all types of machinery and equipment.
DNV AS
SECTION 2 PRINCIPLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
Section 2
FOUNDATION AND MOUNTING
1 General requirements
1.1
For the design and construction of ships' supporting structure see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.6 [5].
1.2
Foundation and mounting should be arranged for easy access to the assembly and inspection openings for
maintenance activities.
1.3
Foundation should be carried out after completion of the process of alignment. Care should be taken that
the alignment of the individual plant components with respect to each other is not altered during the seating
activities. This is particularly of importance where alignment shall take into account the thermal expansion
under operational conditions and the dynamic behaviour of the plant components (coupling, gearbox, etc.).
Before seating, all welding procedures in the seating area should be finished.
1.4
The installation instructions of the manufacturers should be observed.
2 Rigid mounting
A rigid mounting is a direct connection of the machinery components to the ship's supporting structure using
rigid chocks.
The loads may be transferred to the supporting structure by combination of bolted connection, fitted bolts
and stoppers.
The chocks should be of homogenous material throughout.
Shims should not be used.
In order to ensure the fixing of the propulsion plant under all operating conditions, the individual plant
components should be effectively and permanently secured to the foundations in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions for installation.
Bolted joints should be used for securing the machinery unit to the ship's supporting structure, see App.A
[4].
2.1 Foundation bolts
Foundation bolts, both holding down bolts and fitted bolts, should be designed as headed bolts. Arrangement
should be such that checking of the bolt pre-load can be executed at any time. Required pretension of the
bolts should be specified in co-operation with the manufacturer of the machinery component.
Bolts with reduced shank diameter (necked-down bolts) should have a shank diameter less than the thread
root diameter but not less than 80% of the root diameter.
The nuts for the foundation bolts should be secured with locking nuts or equivalent.
To ensure good contact and even load distribution the surfaces of bolt heads, nuts, extension sleeves as well
as bedplate, chocks and top plate should be machined plane parallel.
DNV AS
In order to minimize the settling deflection the number of parting lines in the bolted connection should be as
Section 2
few as possible. If washers are used, they should be of rigid design and machined to have plane surfaces.
Collared washers should be arranged as shown on illustration in App.A Figure 17.
High pretension of bolts is desirable to have a connection with high capacity. At the same time, there shall be
remaining strength in the bolt to carry the additional loads generated by machinery and by external loads. A
pretension around 70% of yield strength is recommend as a balance between those considerations.
2.1.1 Foundation bolts - mounted on metal chocks
Bolts shall have elongation sufficient to maintain the pre-tension under all load variations and considering
the elasticity of components in the bolted connection. An elongation of 0,25 mm is recommended unless
otherwise is substantiated.
Fitted bolts may also take external loads, such as thrust forces, provided proper dimensioning of the fitted
bolts and acceptance by the manufacturer of the machinery unit.
2.1.2 Foundation bolts - mounted on cast resin chock
Foundation bolts should be designed as necked-down bolts.
Bolts shall have elongation sufficient to maintain the pretension under all load variations and considering the
elasticity of components in the bolted connection. Additional margin to compensate for the creep of resin
over time shall be added. Elongation may be calculated according to calculation example in Sec.3 [6]. The
maximum permissible limits of pressure on the resin shall be considered.
Fitted bolts may also take external loads, such as thrust forces, provided proper dimensioning of the fitted
bolts and acceptance by the manufacturer of the machinery unit.
2.2 Stoppers
Foundation arrangement should be provided with stoppers to transmit external loads such as thrust force.
Stoppers should be designed to withstand the maximum loads without taking into account the foundation
bolt pre-loading.
Fitted bolts may replace stoppers provided proper dimensioning of the fitted bolts and acceptance by the
manufacturer of the machinery unit.
Examples of stopper arrangements may be found in App.A
Chocks for front and side stoppers should be made from metallic materials. There should be metal-to-metal
contact on both sides and they should be secured against displacement.
Stopper chocks should be manufactured to a wedge or double wedge design.
The wedge-shaped chocks should be positioned without clearance with the machinery at its operating
thermal condition. The subsequent fixation is preferably to be ensured by welding up the wedges over the
entire wedge length, see App.A Figure 10, App.A Figure 11 and App.A Figure 12.
2.3 Metal chocks
Metal chocks should preferably to be manufactured from steel, including cast steel. The use of grey iron may
be accepted. To enable satisfactory adjusting of the chocks, the top plates of the supporting structure should
be machined to have a plane surface.
Multi-layer chocks should be avoided.
Cut-outs in chocks should not amount to more than 20% of the total surface area.
Chocks shall be machined to have parallel load-bearing surfaces. The load-bearing area of the chock should
amount to at least 75%.
Tack welds are not permitted on chocks.
DNV AS
Section 2
2.4 Cast resin chocks
The cast resin compounds shall be type approved. Boundary conditions for the resin and the process shall
be complied with. Additional surface pressure on chock due to internal or external generated tilting moment
shall be considered. Cast resin chock have limited ability to transfer shear forces. Arrangements with cast
resin chocks should therefore include stoppers or fitted bolts.
As far as possible it should be arranged with two foundation bolts in each cast resin chock.
The height of a cast resin chock should be between 20 mm and 50 mm. Lower or greater chock heights
may be acceptable dependent on special considerations and resin manufacturers acceptance. Under no
circumstances should the height of the chock exceed the width or length of the chock.
Attention shall be paid to the cleanliness of surfaces prior to casting as well as casting procedure and plan in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions and approved drawing.
Cast resin chocks should only be placed under load after the casting compound has achieved the required
minimum hardness. This should be verified by means of a hardness test.
3 Resilient mounting
3.1 General
A resilient mounting is a connection of a component to the ship's supporting structure using elastic mounting
components.
Resilient mounts shall be type approved.
The alignment and adjustment of elastic coupling and mounts should be done after the mounts have settled.
A settling period of one week may be applied unless otherwise is advised by manufacturer.
3.2 Function
The resilient mounting of high speed and medium speed diesel engines is primarily used in order to reduce
the transmission of vibrations and structure-borne sound into the ship's hull. The desired insulation effect
can, however, only be achieved if the natural frequencies of the resilient mounting are sufficiently separated
from the excitation frequencies. Arrangements of generator and driver rigidly connected to a common frame
which are resiliently mounted, see illustration in App.A Figure 23, will normally have a relatively high mass
and consequently the natural frequencies will be relatively low compared to the excitation frequencies. For
other arrangements an investigation of excitation frequencies versus natural frequencies should be made as
part of the design process.
The resilient mounting shall support the machinery and loads without exceeding the deflections permissible
for the mounts, elastic coupling or connectors.
3.3 Ageing
In the design of a resilient mounting account shall be taken of the ageing and natural wear of the mounting
components.
3.4 Arrangement
Resilient mounts should be arranged with even load distributions and deflections of the mounts. Uneven
loading of mounts to compensate for tilting due to operation loads may be accepted provided this is
accounted for in the design of the arrangement.
Arrangements should have stoppers, either internal or external.
DNV AS
Connectors such as flexible hoses, pipes and exhaust pipe compensators should be arranged to allow
Section 2
maximum engine movements. Flexible hoses should be kept as short as possible and preferably be installed
in the length-wise direction of the plant and with a small amount of slack, see also guidance in App.A Figure
24.
DNV AS
SECTION 3 BASIC CALCULATIONS
Section 3
1 General
1.1 Introduction
The following basic calculations are mainly valid for cast resin chocks, but they may be applied to other types
of mountings, such as metal chocks.
1.2 Definitions, symbols and units
2
Ae = effective total mating surface of cast resin chocks [mm ]
2
Am = required minimum mating surface of cast resin chocks [mm ]
2
Ap = effective piston area of hydraulic tension device [mm ]
Abolt = area of bolt shank. Alternative: area of compressed area when calculation stiffness of
2
compressed parts [mm ]
Cbolt = stiffness of bolt (tensioned part of foundation) [N/mm]
Ccompressed parts = stiffness of compressed parts in foundation [N/mm]
Dlanding = diameter of landing surface for bolt head, nut or washer [mm]
Dhole = diameter of bolt hole in foundation [mm]
Dm = minimum shank diameter of foundation bolt [mm]
Do = outer diameter of thread of foundation [mm]
Dr = thread root diameter of foundation bolt [mm]
Ds = shank diameter of foundation bolt [mm]
Ds1 ... Dsi = individual shank diameters of foundation bolt corresponding to L1 ... Li [mm]
Fo = axial bolt force exerted on each bolt under operational loading conditions [N]
Fp = pre-loading force exerted on each bolt by tightening [N]
k = hydraulic coefficient for setting and resilience behaviour [–]
kbolt = bolt factor [-]
l = length of tensioned area of bolt, or thickness of compressed chock [mm]
∆L = theoretical elongation of foundation bolt [mm]
∆Lm = required minimum theoretical elongation of foundation bolt [mm]
L1 …. Li = individual part shank lengths of foundation bolt corresponding to Ds1 ... Dsi [mm]
n = number of foundation bolts [–]
2
pa = approved surface pressure [N/mm ]
ph = hydraulic pressure for hydraulic tension device [bar]
pt = total surface pressure exerted on the chocks caused by weight of plant component and
2
bolt pre-loading force [N/mm ]
pw = total surface pressure exerted on the chocks caused by weight of plant component [N/
2
mm ]
P = pitch of bolt thread [mm]
2
ReH = minimum yield strength of bolt material [N/mm ]
T = tightening torque of foundation bolt [Nm]
W = weight of serviceable plant component [N]
2
σe = equivalent stress (tensile stress combined with torsional stress) [N/mm ]
DNV AS
2
σt = tensile stress [N/mm ].
Section 3
2 Calculation of the required minimum mating surface of cast resin
chocks
2
Am =(W/pw) [mm ]
Boundary conditions:
2
pw ≤ 0.7 [N/mm ]
2
Am ≤ Ae [mm ]
3 Calculation of preloading force exerted on one foundation bolt by
tightening
Fp = {(pt – pw) · Ae}/n [N]
2
pt ≤ pa [N/mm ]
Fp > Fo [N]
4 Calculation of tightening torque of foundation bolt if using a
torque wrench
T = (Fp · Do)/5000 [Nm]
— the calculation is valid for steel foundation bolts with usual standard thread and oil-lubricated thread
courses and nut mating surfaces without slide additives, such as molybdendsulfid (Mo S2), being used.
— If such additives are used, the pre-loading forces actually applied shall be proved by measurements.
5 Calculation of hydraulic pressure if using hydraulic tension device
[bar]
— k = 0.85
— if hydraulic coefficients k shall be used which deviate from the given one the preloading forces actually
applied shall be proved to the Society by measurements.
6 Calculation of bolt elongation on basis of pre-loading force
[mm]
∆L ≥ ∆Lm
— cast resin chocks
2
∆Lm = 0.0343 · pt [mm] for pt ≥ 3.5 [N/mm ]
2
∆Lm = 0.12 [mm] for pt < 3.5 [N/mm ]
DNV AS

Section 3

— metal chocks
∆Lm = 0.25 [mm]
7 Alternative to required elongation
The below method may be applied as alternative to the defined minimum bolt elongation. The method is
considering the elastic response of foundation to load.
To maintain pre-tensioning in the foundation arrangement the pre-tension of bolt shall be sufficient to avoid
that additional dynamic loads will not unload the compressed parts.
At the same time the total load in bolt shall not exceed the yield strength of bolt.
A safety factor of 1,5 should be applied to the dynamic load.

Figure 1 Bolt diagram
7.1 Required pre-stress
(1)
Safety factor, S=1,5.
7.1.1 Calculation of bolt factor
Bolt factor kbolt is expressing proportionally how much of an added load will increase the load in the bolt.
(2)
DNV AS
7.1.2 Calculation of stiffness
Section 3
(3)
(4)
The stiffness of the individual compressed parts may be calculated by the same formula for stiffness of bolt,
replacing the index. The length (l) in Equation (3) and Equation (5) shall then be replaced by the relevant
thickness. For resin chock the area may be taken as the surface area of the resin chock. For steel chock as
well as for the bedplate and top plate the compressed area is limited to:
(5)

Figure 2 Illustration tensioned and compressed parts and landing diameter
DNV AS
Section 3
8 Calculation of equivalent and/or tensile stress related to the
minimum shank diameter of foundation bolt on basis of pre-loading
force
8.1 Tightening of bolts by torque wrench
8.1.1 Bolt with non-reduced shank diameter (Dm = Dr)
2
[N/mm ]
Boundary condition:
2
σe ≤ 0.9 ReH [N/mm ]
8.1.2 Necked-down bolt with reduced shank (0.8 Dr ≤ Dm < 1.0 Dr)
2
[N/mm ]
Boundary condition:
2
σe ≤ 0.9 ReH [N/mm ]
8.2 Tightening of bolts by hydraulic tension device
2
[N/mm ]
Boundary condition:
2
σt ≤ 0.8 ReH [N/mm ] for k = 0.85
9 Calculation of tensile stress related to thread root diameter of
foundation bolt on basis of preloading force
2
[N/mm ]
9.1 Criterion for locking of nuts
Locking of nuts is required under the following condition:
2
σt < 150 [N/mm ]
For low-speed engines:
2
σt < 100 [N/mm ]
DNV AS
APPENDIX A EXAMPLES FOR FOUNDATIONS
Appendix A
1 Foundation bolts

Figure 1 Foundation bolt - holding down bolt
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 2 Foundation bolt - fitted bolt
DNV AS
Appendix A
2 Engine foundation arrangements

Figure 3 Effective mating surface of cast resin chocks for a diesel engine
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 4 Illustration of method of locating engine on seating using fitted bolts and side stoppers
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 5 Illustration of method of locating engine on seating using side stoppers and fitted bolts
located at one engine side
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 6 Illustration of method of locating engine on seating using side stoppers and fitted bolts
located at one side and in the middle of the engine
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 7 Illustration of method of locating engine on seating using front and side stoppers
DNV AS
Appendix A
3 Propulsion plant arrangement

Figure 8 Illustration of method of locating propulsion plant with main engine and separate gear
box
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 9 Illustration of method of locating propulsion plant with main engine and close-coupled
gear box
DNV AS
Appendix A
4 Rigid mounting - details

Figure 10 Illustration of a side stopper when mounting on metal chocks
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 11 Illustration of a side stopper when mounting on cast resin chocks
DNV AS

Appendix A
Figure 12 Illustration of a front stopper with bolted connection and metal chock
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Appendix A

Figure 13 Illustration of a through bolt connection when mounting on metal chocks
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 14 Illustration of a fitted bolt connection when mounting on metal chocks
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 15 Illustration of a necked-down bolt connection when mounting on cast resin chocks
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 16 Illustration of a fitted necked-down bolt connection when mounting on cast resin
chocks
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 17 Illustration of a necked-down bolt connection with fitted sleeve when mounting on cast
resin chocks
DNV AS
Appendix A
5 Steering gear

Figure 18 Principal arrangement for the fixing of a steering gear with double acting cylinders -
linked cylinder
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 19 Principal arrangement for the fixing of a steering gear with single acting cylinders - ram
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 20 Principal arrangement for the fixing of a steering gear - rotary vane
DNV AS
Appendix A
6 Thruster foundation arrangement

Figure 21 Principal arrangement for foundation of thruster - mounted on steel chock
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Appendix A

Figure 22 Principal arrangement for foundation of thruster - mounted on cast resin chock
DNV AS
Appendix A
7 Resilient mount arrangement

Figure 23 Common frame - generator and engine mounted on common frame - frame resiliently
mounted
DNV AS

Appendix A

Figure 24 Recommendation for arrangement of flexible hose in resilient mounting
DNV AS
CHANGES – HISTORIC
Changes – historic
July 2019 edition
Changes July 2019
Topic Reference Description
Guidance for foundation Sec.1 To clarify Society's scope for foundation of rotating machinery

and mounting of rotating the mandatory technical requirements and documentation
machinery. requirements has been moved to Pt.4 Ch.2 Sec.6. Remaining
content in the class guideline is general guidance for
foundation.
Sec.1 [3] Deleted paragraph stating that class guideline is mandatory
as stated in Pt.4 Ch.2 Sec.1[6] The class guideline should be
considered informative guidance in addition to applicable rule
requirements.
Sec.2 [1] The content of class guideline has been restructured to
make it easier to read. Wording of text has been changed to
Sec.2 [2] better convey its purpose as a general guidance for design of
Sec.2 [3] foundation. It is describing the function of individual foundation
elements, recommending design criteria's and factors to be
considered.
Sec.3 [2] Corrected error in formula.
Sec.3 [7] Added alternative method to the prescribed minimum
elongation of bolts.
App.A Restructured to categorize the illustrations based on topics.
Added illustration of thruster foundation, resilient mounted
common frame and arrangement of flexible hoses.
December 2015 edition
This is a new document.
DNV AS
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DNV CG 0372

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This copy of the document is intended for use by David Hever Nuñez Ynjante only. Downloaded 2022-12-21.

No further distribution shall be made.

Topic Reference Description

Rebranding to DNV All This document has been revised due to the rebranding of DNV

Section 3 Basic calculations.................................................................................. 10

Guidance for foundation Sec.1 To clarify Society's scope for foundation of rotating machinery

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