Renewable Energy is from the sources that are constantly being formed and doesn’t runout and

constantly replaced.

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of technologies

such as solar power to generate electricity.

It is an essential source of renewable energy, and its technologies are broadly characterized as
either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or
convert it into solar power.

Wind is used to produce electricity by converting the kinetic energy of air in motion into electricity.
In modern wind turbines, wind rotates the rotor blades, which convert kinetic energy into rotational
energy. This rotational energy is transferred by a shaft which to the generator, thereby producing
electrical energy.

Hydropower, or hydroenergy, is a form of renewable energy that uses the water stored in dams, as
well as flowing in rivers to create electricity in hydropower plants. Water gains potential energy just
before it spills over the top of a dam or flows down a hill. The potential energy is converted into
kinetic energy as water flows downhill. The water can be used to turn the blades of a turbine to
generate electricity.

Biomass energy is energy generated or produced by living or once-living organisms. The most
common biomass materials used for energy are plants, such as corn and soy, above. The energy
from these organisms can be burned to create heat or converted into electricity.

Geothermal energy is heat within the earth. The word geothermal comes from the Greek words geo
(earth) and therme (heat). Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because heat is
continuously produced inside the earth. Geothermal power plants use steam to produce electricity.
The steam comes from reservoirs of hot water found a few miles or more below the earth's surface.
The steam rotates a turbine that activates a generator, which produces electricity.

Slide: 5

(1) Higher Infrastructure cost: The biggest challenge is to compete with the Non-renewable
energy cost. Certainly, Non-renewable energy cost is much lesser than the renewable as
infrastructure cost is pretty high. This would impact the financial stability of the distribution
centers. Consumer mayn’t care for the type of energy he receives. For him, the cost of
energy bills matters.

(2) Grid issues: There is no proper infrastructure/mechanism to connect individual household

generated solar energy to the Grid.

(3) Power system integration challenges: There are lot of disparities in the distribution of
renewable energy generation among the Indian states and renewable rich states have a
higher share of variable renewable energy which resulted system integration challenges.
Integration challenges include irregularity in hourly demand, limited frequency variations
and local voltage issues.

(4) Resources: Lack of availability of skilled resources is one of the biggest challenges that the
renewable energy sector is facing in India.
(5) Delayed regulatory and policy frameworks: Policy making organizations are not up to speed
with the industry needs. Penetration of the policies within the government organizations are
very slow and time consuming.