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    The transition state theory proposes that during a reaction between reactant molecules, the reactants first form an unstable intermediate called the "activated complex" or "transition state." This transition state has a higher energy than the reactants. It then decomposes to form the products. The theory assumes the reaction rate is determined by the concentration of molecules with enough energy to reach the transition state, not by the collision rate itself. It provides a quantitative explanation for how factors like temperature, catalysts and molecular structure influence reaction rates.

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    Lecture-5

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    The transition state theory proposes that during a reaction between reactant molecules, the reactants first form an unstable intermediate called the "activated complex" or "transition state." This transition state has a higher energy than the reactants. It then decomposes to form the products. The theory assumes the reaction rate is determined by the concentration of molecules with enough energy to reach the transition state, not by the collision rate itself. It provides a quantitative explanation for how factors like temperature, catalysts and molecular structure influence reaction rates.

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    7 views8 pages

    Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Kaushik. Raj
    The transition state theory proposes that during a reaction between reactant molecules, the reactants first form an unstable intermediate called the "activated complex" or "transition state." This transition state has a higher energy than the reactants. It then decomposes to form the products. The theory assumes the reaction rate is determined by the concentration of molecules with enough energy to reach the transition state, not by the collision rate itself. It provides a quantitative explanation for how factors like temperature, catalysts and molecular structure influence reaction rates.

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    of 8

    Part-II

    By-
    Dr. Sudhir Kumar Gupta
    (PhD-IIT Roorkee)
    1
    2) Transition State Theory:
    The transition state or Activated complex theory was developed by Henry
    Erying (1935). This theory is also called the Absolute rate theory.
    The transition state theory assumes that simply a collision between the reactant molecules
    does not really cause a reaction. During the collision, the reactant molecules form a
    transition state or activated complex which decomposes to give the products. The double
    dagger superscript (≠) is used to identify the activated complex
    (a)
    ≠

    (b)

    Fig.(a)- Formation of the product via the formation of Fig.(b)- Significance of activation energy.
    an activated complex or transition state. 14
    The transition state theory may be summarized as follows :
    (1) In a collision, the fast-approaching reactant molecules (A and BC) slow down
    due to gradual repulsion between their electron clouds. In the process, the kinetic
    energy of the two molecules is converted into potential energy.
    (2) As the molecules come close, the interpenetration of their electron clouds
    occurs which allows the rearrangement of valence electrons.
    (3) A partial bond is formed between the atoms A and B with the corresponding
    weakening of B – C bond. This leads to the formation of an activated complex or
    transition state. The activated complex is momentary and decomposes to give the
    products (A–B + C)
    (a)

    Fig.- General energy profile diagram for a


    reaction (exothermic and endo-thermic).

    (b)

    Fig.- Graphical explanation of effect of


    catalyst on activation energy.

    15
    In order to study the kinetics and mechanism of complex reaction we use two
    approximations:
    8

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