02 RateRatioAndVariations Main E

All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 2 Rate, Ratio and Variations
Chapter 2 Rate, Ratio and Variations

Useful Tools
Key Concepts
Calculator Programs
2A Rate and Ratio

Conventional Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006  HKDSE 2018)
Extra EYA or Section B Questions
MC Questions
2B Variations
MC Questions
© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 1

Useful Tools
Key Concepts
Direct Variations
1. y varies directly as x if y = kx for a non-zero constant k.
2. Symbolically, we write y  x. We also say that y is directly proportional to x.
Inverse Variations
k
1. y varies inversely as x if xy = k or y  for a non-zero constant k.
x
1
2. Symbolically, we write y  . We also say that y is inversely proportional to x.
x
Joint Variations
1. In a joint variation, a variable varies as the product or quotient of two or more variables.
2. If z varies jointly as x and y, then z = kxy.
kx
3. If z varies directly as x and inversely as y 2 , then z  2 .
y
Partial Variations
1. In a partial variation, a variable is the sum of two or more parts. Each part may be a constant or
varies as some variables.
2. If y is partly constant and partly varies directly as x, then y  k1  k 2 x , where k1  0 and
k2  0 .

Calculator Programs
Inputting and Executing Program Editing Program
Deleting Program Inputting Commands

2A Rate and Ratio

1. The figure shows the graph for David driving from town A to town E (via town B, town C and
town D) in the afternoon. The journey is divided into four parts: Part I (from A to B), Part II
(from B to C), Part III (from C to D) and Part IV (from D to E).
(a) For which part of the journey is the average speed the highest? Explain your answer.
(b) If the average speed for Part III is 80 km/h, when is David at D?
(c) Find the average speed for David driving from A to E in m/s.
Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Sample Paper Paper 1 Q12
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2. The figure shows the graphs for Ken and Jenny running on the same straight road between
town A and town B during the period 21:00 to 22:30. Ken runs at a constant speed. It is given
that town A and town B are 10 km apart.
22:00
(a) How long does Jenny rest during the period?

(b) How far from town B do Ken and Jenny meet during the period?
(c) Use average speed during the period to determine who runs faster. Explain your answer.
Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Practice Paper Paper 1 Q12
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3. City A and city B are 150 km apart. The figure shows the graphs for bus X and bus Y travelling
on the same straight road between city A and city B during the period 10:30 to 13:30. Bus X
travels at a constant speed during the period. Bus Y comes to rest at 11:00 in the morning.
10:30
(a) Find the distance of bus X from city A at 11:00 in the morning.
(b) At what time after 10:30 do bus X and bus Y first meet?
(c) The driver of bus X claims that the average speed of bus X is higher than that of bus Y
during the period 11:00 to 13:30. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2014 Paper 1 Q10
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4. A bus travels from town A to town B at an average speed of 40 km/h and then the bus travels
from town B to town C at an average speed of 1 km per minute. It is given that the bus travels
54 km in one hour for the whole journey. How long does the bus take to travel from town B to
town C?
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5. Alan ran 10 km in 50 minutes while Ben ran 22 km in 2 hour. Ben claims that he ran faster
than Alan. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
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6. The scale of a map is 1 : 500 000. The distance between town A and town B on the map is
6.4 cm. Someone claims that the actual distance between the two towns is greater than 30 km.
Is the claim correct? Explain your answer.
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7. The following table shows the costs of 5 types of drinks.

Orange Grapefruit Grape Carbonated
Drink Lemonade
juice juice juice water
Cost ($/L) 15 28 20 17 12
Amy mixes the 5 types of drinks with 1L each to make a new drink.
(a) Find the cost of the new drink per 250 mL.
(b) The cost per litre of orange juice is decreased by $13 and that of carbonated water is
increased by $3. If the volumes of the 5 types of drinks to be mixed remain unchanged,
write down the change in the cost of the new drink per 250 mL.
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8. Town X and town Y are 20 km apart. The figure shows the graphs for Andy and Betty running
on the same straight road between the two towns during the period 13:30 to 16:30. Andy runs
at a constant speed during the period 14:00 to 16:30.
Y 20
Distance from town X (km)

Andy
Betty
X 0
13:30 14:00 14:30 16:30
Time
(a) Find the distance of Andy from town X at 14:30.

(b) At what time after 14:00 do Andy and Betty meet?
(c) Andy claims that his average speed is higher than that of Betty during the period 14:30 to
16:30. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
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MC Questions
9. Let a, b and c be non-zero numbers. If a : b = 2 : 5 and b : c = 4 : 3, then (a + c) : (b + c) =
A. 4 : 5.
B. 5 : 4.
C. 23 : 35.
D. 35 : 23.
Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q13
10. The scale of a map is 1 : 4500. If the area of a land on the map is 20 cm2, then the actual area
of the land is
A. 900 m2.
B. 40 500 m2.
C. 90 000 m2.
D. 4 050 000 m2.
11. Let x and y be non-zero numbers. If 7x + 4y = 5x + 9y, then x : y =

A. 1 : 2.
B. 2 : 5.
C. 2 : 1.
D. 5 : 2.
12. The costs of tea of brand X and tea of brand Y are $20/kg and $12/kg respectively. If a kg of
tea of brand X and b kg of tea of brand Y are mixed so that the cost of the mixture is $18/kg,
find a : b.
A. 1 : 3
B. 3 : 1
C. 3 : 5
D. 5 : 3
13. The scale of a map is 1 : 3000. If the area of a park on the map is 9 cm2, then the actual area of
the park is
A. 81 m2.
B. 270 m2.
C. 8100 m2.
D. 27 000 m2.
14. If rice of brand X costs $70/kg and rice of brand Y costs $50/kg, then a mixture of 3 kg of rice
of brand X and 7 kg of rice of brand Y costs
A. $52/kg.
B. $56/kg.
C. $60/kg.
D. $65/kg.

3h  k
15. Let h and k be non-zero numbers. If  2 , then h : k =
h  4k
A. 1 : 9.
B. 2 : 3.
C. 9 : 1.
D. 3 : 2.
16. If a, b and c are non-zero numbers such that 4a = 7b and 3a = 2c, then (2a – c) : (a + b) =
A. 2 : 3.
B. 4 : 7.
C. 7 : 11.
D. 7 : 22.
17. Let a and b be non-zero constants. If (3a + b) : (5a  b) = 3 : 2, then a : b =

A. 2 : 3.
B. 5 : 9.
C. 3 : 2.
D. 9 : 5.
7a  8b
18. If a and b are non-zero numbers such that  6 , then a : b =
2b  a
A. 4 : 9.
B. 4 : 13.
C. 9 : 4.
D. 13 : 4.
19. Ben cycles for 5 hours. His average cycling speeds for the first 2 hours and the last 3 hours are
6 m/s and 5 m/s respectively. Find his average cycling speed for 5 hours.
A. 4.8 m/s
B. 5.4 m/s
C. 5.5 m/s
D. 5.6 m/s
20. The actual area of a garden is 1800 m2. If the area of the garden on a map is 72 cm2, then the
scale of the map is
A. 1 : 25.
B. 1 : 50.
C. 1 : 500.
D. 1 : 250 000.

5 7 8
21. It is given that   , where x, y and z are positive numbers. Which of the following
7 x 8 y 11z
is true?
A. x  y  z
B. x  z  y
C. y  z  x
D. z  x  y
22. Let a, b and c be non-zero numbers. If a : b = 2 : 3 and a : c = 3 : 4, then a : (b + c) =

A. 2 : 7.
B. 6: 17.
C. 5 : 14.
D. 3 : 7.
23. If x and y are non-zero numbers such that (x + 3y) : (7y – 2x) = 8 : 5, then x : y =
A. 11: 18.
B. 17 : 14.
C. 31 : 51.
D. 41 : 21.
24. The cost of baking soda of brand P is $52/g. If 400 g of baking soda of brand P and 100 g of
baking soda of brand Q are mixed so that the cost of the mixture is $48/g, find the cost of
baking soda of brand Q.
A. $30/g
B. $32/g
C. $47/g
D. $50/g
25. The scale of a map is 1 : 25 000. If the actual area of a playground is 3.8  105 m2, then the area
of the playground on the map is
A. 0.164 cm2.
B. 6.08 cm2.
C. 15.2 cm2.
D. 231 cm2.

xz
26. Let x, y and z be non-zero numbers. If 5x  2y and x: z  3: 4, then 
yx
2
A. .
3
14
B. .
9
7
C. .
6
7
D. .
3

2B Variations
1. The cost of a cable of length y m is $C. It is given that C is the sum of two parts, one part
varies as y and the other part varies as y2. When y = 1, C = 5; when y = 12, C = 324.
(a) Express C in terms of y.
(b) If the cost of a cable is $170, find its length.
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2. In a factory, the production cost of a table of perimeter x meters is $C. It is given that C is the
sum of two parts, one part varies as x and the other part varies as the square of x. When x = 7,
C = 77; when x = 12, C = 192.
(a) Find the production cost of a table of perimeter 10 metres.
(b) If the production cost of a table is $32, find the perimeter of the table.
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3. Let $C be the cost of manufacturing a cubical wooden box of side k cm. It is given that C is
partly constant and partly varies as the square of k. When k = 2, C = 15; when k = 8, C = 135.
(a) Find the cost of manufacturing a cubical wooden box of side 13 cm.
(b) If the cost of manufacturing a cubical wooden box is $119.5, find the length of a side of
the box.
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4. Let $C be the cost of making a banner of surface area A m2. It is given that C is the sum of two
parts, one part is a constant and the other part varies as A. When A = 2, C = 34; when A = 10,
C = 74.
(a) Find the cost making a banner of surface area 15 m2.
(b) There is a larger banner which is similar to the banner described in (a). If the perimeter of
the larger banner is 4 times that of the banner described in (a), find the cost of making the
larger banner.
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5. Let $C be the cost of painting a metal ball of surface area A cm2. It is given that C is the sum of
two parts, one part is a constant and the other part varies as A2. When A = 100, C = 175; when
A = 200, C = 550.
(a) Find the cost of painting a metal ball surface area 300 cm2.
(b) There is a smaller metal ball which is similar to the metal ball describe in (a). If the
1
volume of the smaller metal ball is that of the metal ball describe in (a), find the cost
125
of painting the smaller metal ball.
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6. The weight of a model of height h m is W kg. It is given that W is the sum of two parts, one
part varies directly as h and the other part varies directly as h2. When h = 3, W = 111; when
h = 4, W = 164.
(a) Find the weight of a model of height 5.5 m.
(b) If the weight of a model is 150 kg, find the height of the model.
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7. The profit of a restaurant in a day is $P. It is given that P is a sum of two parts, one part is a
constant and the other part varies as n, where n is the number of customers in that day. When
n = 250, P = 750; when n = 400, P = 6000.
(a) Find the profit of that restaurant when there are 500 customers in that day.
(b) The owner of the restaurant claims that it is impossible to have a profit of $0 in any day.
Do you agree? Explain your answer.
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8. It is given that f (x) is the sum of two parts, one part varies as x2 and the other part varies as x4.
Suppose that f (4) = 208 and f (1) = 28.
(a) Find f (x).
(b) Solve f (x) = 100.
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9. It is given that P varies inversely as y2. When y = 6, P = 6.

(a) Express P in terms of y.
(b) If the value of y is decreased from 6 to 3, find the change in the value of P.
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10. It is given that y varies directly as (2x  1) and y = 6 when x = 2.
(a) Express y in terms of x.
(b) If the value of x is increased by 5, write down the change in the value of y.
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11. The monthly income $C of Ben varies directly as the number of products N sold by him in that
month. The monthly income of Ben is $15 000 when the number of products sold by him in
that month is 250.
(a) Express C in terms of N.
(b) If the number of products sold by him is decreased by 50, write down the change in the
monthly income.
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12. The fare $F of transport A is partly constant and partly varies directly as the distance x km.
The fares are $86 and $56 when the distances are 55 km and 30 km respectively.
(a) Express F in terms of x.
(b) The fare of transport B only varies directly as the distance. The fare is $1.5/km. Joe travels
80 km to a theme park. Should he take transport A or B in order to save money? Explain
your answer.
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13. The total cost $C of producing n computers is partly constant and partly varies inversely as the
square root of n. When n = 64, C = 66 000; when n = 100, C = 64 800.
(a) Find the total cost of producing 400 computers.
(b) Is it possible to produce a certain number of computers such that the total cost is less than
$60 000? Explain your answer.
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14. The taxi fare is $F when the taxi travels x km. It is given that F is the sum of two parts, one
part is a constant and the other part varies directly as (x – 2). When x = 4, F = 30; when x = 10,
F = 45.
(a) Express F in terms of x.
(b) If the travelled distance is increased by 5 km, write down the change in the taxi fare.
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15. When other conditions remain the same, the production N of a device of a company depends on
the amount of time, t days and the manpower x units invested by the company. It is proposed
that the production N of the device of the company can be calculated as follows:
N = 30 000 + M,
where M consists of two parts with one part varying jointly as x and t, and the other part
varying as the square of t. It is known that N = 41 500 when t = 50 and x = 80; and N = 31 800
when t = 60 and x = 55.
(a) Express N in terms of t and x.
(b) (i) Find the value of N when the company has 85 days and 92 units of manpower
available.
(ii) When the manpower is 75 units, is it possible to achieve the same value of N in (b)(i)
by changing the amount of time? Explain your answer.
(c) Suppose the manpower is 100 units. Using the method of completing the square, find the
amount of time needed in order to achieve the greatest production of the device of the
company.
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16. The cost of a vase of volume V cm3 is $C. It is given that C is the sum of two parts, one part
varies directly as V while the other part varies directly as V2 and inversely as n, where n is the
number of vases produced. When V = 10 and n = 200, C = 65; when V = 50 and n = 500,
C = 450.
(a) Express C in terms of V and n.
(b) The selling price of a vase of volume V cm3 is $14V and the profit in selling the vase is
$P.
(i) Express P in terms of V and n.
(ii) Suppose P : n = 1 : 2. Find V : n.
(iii) Suppose n = 200. Can a profit of $300 be made in selling a vase? Explain your
answer.
(iv) Suppose n = 500. Using the method of completing square, find the greatest profit in
selling a vase.
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17. The cost of producing a bottle of juice of volume V L is $c. It is given that c is the sum of two
parts, one part varies directly as V while the other part varies directly as V2 and inversely as n,
where n is the number of bottles of juice produced. When V  1 and n  30, c  20; when V  2
and n  40, c  44.
(a) Express c in terms of V and n.
(b) The selling price of a bottle of juice of volume V L is $24V and the profit in selling a
bottle of juice is $P.
(i) Express P in terms of V and n.
(ii) Suppose P : n  2 : 15. Find V : n.
(iii) Suppose n  40. A worker claims that a profit of $5 can be made in selling a bottle of
juice. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(iv) Suppose n  60. Use the method of completing the square, find the greatest profit in
selling a bottle of juice.
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MC Questions
18. It is given that y varies directly as x2 and inversely as z. If x is decreased by 20% and z is
increased by 60%, then y is decreased by
A. 40%.
B. 60%.
C. 75%.
D. 80%.
19. It is given that x is partly constant and partly varies directly as y. When y = 1, x = 9; when y = 4,
x = 12. Find the value of y when x = 5.
A. –6
B. –3
C. 1
D. 6
20. It is given that x is partly constant and partly varies inversely as y. When y = –1, x = –1; when
y = 3, x = 7. Find the value of x when y = 6.
A. –6
B. 1
C. 2
D. 6
21. It is given that z varies directly as x and inversely as y. If x is increased by 20% and y is
decreased by 20%, then z
A. is increased by 40%.
B. is increased by 50%.
C. is decreased by 25%.
D. is decreased by 60%.
22. It is given that a varies directly as b3 and inversely as c. When b = 2 and c = 8, a = 2. When
a = –16 and c = 27, b =
A. –6.
B. –2.
C. 4.
D. 11.

23. If z varies directly as the cube of y and varies inversely as the square of x, which of the
following must be constant?
A. x3y2z
B. x2yz3
x3
C.
y2z
x2z
D.
y3
24. It is given that k partly varies directly as h and partly varies inversely as h2. When h = 1, k = 8;
when h = 0.5, k = 11. When h = –1, k =
A. –4.
B. –2.
C. 4.
D. 6.
25. It is given that z varies directly as y and inversely as x2. If x is decreased by 20% and z is
increased by 87.5%, then y
A. is increased by 20%.
B. is increased by 44%.
26. If z varies directly as x and inversely as the square of y, which of the following must be
constant?
A. xy2z
B. x2yz
x
C.
y2z
x2
D.
yz
27. It is given that x varies as y2 and z . When y = 6 and z = 16, x = 36. When x = 36 and y = 4,
z=
A. 24.
B. 81.
C. 648.
D. 5184.

28. It is given that z varies directly as x2 and inversely as y . If x is decreased 40% and y is
increased by 44%, then z =
A. is decreased by 13.6%.
B. is decreased by 56.8%.
29. It is given that y is the sum of two parts, one part is a constant and the other part varies as
x .When x = 1, y = 1. When x = 16, y = 5. If y = 15, then x =
A. 3.
B. 9.
C. 36.
D. 81.
30. If z varies directly as the cube of x and inversely as the square root of y, which of the following
must be constant?
x6 y
A.
z2
x3
B.
y2 z
C. x 6 yz 2
x6
D.
yz 2

02 RateRatioAndVariations Main E

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All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 2 Rate, Ratio and Variations

Chapter 2 Rate, Ratio and Variations

2A Rate and Ratio

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Inputting and Executing Program Editing Program

Deleting Program Inputting Commands

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2A Rate and Ratio

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(a) How long does Jenny rest during the period?

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Extra EYA or Section B Questions

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7. The following table shows the costs of 5 types of drinks.

Distance from town X (km)

(a) Find the distance of Andy from town X at 14:30.

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11. Let x and y be non-zero numbers. If 7x + 4y = 5x + 9y, then x : y =

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17. Let a and b be non-zero constants. If (3a + b) : (5a  b) = 3 : 2, then a : b =

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22. Let a, b and c be non-zero numbers. If a : b = 2 : 3 and a : c = 3 : 4, then a : (b + c) =

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9. It is given that P varies inversely as y2. When y = 6, P = 6.

Extra EYA or Section B Questions

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