FINAL EXAM IN STATISTICS

1. Observe the frequency distribution in Box A and answer question items 1.1 to 1.5 (Two points
for every correct answer.)

BOX A
Emergency Loan Data Distribution of Teachers in Private Schools (Php)

Class Interval Number of Loan

O and under 2,000 1
2,000 and under 4,000 12
4,000 and under 6,000 15
6,000 and under 8,000 18
8,000 and under 10,000 20
10,000 and under 12,000 10
12,000 and under 14,000 4
14,000 and under 16,000 3
16,000 and under 18,000 1
18,000 up to 20,000 1

1.1. How many loans are represented in the distribution? ______________________

1.2. What is the size of the interval? ______________________
1.3. What is the modal class? ______________________
1.4. What is the (real) lower limit of the class containing the median? ______________________
1.5. What is the class in which the median observation falls? ______________________

2. Using the same frequency distribution in BOX A answer questions 2. 1 to 2.3

2.1. By observation of the number of loans per class, what skewness is depicted, positive
skewness (or skewed to the right) or negative skewness (or skewed to the left)? (2 pts)
Roughly draw a frequency polygon to illustrate the skewness (3 pts).
2.2. Roughly determine the location of the mean, median and mode in relation to each other. (2
pts)
2.3. From your observation of the emergency loan distribution what implication may be drawn?
(3 pts)

3. Consider the following hypothetical data for the percentage of pregnancy among 18-year old
and younger among teenagers in four regions in Luzon and answer questions 3.1. to 3.3

Region Percentage of pregnancy No. of 18 year old or

younger
A 5 10,200
B 10 50,500
C 7 12,010
D 8 30,400
3.1 How will you compute for the unweighted average of the percentage of teenage pregnancy
in the regions? (2 pts.) ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
 3.2. Which region has the greatest absolute number of pregnant teenagers?______; the least
number? _____ (2 pts.)

3.3. How will you find the weighted average? (2pts. ) ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Will the unweighted average and weighted average yield the same result? (1 pt) __________

3.4. Which of the two would be a more accurate computation of average of the percentage
teenage pregnancy for all regions? Why? (3 pts) ____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

4. What kind of frequency polygon is generated when the mean, median and mode are equal in
value? (1 pt) _________________________________________________________________

5. Consider the following dummy table and answer question items 5.1 to 5.3.

Male Female Total

Blue collar
employment
White collar
employment
Total

5.1. What two variables are being associated? (2 pts) ___________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
5.2. Since the two variables are genuinely dichotomous, what statistical tool(s) might be used to
determine the degree of association? Name at least two (2 pts) ______________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5.3. State the null hypothesis of relationship (2 pts) ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

6. When you take the whole target population as your respondents, why do you use descriptive
statistics only and not resort to inferential statistics? (5 pts) ____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

7. If test results of an admission test were reported in percentile rank (PR) and Juan gets PR 80 ,
what does the value mean? (2pts) _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. What is the difference between two independent means and two correlated means? Give
examples to illustrate the difference. (6 pts) _________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
 9. Data in what measurement scale will the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient be applicable?
Data in what measurement scale will the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient be
applicable? (4 pts) ___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
10. Give an example each of variables measured using nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scale?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

11. Read the hypothesis in BOX A and answer items 11.1 to 11.4 (8 pts).

BOX A
Research Hypothesis (Ha): Groceries with lower prices of goods yield greater daily gross sales
than those with relatively higher prices of goods.
11.1. Transform the research hypothesis (Ha) to null hypothesis (Ho). ____________
_______________________________________________________________________
11.2 What are the two variables of interest?
__________________________________________________________________
11.3 What is the measurement scale of ‘prices of good?”
__________________________________________________________________
11.4 What descriptive statistics is applicable to validate the hypothesis?
__________________________________________________________________

12 The excerpt in BOX B is a research abstract. Read and answer items 12.1 to 12.5 a-f ( 10 points)

BOX B
This article isolates correlates of departmental quality at the masters and doctoral level in
regional colleges and universities. The 45 departments in the sample represent 14 public
institutions in two regions and include departments in biology, chemistry, education, history
and mathematics. In addition to simple correlation, the analysis is based on multivariate
linear regression. Departmental quality is found to be correlated with individual and
combined measures of faculty (scholarly productivity, grantsmanship, age and tenure status,
institution of origin of highest degree, and teaching workload), students (number and ability),
program (proportion of institutional degree programs at the advanced graduate level and
curricular concentration), and facilities (library size)….

12.1. What is the sample size of the educational institutions? ________________________

12.2. How was “faculty?” quality measured? ______________________________________
12.3. How was the “students”quality measured? _________________________________
12.4. Write opposite each variable the measurement scale (nominal, ordinal, interval-ratio)
12.5.a. scholarly productivity (number of published researches in a year) ___________
12.5.b. research grants acquired by institution _________________________________
12.5.c. age of faculty _____________________________________________________
12.5.d. tenure status of faculty _____________________________________________
 12.5.e. student enrolment _________________________________________________
12.5.f. library size (number of book titles and volumes) __________________________

13 Read the report of research participants in BOX C and answer items 13.1 – 13.3 (5 pts)

BOX C
Participants
Participants in this study were 309 English-speaking middle and high school students from
California, Kansas and Texas…. Only the participants who self-identified as Mexican American
(n=293) were included in the present study. Furthermore, the small number of middle-school
students (n=27) was removed in order to have a final sample with more homogeneity with
respect to age group (e.g. all high school students). Of this final sample of 266 Mexican
American high school students, 150 (56%) were girls and 116 (44%) were boys, and they had a
mean age of 15.74 years (SD 1.04, range – 14-18 years). The majority of the sample was
Catholic (78%), with 56% reporting that their parents and immigrated to the United States,
and 26% reporting that their grandparents had immigrated to the United states.
13.1. What statistics were used to describe the participants’ profile as reflected in the
paragraph? _________________________________________________________
13.2. If the entire population of the study (309) were covered, what kind of
statistics (descriptive or inferential) was used to describe the participants?
___________________________________________________________________
13.3. Was sampling used in the study? If yes, why? If yes, what kind of sampling
was used? If no, why not?
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

14. Read the statistical report in BOX D and answer items 14.1. to 14.2 (5 pts)

BOX D
Means (with standard deviations in parentheses) for Trials 1 through 4 were 2.43 (0.50), 2.59
(1.21), 2.68 (0.39), and 2.86 (0.12), respectively.

14.1. Which of the trials (1,2,3 &4) has the largest variation? ____________________
14.2. What can you say about Trial 4 with respect to the magnitude of the mean and the
standard deviation? ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

15. Read the excerpt in BOX E below and answer questions 15.1 to 15.5. (

BOX E
Chi-square (X2) is a statistical procedure that is used as a inferential statistic with nominal
data, such as frequency counts, and ordinal data, such as percentages and proportions. In
the simplest case, the data are organized into two categories, such as yes and no, high and
 low, for ad against.
Example:
A researcher is interested in the opinions of college professors about tenure and asked the
question: “Should tenure be abolished or not?” The researcher would like to find out if the
administrators and professors differ in their responses to the question about abolishing
tenure. DO THIS IN YOUR ANSWER SHEET.
15.1. Arrange the following data in a contingency table:
Professors: Yes = 40
No = 60
Administrators: Yes = 40
No = 10
15.2. Get the rows and columns total
15.3. How do you get the degrees of freedom (df = ___ )
15.4. The result is as follows:
X2 (22.08, d=1) = 10.83, p < 0.001)
Is the obtained X2 value significant or not? _____ ?
15.5. What is the research question answered by the chi square statistics (X2) ____________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

16.Assume that Legazpi City has 70 barangays and 100,000 voting population (18 years old and
older) in all barangays. Since Researcher Anne cannot study all members of her target population,
she decides to get a random sample from selected barangays. Further, she wants to get a
proportionate representation from these sectors: rural and urban barangays residents, male and
female resident-respondents and from younger and older sectors of the target population (10 pts) .

16.1. Can the researcher use inferential statistics in this case? Why or why not? ___________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

16.2. Construct a dummy bivariate table to illustrate the relationship between sex and
community affairs participation. Use the appropriate placement of variables considering sex to
be the independent variable and community affairs as the dependent variable. Use the space
below to illustrate percent-point difference as your statistical tool to determine if there is a
significant difference in community participation between males and females. DO THIS IN YOUR

ANSWER SHEET.

16.3. State the null hypothesis. ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

16.4. Assuming that you used chi-square to determine the relationship, and you found that the
obtained value (X2) is greater than the table value (t) with df=1), are you going to reject or
accept the null hypothesis? What does rejection or acceptance of hypothesis mean?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
REFER TO YOUR MODULES OR ANY REFERENCE BOOK TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. I DID NOT
REQUIRE YOU TO DO ANY EXERCISES INTHE TWO LAST MODULES SO YOU CAN CONCENTRATE
ON THIS FINAL EXAM. PLEASE DO YOUR BEST. PLEASE SUBMIT THIS TOGETHER WITH THE
EXERCISES YOU HAVE NOT SUBMITTED NOT LATER THAN JULY 24, 2022 TO THIS ADDRESS:
prajenkin@yahoo.com