MAT02- STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

PROBLEM SET A

1.
2.
NAME: 3. SCORE:
4.
5.
SECTION
DATE:
:

OBJECTIVES:
The students should be able to:
 Apply an appropriate random variable for a given real-life problem. (CO2)
 Compute and interpret the mean and standard deviation of discrete random variables for
a given real-life problem. (C03)
 Apply suitable sampling and sampling distributions of the sample mean to solve real-life
problems in different disciplines. (CO4)
 Estimate the population mean and population proportion to make sound inferences in
real-life problems in different disciplines. (CO5)

INSTRUCTIONS:
Solve each item completely.
Write your solution and final answer in the space provided for each item.
Round off your final answers to four decimal places.
Use ballpen with black or blue ink only. Do not use pencil.
No erasures.

PART I. DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE AND ITS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION [ Total: 25 points]

PROBLEM 1. A chicken comb is the fleshly protrusion on the head of a chicken. Roosters have larger combs
than hens. The four common type of comb shapes are pea, rose, single and walnut. If a rose-combed hen
mated with a pea-combed rooster, the expected ratio of the comb types of the offspring is 9 walnut: 3 rose:
3 pea: 1 single. Let X be the number of walnut-combed offspring in two offspring of a mating between a
rose-combed hen and pea-combed rooster.

For numbers 1-8, perform the task required based on the defined experiment.

1. List down the elements of the sample space, S. (3 pts)

2. Enumerate all the possible values of X. (2 pts)

3. Compute the probability associated with each of the possible values of X and present the probability
distribution in tabular form. (7 pts)
Computation:
 x
P[ X =x]

4. Graph the probability distribution of X. Provide appropriate labels. (3 pts)

5. Compute and interpret the mean of X. (4 pts)

Computation:

Interpretation:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________.

6. Compute and interpret the standard deviation of X. (4 pts)

Computation:

Interpretation:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________.

7. Give another random variable that can be defined for the random experiment and list all its possible
values. (2 pts)

Random variable:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Possible values of your given random variable:

PART II. SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION [ Total: 27 points]

PROBLEM 1. San Migz, a beverage company received a complaint from customers that some of the 500mL
bottles ordered were underfilled. It is known that in every production of the company of 500 mL bottles of
beer, the distribution of volume of beer is normal with mean 500 mL and variance of 9 mL 2. Hence, to
address the complaint, the quality control officer took a random sample of 500 mL bottles of beer and
measured the volume, X.
 a. Determine the distribution of X́ and its corresponding parameters when the quality control officer
draws a random sample of 500 mL bottle of beers with replacement using: (i¿ n=100 (ii) n=150. (8
points)
Distribution:________________________________ Distribution:________________________________
Computation: Computation:
(i) (ii)

b. Compare the standard error of X́ obtained in (i) and (ii). What can you say about the relationship
between the sample size and the precision of X́ ? (3 pts)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________.

c. During the managers’ meeting, the quality control officer explained that a batch of 500 mL bottles of
beer with an average volume of 499 mL is still within the acceptable level. He added that the batches
are considered underfilled only if the average milliliter content is below that value. To ensure if they
are really following the set specification, another batch was considered where a random sample of 80
bottles was obtained. Determine the probability that the company is producing underfilled 500 mL
bottles of beers. Sketch the area corresponding to the probability being asked for. (5 pts)

Computation: Sketch:

PROBLEM 2. During inspection, the quality control officer observed few underfilled and overfilled bottles of
beer. He traced the machines where the bottles were produced and found that these bottles came from the
same filling machine. He then recommends the immediate replacement of this machine with a new one.
However, due to cost cutting measures being implemented by the company, he was told that the machines
will only be replaced if the chance of having a mean filling volume outside of 498 mL to 502 mL is greater
than 1%. The officer then randomly selected 30 bottles of beers from a production batch and determined
their fill volume. Let X́ be the sample mean volume of the 30 randomly selected bottles. Based on previous
records, it is known that the volume of the beer has a mean of 500 mL with a variance of 20 mL 2.
 a. Is it necessary to use the Central Limit Theorem to determine the distribution X́ ? Explain your
answer. (2 pts)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____.

b. Will the manager approve the purchase of the new filling machine? Sketch the area corresponding to
the probability being asked for. (5 pts)

Computation: Sketch:

Final Answer:

c. What must be the variance of the sampling distribution X́ if the probability of having a mean volume
of beer less than 498 mL is 1%? (4 pts)
Computation:

Final Answer:

PART III. ESTIMATION [ Total: 28 points]

PROBLEM 1. Incentives or rewards in a workplace are given to employees in recognition of an

accomplishment or a job well done. Performance assessment is known to be associated with improved
commitment, enthusiasm towards work, and productivity. This also serves as a basis for giving
productivity increase to employees. The Deli Food Manufacturing Corporation, a multinational company is
planning to give cash incentives to dedicated workers who have served the corporation for more than 5
years. To have an idea of the amount of money involved, a simple random sample of 500 employees was
obtained. Based on the number of years in service, 250 employees are expected to receive cash incentives.
Due to the large number of recipients and the large amount of money involved, the finance department
came up with a proposal that includes number of trainings, peer and supervisor’s evaluation as additional
criteria for rewarding cash incentives. With the approval of the proposal, the final number of employees in
the sample was cut down to 100.

a. Find a point estimate of the true proportion of employees who will receive the cash incentive and find
its standard error. (4 pts)

Computation: Final answer (Point

estimate):
 Final answer (Standard
error):

b. Find a 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of employees who will receive cash incentive.
Interpret the confidence interval obtained. (5 pts)
Computation:

Final Answer (Confidence Interval):

Interpretation:____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________.

PROBLEM 2. According to the Department of Tourism, tourist arrivals in the Philippines increased by
10.76% in the first quarter of 2013. Foreigners spent their vacation in the country by exploring white sand
beaches, secluded islands, historical landmarks, and famous tourist spots. By spending money on local
hotels, establishment and transportation, tourist helps the country by enabling small businesses to
develop. Calaguas Island, in Camarines Norte, is one of the tourist spots in Bicol Region with immense
popularity due to its white sand beaches and clear waters. To assess the livelihood of the citizens in
Barangay Mangcawayan in Calaguas Island, a simple random sample of 10 store or business owners was
selected. The data on the usual weekly income of their businesses were obtained and recorded below:
5,000 2,500 3,000 2,900 2,800
2,100 3,100 1,800 2,000 3,500
It is known that the usual weekly income of business in Barangay Mangcawayan follows the normal
distribution with variance of 900 pesos.

a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true mean usual weekly income of business in Barangay
Mangcawayan. Interpret the confidence interval obtained. (7 pts)

Computation:

Final Answer (Confidence Interval):

Interpretation:____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________.
 b. Find a 99% confidence interval for the true mean usual weekly income of business in Barangay
Mangcawayan. (3 pts)

Computation:

Final Answer (Confidence Interval):

c. Calculate the widths of the confidence intervals in (a) and (b). How was the width of the confidence
interval affected by the decrease in the level of confidence? (4pts)

Width of (a) =_____________________ Width of (b)=_________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________.

d. How many business owners must be sampled in order to be 99% confident that the estimated mean
usual weekly income of businesses in Barangay Mangcawayan will be within 10 pesos of the true
mean? (5 pts)

Computation:

Final Answer: