PROJECT FILE

DOMAINS OF AI
Subject – Artificial Intelligence (417)
School – KV ONGC
Session – 2022-23

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Artificial Intelligence:
Artificial Intelligence is at its simplest, is intelligence
demonstrated by Machines. It is a computer system that
can perform tasks that ordinarily require human
intelligence or human interference.
Major domains of AI :

 Machine Learning

 Deep Learning

 Natural Language Processing

 Computer Vision

 Data Science
Machine Learning:

As a subset of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning

allows software applications to become more accurate at
predicting outcomes without being especially programmed
for it.

Its algorithms use historical data as input to predict new

output values. It is a key component of Data Science.

Machine learning focuses on the development of computer

programs that can access data and use it to learn for
themselves.
For simple tasks assigned to computers, it is possible to
program algorithms telling the machine how to execute all
steps required to solve the problem at hand; on the
computer’s part, no learning is needed.

“Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide variety of

applications, such as in medicine, email filtering, speech
recognition, and computer vision, where it is difficult or
unfeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform
tasks”. - Wikipedia

There are three subsets of Machine Learning,

Supervised, Unsupervised and Reinforcement Learning
namely.

Machine Learning Models are used in medical diagnosis,

image processing, prediction, classification, learning
association, regression etc.
Deep Learning:

Deep learning is an AI function that imitates the working

of the human brain in processing data and creating
patterns for use in decision making.

The structure of Deep Learning is inspired by the

structure of the neurons and neuron connections in the
human brain.
Neural networks, also known as Artificial Neural
Networks (ANNs), are a subset of Machine Learning and
the core heart and concept of Machine Learning.

They comprise of node layers, containing an input layer,

one or multiple hidden layers, and an output layer.

If the output of any node is above a specified threshold,

that node is activated, sending data to the next layer of
the network.

Otherwise, no data is passed along to the next layer of

the network.

If the number of Layers including the Input and Output

Layer is more than three, then it is called a Deep Neural
Network.

Deep learning applications are used in industries from

automated driving to medical devices.
Natural Language Processing:

Natural Language Processing is a subfield of Artificial

Intelligence related with the interactions between
computers and human language.At its simplest, Natural
Language Processing is processing of the natural language
that humans use to communicate.

In Natural Language Processing, human language is

separated into fragments so that the grammatical
structure of sentences and the meaning of words can be
analyzed and understood in context.

This helps computers read and understand spoken or

written text in the same way as humans. It refers to the
branch of computer science and Artificial Intelligence
concerned with giving computers the ability to understand
text and spoken words in the same way human beings can.

The goal of an NLP-Trained model is to be capable of

“understanding” the contents of documents, including the
slangs, sarcasm, inner meaning, and contextual definitions
of the language in which the text was written.
The Following are some uses of NLP

.Text and Speech Processing

.Morphological Analysis
.Syntactic Analysis
.Lexical Semantics (Meaning of individual words in a
Context)
.Relational Semantics (Meaning of Individual Sentences)
.Discourse (Meaning beyond individual sentences)

Some High-Level NLP Applications:

.Text Summarization

.Grammar and Error Correction

(Grammarly, Microsoft Editor)

.Text Translation

.Dialogue Management

.Question Answering
Computer Vision:

Computer vision is a field of Artificial Intelligence that

enables computers and machines to derive meaningful
information from digital images, videos, and
other visual inputs and take actions, make decisions and
recommendations based on that information.

If AI is like the brain of computers and machines,

Computer Vision is like the eyes of the computers and
machines.

Computer Vision is used in industries ranging from energy

and utilities to manufacturing to security to automotive
to privacy.

Computer Vision is concerned with the automatic

extraction, analysis and understanding of useful
information from a single image or a sequence of images.
Computer Vision needs lots of data. It runs analyses of
data over and over until it discerns distinctions and
recognize images.

The image data can take many forms, such as video

sequences, views from multiple cameras, multi-dimensional
data from a 3D scanner, medical scanning device etc.

Some Use Cases of Computer Vision are:

 Defect Detection

 Meteorology

 Intruder Detection

 Security

 Personalization

 Editing

 Assembly Verification

 Screen Reader

 Live Text Feature in iOS Devices and Google Lens

And Many More!

Data Science:

 Data Science is the extraction of actionable insights

from raw data.

 Data is Un-Processed. Information is Processed.

 Data is the new Oil of the 21st Century.

 90% of the world’s data was created in the last 2

Years. That means that 90% of the world’s data has
been created in the last 2 years, and the other 10%
has been created over the span of 6 Million Years of
Humankind!

 “Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses

scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems
to extract knowledge and insights from noisy,
structured and unstructured data, and apply knowledge
 and actionable insights from data across a broad range
of application domains”. -Wikipedia

 “Data science is a multidisciplinary approach to

extracting actionable insights from the large and ever-
increasing volumes of data collected and created by
today’s organizations”. -IBM

 It is holds within operations on data, such as refining

data, processing data, cleaning data, analyzing data,
interpreting data, manipulating data and many more.
Analysis requires the development and use of
algorithms, analytics, and AI models. The accuracy of
these predictions must be validated through
scientifically designed tests and experiments.

 Everything we know, is Data. Your search

recommendations are based on the history of your
searches which is Data. The Google Maps ‘Recently
Searched’ feature is because of the data of your
previous visits. The Amazon ‘Recommended for You’, is
because of your previous shopping trends, preferences,
and choices. Personalization is because of data. Data
roams us. Your Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn,
WhatsApp, Cloud, On-Device Storage, Textbooks,
Notebooks, Test Results, Google Forms, Reviews,
Feedback, and many more are all forms of Data!

Some of the Uses of Data Science are:

 Healthcare: With a vast network of data now available

via everything from EMRs to clinical databases to
 personal fitness trackers, medical professionals are
finding new ways to understand disease, practice
preventive medicine, diagnose diseases faster and
explore new treatment options.

 Self-Driving Cars: Tesla, Ford and Volkswagen are all

implementing predictive analytics in their new wave of
autonomous vehicles. These cars use thousands of tiny
cameras and sensors to relay information in real-time.
Using machine learning, predictive analytics and data
science, self-driving cars can adjust to speed limits,
avoid dangerous lane changes, and even take
passengers on the quickest route.

 Coordination: UPS turns to data science to maximize

efficiency, both internally and along its delivery routes.
The company’s On-road Integrated Optimization and
Navigation (ORION) tool uses data science-backed
statistical modeling and algorithms that create optimal
routes for delivery drivers based on weather, traffic,
construction, etc. It’s estimated that data science is
saving the logistics/coordination company up to 39
million gallons of fuel and more than 100 million
delivery miles each year.

 Entertainment: Do you ever wonder how Spotify just

seems to recommend that perfect song you’re in the
mood for? Or how Netflix knows just what shows you’ll
love to binge? Using data science, the music streaming
giant can carefully curate lists of songs based on the
music genre or band you’re currently into. Really into
cooking lately? Netflix’s data aggregator will recognize
 your need for culinary inspiration and recommend
pertinent shows from its vast collection.

 Finance: Machine learning and data science have saved

the financial industry millions of dollars, and
unquantifiable amounts of time. For example, JP
Morgan’s Contract Intelligence (COiN) platform uses
Natural Language Processing (NLP) to process and
extract vital data from about 12,000 commercial credit
agreements a year. Thanks to data science, what would
take around 360,000 manual labor hours to complete is
now finished in a few hours. Additionally, fintech
companies like Stripe and PayPal are investing heavily in
data science to create machine learning tools that
quickly detect and prevent fraudulent activities.

 Cybersecurity: Data science is useful in every industry,

but it may be the most important in cybersecurity.
International cybersecurity firm Kaspersky is using
data science and machine learning to detect over
360,000 new samples of malware daily. Being able to
instantaneously detect and learn new methods of
cybercrime, through data science, is essential to our
safety and security in the future.
THANK YOU