PERSAMAAN DIFFERENSIAL TINGKAT SATU DAN BERPANGKAT SATU.

C. Persamaan Differensial Homogin (PD Homogin)

Bentuk Umum : 𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Penyelesaian : Persamaan Differensial tersebut di atas disebut PD Homogin jika dapat dirubah ke bentuk
𝑥 𝑥
𝑀 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑦

Contoh : Selesaikan Persamaan Differensial Homogin berikut ini!

1) 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
2) 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
3) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
4) (2𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Jawab :

1) 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
Dibagi dengan 𝑦 2 → 𝑦2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦2
+ 𝑦2
𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑥 + ( 𝑦 )2 + 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0 … … (1 )
𝑥
𝑀𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ = 𝑧 → 𝑥 = 𝑧𝑦 → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 … … (2)
𝑦
( 2 ) masuk ( 1 ) akan didapat :
𝑧 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + 𝑧 2 + 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + 𝑧 2 + 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + 2𝑧 2 + 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧𝑦 [2𝑧 2 +1]
Dibagi dengan y ( 2z2 + 1 ) didapat 𝑦(2𝑧 2 +1 ) 𝑑𝑧 + 𝑦(2𝑧 2 +1 )
𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧 1
(2𝑧 2 +1 )
𝑑𝑧 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧 1 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑧 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0 → 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝐴 = 2𝑧 2 + 1 → = 4𝑧 → = 𝑑𝑧
(2𝑧 2 +1 ) 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 4𝑧
𝑧 𝑑𝐴 1
𝐴 4𝑧
. + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
1 1 1
4 𝐴
𝑑𝐴 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
1
4
ln 𝐴 + ln 𝑦 = 𝐶
1
4
ln 2𝑧 2 + 1 + ln 𝑦 = 𝐶
1 𝑥
4
ln [2 ( 𝑦 )2 + ln 𝑦 = 𝐶

2) 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥𝑦 2𝑥 2 4𝑦 2
Dibagi dengan 𝑦 2 → 𝑦2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦2
+ 𝑦2
𝑑𝑦 = 0
 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑥 + 2( 𝑦 )2 + 4 𝑑𝑦 = 0 … … (1 )
𝑥
𝑀𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ = 𝑧 → 𝑥 = 𝑧𝑦 → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 … … (2)
𝑦
( 2 ) masuk ( 1 ) akan didapat :
𝑧 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + 2𝑧 2 + 4 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + 2𝑧 2 + 4 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + 3𝑧 2 + 4 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧𝑦 [3𝑧 2 +4]
Dibagi dengan y ( 3z2 + 4 ) didapat 𝑦(3𝑧 2 +4 ) 𝑑𝑧 + 𝑦(3𝑧 2 +4 )
𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧 1
(3𝑧 2 +4 )
𝑑𝑧 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧 1 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝐴
(3𝑧 2 +4 )
𝑑𝑧 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶 → 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝐴 = 3𝑧 2 + 4 → 𝑑𝑧
= 6𝑧 → 6𝑧
= 𝑑𝑧
𝑧 𝑑𝐴 1
𝐴 6𝑧
. + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
1 1 1
6 𝐴
𝑑𝐴 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
1
6
ln 𝐴 + ln 𝑦 = 𝐶
1
6
ln 3𝑧 2 + 4 + ln 𝑦 = 𝐶
1 𝑥 2
6
ln [3 𝑦
+ 4] + ln 𝑦 = 𝐶

3) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥𝑦
Dibagi dengan 𝑦 2 → 𝑦2
+ 𝑦2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦2
𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
( 𝑦 )2 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 = 0 … … (1 )
𝑥
𝑀𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝑦
= 𝑧 → 𝑥 = 𝑧𝑦 → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 … … (2)
( 2 ) masuk ( 1 ) akan didapat :
𝑧 2 + 1 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑧 3 + 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑧 2 + 1 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 +z dy= 0
𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑧 2 + 1 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 𝑧 2 +1 𝑦
Dibagi dengan y ( z3 + 2z ) didapat 𝑦(𝑧 3 +2𝑧 ) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦(𝑧 3 +2𝑧 )
𝑑𝑧 = 0
1 𝑧 2 +1
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑧 3 +2𝑧
𝑑𝑧 = 0
1 2
𝑧 +1
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧 = 𝐶
𝑦 𝑧 3 +2𝑧
2
𝑧 +1 𝑧 2 +1 𝐴 𝐵𝑧+𝐶
3
𝑧 +2𝑧
= 𝑧 (𝑧 2 +2 )
= 𝑧
+ 𝑧 2 +2
𝐴(𝑧 2 +2) 𝑧(𝐵𝑧+𝐶)
= + 2
𝑧(𝑧 2 +2) 𝑧(𝑧 +2)
𝐴𝑧 2 +2𝐴+𝐵𝑧 2 +𝐶𝑧
=
𝑧(𝑧 2 +2)
𝐴+𝐵 𝑧 2 +𝐶𝑧+2𝐴
= 𝑧(𝑧 2 +2)
𝐾𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑧 2 ∶ 1 = 𝐴 + 𝐵
𝐾𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑧 ∶ 0 = 𝐶
 1
𝐾𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑧 0 ∶ 1 = 2𝐴 → 𝐴 = 2
1 1
Karena 1 = A + B  1 = 2 + 𝐵 → 𝐵 = 2
𝑧 2 +1 𝐴 𝐵𝑧+𝐶 1 1 𝑧
2 2
Jadi didapat : 𝑧 3 +2𝑧
= 𝑧
+ 𝑧 2 +2
= 𝑧
+ 𝑧 2 +2

1 1 1 1 𝑧
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 +2 𝑧
𝑑𝑧 + 2 𝑧 2 +2
𝑑𝑧 = 𝐶
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝐴
𝑀𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝐴 = 𝑧 2 + 2 → 𝑑𝑧
= 2𝑧 → 2𝑧
= 𝑑𝑧
1 1 1 1 𝑧 𝑑𝐴
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 + 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 + 2 𝐴 2𝑧 = 𝐶
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧 + . 𝑑𝐴 = 𝐶
𝑦 2 𝑧 2 2 𝐴
1 1
ln 𝑦 + 2 ln 𝑧 + 4 ln 𝐴 = 𝐶
1 1
ln 𝑦 + 2 ln 𝑧 + 4 ln(𝑧 2 + 2) = 𝐶
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
ln 𝑦 + 2 ln ( 𝑦 ) + 4 ln [ 𝑦 )2 + 2 =𝐶

4) Untuk latihan!