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UTTARA UNIVERSITY

Internship Report
On

Supply Chain Management Process in the Textile Division of Union Limited

Submitted To
Nusrat Jahan
Assistant Professor
School of Business
Uttara University

Submitted By
Md. Jahid Hasan Akash
ID_2191011094
Program: BBA
Department of Business Administration
School of Business
Uttara University

Submission Date: 14/12/2022

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Letter of Transmittal

Date: 14th December 2022

To

Nusrat Jahan
Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration
Uttara University

Subject: Submission of Internship report on “Supply Chain Management Process in the Textile
Division of Union Limited”.

Dear Madam,

I would like to cover my graduation and thank you for allowing me to work on such a very relevant
project to my study. I sincerely believe that the practical knowledge and experience gathered from
this study will be very helpful for my future research work.

If any confusion arises or any further explanation is needed, I will be readily available to
explain the matter to you, as the situation required.

Yours sincerely

Md. Jahid Hasan Akash

ID_2191011094
Section: A
Batch: 48
Department of Business Administration
School of Business
Uttara University
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Letter of Authorization

I’m pleased to certify that the internship report on “Supply Chain Management Process in the
Textile Division of Union Limited” has been completed by Md. Jahid Hasan Akash bearing ID:
2191011094, Batch: 48, Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Uttara
University, under my supervision.

Now, the report has been approved for presentation and viva voce.

I wish him every success in life.

---------------------------------

Internship Supervisor

Nusrat Jahan
Assistant Professor
School of Business
Uttara University
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Letter of Authorization- Organizational

I’m pleased to certify that the internship report on “Supply Chain Management Process in the
Textile Division of Union Limited” has been completed by Md. Jahid Hasan Akash bearing ID:
2191011094, Batch: 48, Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Uttara
University, Intern ID: E003241, under Supply Chain Management Department of the Textile
Division in Union Limited.

Now, the report has been approved for presentation and viva voce.

I wish him every success in life.

---------------------------------

Barrister Shahrina Razzaque

General Manager
Business Operations
Union Limited
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Student Disclaimer

I solemnly declare that the internship report on “Supply Chain Management Process in the Textile
Division of Union Limited” has been prepared and has not been previously submitted to any other
educational institution or organization for any academic qualification.

I, further undertake to indemnify the university against any loss or damage arising from a breach of
the foregoing obligation.

Thank you

Sincerely yours

-----------------------------------
Md. Jahid Hasan Akash
ID_2191011094
Department of Business Administration
School of Business
Uttara University
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Acknowledgment

The successful accomplishment of this report is the outcome of the contribution of several people,
especially those who provided time to share their thoughtful guidance and suggestions with me.

In the beginning, I would like to thank the Almighty Allah for allowing me to work under all
circumstances and constraints.
First of all, I am indeed grateful to my honorable supervisor Nusrat Jahan, Assistant Professor,
School of Business, Uttara University for her positive support as well as indefatigable effort.

I would like to thank Mr. Kamrul Hasan, the Deputy General Manager (DGM) of Supply Chain
Management of the Textile Division of Union Limited for supporting me a lot. I would like to thank
the authority of “Union Limited” to give me the valued opportunity to do my internship in their
prestigious organization. The experience and knowledge gained helped me immensely to address and
understand all the elements related to my report, which I otherwise would not have understood so
well.

Complete my internship was indeed a great pleasure and a unique experience for me. It was also a
challenging and exciting event.
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Executive Summary

My internship report is on “Supply Chain Management Process in the Textile Division of Union
Limited”. This report has been prepared by using primary data and secondary data.

In the first chapter, different aspects of the report like a brief introduction, the origin of the report,
objectives, and limitations of the study are discussed by me. Finally, the overall objectives, four
specific objectives, and then I have faced are given.

In the second chapter, a brief company overview. This section provides different important data
about UNION Group of Companies Limited. I have provided information about Union Group of
Companies Limited’s background, organizational structures, slogan, vision, mission, the textile unit
as I worked in this division, Union Group of Companies Limited’s core values, other services, and
the basic processes of Supply Chain Management.

In the third chapter, data description, sources of data, methods, data processing, and presentations are
given.

In the fourth chapter, the objectives I selected in the first chapter are briefly described here by me.
Firstly, I have shown the sector of material collection as well as the commercial sector of the textile
division in the supply chain management department. After that Yarn dying process, the import to in-
house and export processes have been shown. Then the process of imports of dyes and chemicals as
well as their utility chemicals are shown as well as the Export (Yarn Dyeing) processes of Union
Group. At the end of the chapter, I have shown the findings of Union Limited.

The fifth chapter starts with the recommendations regarding those findings are given with proper
solutions. At the end of the chapter, I concluded the full report with its main theme of it.

In the sixth chapter, I shared my overall experience of my internship at Union Limited and gave
references in APA style.
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Table of Contents

Serial Particulars Page

No. No.
Cover Page I
Letter of Transmittal II
Letter of Authorization III
Letter of Authorization- Organizational IV
Student Disclaimer V
Acknowledgment VI
Executive Summary VII
Table of Contents VIII

Chapter - 1: Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the study 2

1.2 Objectives of the study 3
1.3 Limitations of the study 3

Chapter - 2: Company Profile 4

2.1 Company Profile of Union Group of Companies Limited 5

2.2 Organogram of Supply Chain Management in the Textile Division of Union Limited 7
2.3 Slogan 7
2.3.1 Vision 7
2.3.2 Mission 7
2.4 Textile Unit in Union Limited 8
2.5 Core Values of Union Group of Companies Limited 8
2.6 Union Limited’s other services 9
2.7 Basic Supply Chain Process in Union Group of Companies Limited (Local) 10

Chapter - 3: Data Collection & Processing 11

3.1 Data Description 12

3.2 Ways of Data Collection 12
3.2.1 Primary Sources 12
3.2.2 Secondary Sources 12
3.3 Data Processing Method 12
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Serial Particulars Page

No. No.
Chapter - 4: Objectives Discussion, Findings & Analysis 13

4.1 Objective- 1: Material Collections in the Textile Division of Union Limited 14

4.1.1 Types of materials from import and local 15
4.1.2 Sources of Materials from import and local 15
4.1.3 Material Collection Circle of Import 16
4.1.4 Flow Chart of Material Collection Process (Import) 18
4.1.5 Material Collection Process (Local) 19
4.1.6 Company-supplier sourcing, procurement, and managing inventory of the material collection 20
4.1.7 International Commercial Terms for Shipping 22
4.2 Objective- 2: Import to in-house (Yarn Dyeing) processes of Union Limited 23
4.2.1 Import to In-house Process of Dyes & Chemicals for Yarn Dyeing 27
4.2.2 Import Status Dyes & Chemicals for Yarn Dyeing 28
4.3 Objective-3: Export (Yarn Dyeing) process (es) of Union Limited 29
4.3.1 Export of Hank Yarn & Cone Yarn 31
4.3.2 Bulk Production of the export process of Yarn Dyeing 31
4.3.3 Customs Bond for Yarn Export 32
4.3.4 Sales vs Stock Coverage (Yarn export process) 34
4.3.5 Distribution 34
4.4 Findings 35
4.5 SWOT Analysis 36

Chapter - 5: Conclusion & Recommendation 37

5.1 Conclusion 38
5.2 Recommendations 39

Chapter - 6: Internship Experience 40

6.1 Internship Experience 41

6.1.1 The type of work I accomplished 41
6.1.2 The work environment of Union Limited 42
6.1.3 Experience related to working and people meet 42
6.1.4 Significant pleasant incidents with company supervisor & colleagues 42
Reference 43
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Chapter: 1

Introduction
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1.1: Background of the study

Each student of Uttara University for Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) needed to
complete an internship for at least 12 weeks or 3 months with an organization and submit a
report based on the internship assignment. The scope of the application is theoretical as well
as practical knowledge of Supply Chain Management with provider acquisition gathered
from the BBA program has widened by interacting with the clients of Union Group of
Companies Limited.

According to our country, Supply Chain Management (SCM) is still not in a very good
position. Because of the lack of abilities, and skills in this sector of the employees. But it has
a big demand all over the country as well as worldwide. Still, some organizations do not have
a good supply chain department. For some reason of that, companies are facing trouble
because supplies are not creating a good vibe. We can see that customers are waiting but
buyers do not supply their product or buyers are ready to deliver, but logistic support is not
well. Every day, new tools are emerging in the market and also the business. So, it’s
important to have a strong supply chain plan for any individual business people.

Union Limited also emphasizes the Supply Chain rather than other activities of an
organization. In this report, my target is to identify all the sectors in the textile division
Supply Chain strategies, processes, etc. that are used by Union Group of Companies Limited.

This report is tailored to focus on the Supply Chain strategies of Union Group of Companies
Limited which is performing Yarn Dyeing in the Textile Division.

Bangladesh is fully based on Textiles. It’s good to say that we are holding the top position in
this sector over the world. As a Finance background, I have enough interest in this area
because, without finance, a supply chain cannot give the proper return and truthfulness. As
well as without Supply Chain, an organization cannot survive. For this reason, I have chosen
Supply Chain Management of Union Group of Companies Limited and tried to relate it to my
passion.
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1.2: Objectives of the study:

This report aims to get the overall knowledge regarding the Supply Chain Management
Process of the Textile Division of Union Group of Companies Limited. As well as to identify
the overall Supply Chain Management components and strategies of the Textile Division of
Union Group of Companies Limited.

I am describing the overall process of Supply Chain Management in the textile division of
Union Group of Companies Limited. These are:

Material Collections in the Textile Division of Union Group.

Import to in-house (Yarn Dyeing) process(es) of Union Group
Export (Yarn Dyeing) process(es) of Union Group.

1.3: Limitations of the study:

There was some limitation when I was making this report. Those are given below:
• Confidential matters of the organization.

Note: Yes, I found only one limitation. Without this limitation, I didn’t face anything.
Because all the employees and the department head were very positive about my internship.
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Chapter: 2
Company Profile
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2.1 Company Profile of Union Group of Companies Limited:

Union Group of Companies Limited is a leading, well-known, diversified,

multifaceted group of companies bringing a wide range of products and services under its
wing. It includes, among other things, textiles, mobile phones, aviation, real estate, and retail.
With a bright and motivated team, Union Limited takes pride in its nature as a diverse
company.

Union Group of Companies Limited has success and innovation as the highest dyed yarn
seller in the global sweater industry. Currently, more than 8,000 skilled workforces it has. A
diverse and global community of independent thinkers makes up our inclusive workplace.
More than 500 valuable clients it has. It is delivering the best products and services to our
local and international clients. The big factor is, Union Group of Companies Limited has a
strong financial portfolio with consistent growth and recognition over the years.
Approximately $226 million annual turnover it has.

Union Group of Companies Limited is a textile-based group. Its textile division includes
100% export-oriented spinning, cone dyeing, hanks dyeing, sweater, and chemical production
units providing top-notch products. Sam Ree Cone Dyeing, Sam Ree Hanks Dyeing, Daeyu
Spinning, Daeyu Hanks Dyeing, Daeyu Sweater, H.P. Chemicals Ltd is under the Union
Group of Companies for the textile manufacturing division.
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Nokia Manufacturing Company, Cellular Mobile PTE Limited (CMPL) & Compustar PVT
Limited (CPL) are under their Mobile Manufacturing & Division.

Union Group of Companies Limited has many clients around the world. Such as ZARA,
H&M, NEXT, TESCO, WALMART, S. OLIVER, etc.

iPhone, Nokia, Fossil Watches, and Emporio Armani are their key partners.

Standard Chartered Bank, Woori Bank, Brac Bank, Eastern Bank, Dutch Bangla Bank, and
Premier Bank are the financial supporters & partners of the organization.
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2.2: Organogram of Supply Chain Management in the Textile Division of

Union Limited:

Figure: 1: Organogram of Supply Chain Management of Union Limited

Union Limited

Textile Division

Supply Chain Management

Deputy General Manager

Assistant General Manager

Manager (1) Manager Manager Assistant Manager

(2) (3)

Senior Senior Senior Senior

Executive
Executive Executive Executive Executive

Executive Executive Executive Executive

2.3: Slogan:
The Slogan of Union Group of Companies Limited is “Delivering the Best”.

2.3.1: Vision:
To attain sustainable growth with a clear and specified purpose.

2.3.2: Mission:
Be best in the minds of our customers, associates, employees, and stakeholders by creating
and following a roadmap understood and accepted by all of our members.
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2.4: Textile Unit in Union Limited:

Union Limited has two units in the textile division which are Yarn Dyeing & Yarn
Spinning. These two units work with two different company which is under the organization
such as DAYEU BD & SAM REE.

Figure: 2: Textile Unit of Union Limited

Union Limited

Textile Division

Yarn Dyeing Yarn Spinning

DAEYU BD (Hank Unit) DAEYU Spinning

Sweater Yarn SAM REE (Hank Unit)

SAM REE (Cone Unit)

The organization produces sweater yarn. And it involves the Daeyu bd ‘Hank’ unit as well as
Sam Ree’s “Hank & Cone” unit. On the other hand, it has another yarn-spinning sector which
is under Daeyu Spinning unit.

2.5: Core Values of Union Group of Companies Limited:

✓ Giving Clients the most priority.

✓ Giving Clients the best service.
✓ Provide authentic products.
✓ Emphasizing professional ethics.
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2.6: Union Limited’s other services:

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Union Group of Companies Limited has a vast and very good CRM, especially for Textile,
Mobile Manufacturing & Distribution, Accessories, etc. It makes it easy for the whole team
to track the status of every customer and follow up on their property.

Customizable company ERP

It has world-class Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software which is known as
ORACLE. It makes it easy to work with all employees as well as clients. For example, Md.
Ahetesham Talukder, the Supply Chain Department of the Textile Division manager, showed
a sample picture of his ERP.

Customizable company website

In the organization, we have a personal website. People can easily find anything from there.
We are offering a customizable hosted website with hassle-free maintenance in Union Group
of Companies.

Department where I worked

I worked in the department of supply chain management in the textile division. Though in my
time, there was no other intern except me. I worked with all the senior employees. Every day
I would discuss the procurement, comparative statement (CS), purchasing order (PO), stock
coverage, and shipment forward as well as visit factories and also did negotiate with
suppliers.
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2.7: Basic Supply Chain Process in Union Group of Companies Limited

(Local):

Requisition from factory

Analysing part by SCM

Forward to vendor. Ex: Price solving

Approval from Management. Ex: Comparative Statement (CS)

Purchase Order (PO) Making

Purchase Order (PO) Approval

PO will forward to supply

Logistic. Ex: Delivery

Material Receiving Report (MRR)

Billing Process
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Chapter: 3
Data Collection & Processing
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3.1: Data Description

In this report Primary & Secondary, both sources of data were used. The report was executed
by gathering information by working with employees of the organization. Information was
also gathered by observing the client’s attitude & behavior.

3.2: Ways of Data Collection

Sources of Data this report can be divided into two categories.

3.2.1: Primary Sources:

❖ Face-to-face discussion with employees and top-management authority.
❖ Day-to-day desk job
❖ Factory visiting.
❖ Oral unstructured interview of the responsible officer.

3.2.2: Secondary Sources:

❖ Website of Union Group of Companies Limited.
❖ Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).
❖ Office documents.
❖ Relevant file study as provided by the officers concerned.

3.3: Data Processing Method

After collecting the data, I prepared those data and processed them by Microsoft Office. All
the data was circulated by the office. Detailed analysis, working variables, and working
definitions have been embodied in the report.
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Chapter:4
Objectives Discussion, Findings & Analysis
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4.1: Objective-1: Material Collections in the Textile Division of Union

Limited:

The most important part of the textile division is the material collection. Because, if the
organization doesn’t collect the actual material, they won’t able to make the actual yarn as the
buyer wants. The organization collects its material from several countries as well as locally.
Those are given below:

Figure: 3: Material Collections in the Textile Division of Union Limited.

Union Limited

Textile Division

Supply Chain Management

Yarn (Hank, Cone) Dyes & Chemicals Spare Parts

Import Local Import Local Import

India, Pakistan,
Indonesia, China,
Vietnam, Thailand,
South Korea,
Germany
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4.1.1: Types of materials from import and local:

The first sector of the textile division is to collect materials. The organization does Yarn
Dyeing. Overall supply chain processing in the material collected in the textile division is in
three parts. Those are Yarn, Dyes & chemicals, and Spare Parts.

Union Group of Companies Limited imports Yarn as Hank and Cone. They don’t collect it
locally. They also import their chemicals. But utility chemicals collect locally. Such as DM
Plant, WTP Chemical, ETP Chemical, etc. As well as they collect their spare parts through
import but also locally.

4.1.2: Sources of Materials from import and local:

The organization imports Yarn, Chemicals, and Spare Parts materials of Textile from
several countries. For instance:

Germany Indonesia
China Pakistan
South Korea Vietnam
Thailand India

As well as the organization collects its utility chemicals and spare parts materials locally. It
may be from any organization. So many organizations deal with Union Limited.
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4.1.3: Material Collection Circle of Import:

First of all, it is mentioned that when the organization is importing any material, that is going
to control the Commercial Department. According to the system, Supply Chain Management
has also a commercial department. When the organization needs to import its materials from
another country. Some processes must be followed.

Figure: 4: Material Collection Circle of Import

Buyer Supplier

EX: Dhaka Bank- EX: Bank of China-

Bangladesh China

The supply chain department must contact the supplier when the organization imports any
material. After that, the buyer will give a requisition for purchasing to the supplier. Then, the
department will contact a bank in his country, where the Letter of Credit (LC) will be set.
As well as the supplier will contact his preferable bank from his country which belongs to his
country. After that, both banks will contact each other as LC partners.

The LC application submits to Bank. Requirements for imports for material collection are;
➢ Letter of Credit Authorization Form (LCAF).
➢ Import Form.
➢ Proforma Invoice (PI)
➢ Application
➢ Insurance Papers

And some other documents must be needed. After that LC draft copy collects from the bank.
A draft copy will send to the supplier. Then the supplier will recheck that information, if
there is something that needs to change, then the supplier will inform the bank. Bank will
send those draft documents to the buyer.
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After getting the notice from the bank, the organization will send a Bank Acceptance Letter
for the withdrawal of the documents. Here are some types of LC that the organization is
going to deal with. Such as:
➢ Deferred LC: It means there will be some terms and conditions that the supplier will
collect the material, but the payment method may happen within 90 days, 120 days, or
150 days as per LC conditions.
➢ At sight LC: It refers that the material will collect with payment without any period
condition.

So according to the LC condition, buyers will send a message through swift to the suppliers,
that the buyer got documents.

So, after getting the original documents, they will send them to the Clearing and
Forwarding Agent (CNF Agent). The CNF Agent is in a Shipping spot such as Airport or
Shipping Port. CNF Agent is a source that the material will release from the custom. It is
their responsibility. CNF Agent is an agent who has the license for doing this. After some
procedure, the CNF Agent will release the material from the port. After that by logistic
support, the material will be in the warehouse of the organization. After that, the factory will
check the quality of those products.

Sometimes the organization does Telephonic Transfer (TT). It refers that when the supplier
needs to take advance money for production. It seems that sometimes the supplier’s raw
materials cost, labor cost, etc. is needed for a large amount of production. It is mentioned that
the organization doesn’t need to make a Letter of Credit (LC) for this transaction. That time
the organization goes with Telephonic Transfer (TT) for pre-orders. Although there is a
restriction about advance money from the government. Such as an organization cannot deal
with a supplier of more than $5,000, $10,000, or $12,000. It depends on the overall order.

It is important to know, there is a policy about shipping methods. If the organization’s

product is less than 25kg, then the organization will deal with the Courier. As well as if it is
less than 100kg, it will deal with Air. And if it is over 100kg, then it will deal with the Ship.
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4.1.4: Flow Chart of Material Collection Process (Import):

When the organization imports its material from different countries, the organization follows
a formal procedure, those are given below:

Figure: 5: Flow Chart of Material Collection Process (Import)

Union Limited

Textile Division

Supply Chain Management

Material Collection (Import)

EX: LCAF, Import

Letter of Credit (LC) Form, PI, Application

LC Draft Copy Collect from Bank

Draft Copy Send to Supplier

To transfer LC to
Inform To Bank the supplier’s bank
after correction

From Bank and send

Collect Transferred LC Copy
to supplier

Clearing & Forwarding (CNF) Agent

Material Send to Factory

Quality Check
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4.1.5: Material Collection Process (Local):

Utility Chemicals and some instant materials are locally collected by the supply chain
management department. When SCM needs to collect material locally they prepared a
requisition. After that, they analyze the requisition. And then they go for their formal
processing to collect materials locally. For instance, the organization most of the time collects
utility chemicals locally.
Some Utility Chemicals that are collected locally are:

Figure: 6: Some Utility Chemicals for Textile Division of Union Limited.

ETP Chemicals-
Effluent
Treatment Plants

DM Plant- WTP Chemicals-

Demineralised Water Treatment
Water Plants Plants

Utility
Chemicals

Cooling Water Boiler Chemicals

Chemical

Lab Chemicals

Utility chemicals are special formulations with a higher added value that can be added to
several products in comparatively fewer amounts to improve the performance of those
products. The organization collects its utility chemicals locally. They collect some utility
chemicals such as:

➢ Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) Chemical: This is to clean water and remove any
toxic and non-toxic materials or chemicals from it so that the water can be reused or
released into the environment which will do less harm to the environment.
➢ Water Treatment Plants (WTP) Chemicals: It helps clean the water when they take
it from the river.
➢ Demineralized (DM) Plant: It helps clean the water more.
➢ Cooling Water Chemicals: After dyeing, it helps to cool the water.
➢ Boiler Chemicals: It helps to heat the water when dyeing.
➢ Lab Chemicals: It helps when testing the yarn.
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4.1.6: Company-supplier sourcing, procurement, and managing inventory

of the material collection:

As Union Limited finds itself in a highly globalized and digitally connected business
environment, it increasingly relies on third-party suppliers for raw materials; manufacturing
of components or even complete products; assembly; logistics and distribution; and more.
The importance of suppliers increases the need for collaborative supplier relationships.
Developing a collaborative relationship requires time and effort.

Approved Vendor List: Commercial Department maintains a vendor list of Raw Materials
and Packing Materials according to the prescribed format of the International Standard
Organization. Such a vendor list needs to be approved by Quality Analyst. Commercial also
maintains a vendor list for Finished Goods and repacking items. The business unit or quality
analyst must approve such a vendor list.

Vendor Enlistment: To work with Union Limited, each local vendor needs to be enlisted
beforehand. Vendors submit all necessary papers along with forwarding letters to the
Materials Controller in the prescribed format. The commercial then investigates his
competency as a supplier and visits his site if required. After a satisfactory result, the supplier
is issued a letter for his qualification as a vendor to work with Union Limited.

Preferred Supplier: The items which required a special design or process to follow,
Commercial can consider the preferred supplier concept of selecting and authorizing a
supplier based on the cost, reputation, reliability, and timeliness. A detailed item-wise cost
analysis with a regular review is done for considering a supplier as a preferred supplier. After
that, an agreement is done with such a supplier.
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Vendor Profile: Commercial department prepares a vendor profile containing the following
information:
1. Details address of the Vendor.
2. Name of a contact person with a detailed address.
3. List of products.
4. Financial strength.
5. List of other companies they supply.
6. Address of factory.
7. Purchase history of Zaman Fashionwear’s this supplier.
8. Non-Compliance Report, Problem notification, and other Quality Analysis reports
regarding this supplier.
9. Claim status.

Vendor Evaluation: The vendor needs to be evaluated each year. Such vendor evaluation
needs to be done in the prescribed format. The vendor is informed of the evaluation and is
asked to improve where required.

Procurement:

Procurement is the business management function that ensures identification, sourcing,

access, and management of the external resources that an organization needs or may need to
fulfill its strategic objectives. According to CIPS Australia, Procurement is the business
management function that ensures identification, sourcing, access, and management of the
external resources that an organization needs or may need to fulfill its strategic objectives.
Procurement exists to explore supply market opportunities and to implement resourcing
strategies that deliver the best possible supply outcome to the organization, its stakeholders,
and customers.

As a practicing SCM organization, Union Limited has changed the system of procurement
from a bid-and-buy system to the involvement of key suppliers in the product development
phase. This action reduces product-cycle time. Therefore, strategic alliances between buyers
and suppliers have to be built on a global basis. The steps taken by the procurement
Department are discussed below:

➢ Material Requirement Planning

➢ Requisition
➢ Quotation Collection and Negotiation
➢ Comparative Statement
➢ Quality Analysis Report
➢ NCR and Test Report
➢ Expiry Items
➢ Block List Approval
➢ Procurement from an Exclusive Supplier
➢ Procurement with Exception
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4.1.7: International Commercial Terms for Shipping:

Union Limited follows the International Commercial Terms (Incoterm)- 2020.

Incoterms are known as a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. Though
Incoterm changes approximately every 10 years.

Figure: 7: Incoterms of 2020

Though there are some types of Incoterms. Such as EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, etc.
But Union Limited follows Ex Works Place (EXW), Free Carrier (FCA), Carriage
Faid (CPT), etc.

Most of the time Union Limited does their export transaction through Free on Board
(FOB). When merchandise is bought or sold “Free on Board” (FOB) it implies that the dealer
conveys the merchandise to a ship at a port already concurred to by the seller and the buyer.
The vendor loads the merchandise onto the dispatch. The buyer at that point takes care of the
moment conventions and transportation to the ultimate goal.

Although they also do their shipping transaction through Cost and Freight (CFR). Under
CFR terms (brief for “Cost and Freight”), the seller must clear the products for trade, provide
them onboard the transport at the harbor of flight, and pay for the merchandise to the named
harbor of goal. The chance passes from vendor to buyer when the dealer conveys the products
onboard the dispatch.
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4.2: Objective-2: Import to in-house (Yarn Dyeing) processes of Union

Limited:
In the textile division, importing in-house of yarn dyeing is important. It refers to a sequence
when the organization does import in-house. Those are given below as a flow chart:
Figure: 8: Process of Import to in-house (Yarn Dyeing) processes of Union Limited

Union Limited

Yarn

Import to In-house
Requisition
For Forecasted Sales Order Item wise minimum stock
Purchase

Country wise “Quality,

Supplier Sourcing
Shipment Preference, etc”

Comparative
Price Collection
Statement (C.S)

Target Setting-up

Price, Shipment, Quality,

Negotiation
Quantity, etc.

Proforma Invoice (PI)

Purchase Order

Internal Approval
Certification
Bank (L.C)

Shipment Schedule

Shipping Documents

Release Goods from Port

Inhouse to Warehouse Store SALES

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Here, I have shown a flow chart about the import to the in-house process of Yarn Dyeing.
Before starting the process, through members’ meetings, the market forecast is determined. If
the market is upward, then they purchase the product literally. As well as if the market is
down then they purchase the minimum quantity as much as they need. Available Yarn must
be in stock.

The first stage of import to in-house is getting the purchase requisition. Requisition is the
Commercial can also purchase based on requisition raised by business. The marketing
department provides requisition as per the prescribed format providing ROFO, Current Stock,
and other necessary documents with approval from the head of the business. The commercial
department issues a Purchase Requisition number for each requisition. It refers that the
forecasted sales order and the minimum stock.

After that the team of supply chain management sourcing suppliers like countrywide
quality, shipment reference, etc.

Then they make a comparative statement (CS). Here they collect a minimum of three
vendor statements. A comparative Statement is known as alluding to the Buy Demand
number, a comparative statement arranged for each consequence or buy. Considering MOQ
and conveyance, the commercial arrangement is given to the most reduced bidder unless
there's another compelling reason to go for a provider other than the most reduced bidder.
Commercial moreover tries to incorporate industry costs within the comparative Explanation.
This comparative articulation ought to be endorsed by the Materials Controller and Head of
trade. In case of disappointment to supply an indent at the time concurred, the next bidder
will be inquired to supply an indent. Any alteration within the comparative explanation also
has to be affirmed by the Materials Controller and Head of commerce.
 P a g e | 25

The following information is furnished in the comparative statement:

✓ Code Number
✓ Name of material
✓ Name of supplier
✓ Quantity to be procured
✓ Current stock
✓ Name of manufacturer
✓ Price of each manufacturer
✓ Last price
✓ Reason for a price increase or anything whatsoever
✓ Industry price if available

After that, they make target setting up.

Then they do the negotiation with them for instance price, quality, quantity, shipment
procedure, etc. Quotation Collection and Negotiation is the Commercial collection of
quotations from all approved manufacturers/suppliers referring to the Purchase Requisition
number. Commercial then negotiates with all manufacturers or suppliers to bring down the
price to the best possible.

After that, they collect the Proforma Invoice (PI). A proforma invoice is a preliminary bill
or estimated invoice which is used to request payment from the committed buyer for goods or
services before they are supplied. A proforma invoice includes a description of the goods, the
total payable amount, and other details about the transaction.

Then they make a PO which is Purchase Order. A purchase order (PO) is a document that
represents an agreement with a vendor to buy goods or services. The document also helps
keep track of product receipts that are made toward the order and, later, the accounting of
vendor invoices that the vendor bills toward the order.

After making the PO, they have to set the internal approval. Then they make a Letter of
Credit (LC) with a bank. We know LC is a good and legal way to deal in a business in case
of a foreign transaction. It gives securities. Between Bank LC and Internal Approval, some
certification must be required. A letter of credit, or a credit letter, is a letter from a bank
guaranteeing that a buyer’s payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct
amount. If the buyer is unable to make a payment on the purchase, the bank will be required
to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. It may be offered as a facility.
 P a g e | 26

After completing all these things, the authority of supply chain management goes to the
shipment schedule. In this stage, shipping documents must be required for transferring
their products. Such as:

✓ Commercial Invoice.
✓ Packing List.
✓ Export/ Import Customs Declaration.
✓ Bill of Lading (BL) & Sea Waybill.
✓ Certificates (Production, Vessel, Phytosanitary).
✓ Air or Ship Waybill.
✓ Arrival Notice.
✓ Certificate of Origin.
✓ Importer Security Filling (Local Customs Requirements)
✓ Letter of Credit (LC)

Here are two types of shipping procedures they follow. Such as:
• Direct Vessel: It refers that the shipping will transfer directly without any transit. It is
also known as fast shipment but it is highly cost.
• Transshipment: It refers to the shipping that will transfer through some transit. It
takes some time but it reduces the cost.

After taking the products to the port, they have to release goods from the port. Then they
make it in-house to the warehouse. And at last, they sell it.

It is important to know that when the organization imports Yarn, they only import three
categories of products. For instance:
• Raw White Hank Yarn.
• Raw White Cone Yarn.
• Spinning: Tow

Picture: Raw White Hank Yarn Picture: Raw White Cone Yarn
 P a g e | 27

4.2.1: Import to In-house Process of Dyes & Chemicals for Yarn Dyeing:
Dyes & Chemicals are important for getting the actual yarn the buyer wants. The overall
process of import to the in-house process of dyes and chemicals for yarn dyeing is given as a
flow chart for better understanding:
Figure: 9: Import to In-house Process of Dyes & Chemicals for Yarn Dyeing

Union Limited

Dyes & Chemicals

Analysis The Requisition

Requisition for Purchase from Factory Omit The Excess Requisition

Process Requisition After Analysis

Country wise “Quality,

Supplier
Shipment Preference, etc”
Sourcing

Comparative
Price Collection
Statement (C.S)

Target Setting-up

Price, Shipment, Quality,

Negotiation
Quantity, etc.

Proforma Invoice (PI) Collect

Purchase Order

Internal Approval
Certification
Bank (L.C)

Shipment Schedule

Shipping Documents

Release Goods from Port

Inhouse to Warehouse Store

 P a g e | 28

The flow chart refers to the import processing of Dyes & Chemical. Dyes & Chemicals are
highly important and fundamental needs for a textile division of an organization. Perfect dyes
and chemicals can make the perfect product. The division of textiles in Union Group of
Companies Limited is importing its dyes and chemicals.

The first procedure of import dyes and chemicals is getting the requisition for purchase from
the factory. After getting the requisition, the management of the supply chain will follow
three stages for confirming the requisition such as:
• Analysis of the requisition.
• Omit the excess requisition.
• Process requisition after analysis.

Then they follow the same way of the import to the in-house process of yarn dyeing. But a
little change is it will not sell to any other buyer. It will directly in-house to the warehouse
store. After that, the officers and workers will take the dyes and chemicals for making their
yarn as per the buyer’s recommendation.

4.2.2: Import Status Dyes & Chemicals for Yarn Dyeing:

When the organization wants to import dyes & chemicals for Yarn Dyeing, that time they
follow an import status where all information regarding dyes & chemicals is available. For
that status, the organization takes decisions like how much they need to import. In the import
status they follow a format where some important information is available for instance:

Serial Number, Commodity, Specification, Product Detail, Supplier Name, Department Head,
Local Agent Detail, PI Month, PI Week, PI Number, Date, P.O Number, Document Status,
LC Number, LC Terms, Promise Shipment Date, Unit Price, LC Quantity, LC Value, Invoice
Number, B/L Number, B/L Date, Shipment Quantity, Shipment Value, Forwarder, TOS, Ship
Mode, CBM, Container Size, Container Quantity, Country of Origin, Shipment Available
Date, In- House Date, Operation Duration, Shipment Received (Month), Stock Quantity,
Stock Value, etc.

Here two things must be followed. Such as:

1) Harmonizing System (H.S) should be maintained.
2) Born Hence must be followed. If it is not available, there must be a tax for release. But the
authority tries not to go in that way.
 P a g e | 29

4.3: Objective-3: Export (Yarn Dyeing) process (es) of Union Limited:

A yarn dyeing process is an interaction between a dye and a fiber, as well as the movement of
dye into the internal part of the fiber. Generally, dyeing involves adsorption (transfer of dyes
from the aqueous solution onto the fiber surface) and diffusion (dyes diffused into the fiber).

The overall process of yarn dyeing (export) is given below:

Figure: 10: Export (Yarn Dyeing) Process (es) of Union Limited.

Union Limited

Yarn

Export

Buyer

Swatch send to Marketing Person

Send To Factory Lab

Lab Dip

Lab Dip Send to Buyer

A B C

Shade Approval from Lab Dip

Sample Dying Factory

Send To Buyer

Sample Approval from Buyer Ex: 50,000 Pound

Bulk Production
 P a g e | 30

The first stage of the export process of supply chain management of sample approval from
the buyer of the organization is to identify the buyer. Firstly, the buyer will send a swatch to
the marketing person of the supply chain in the textile division. Then they will send that
swatch to the factory lab. After that, the workers of the factory lab will do the lab dip for
getting the actual color, quality, etc. A lab dip is a dyed fabric sample made to meet the color
standards of a designer. It is generally developed by a dye house or a color lab. The purpose
of a lab dip is to give a designer an idea of what the fabric color will look like for
manufacturing. Then the lab dip will send to the buyer.

In the lab dip, they will invent some category of the swatch. Such as categories A, B, and C.
After that, the lab dip approves the shade. Which is also known as Shade Approval from lab
dip. The purpose of the lab dip approval is that it should be developed to ensure its design
will match the required colors. The designer needs to see the appearance of the color and
shade before going for actual garment production. If the designer likes the shade, lap dip is
approved.

Then the sample dyeing from the factory. Such as 5 pounds or 10 pounds. Then it goes to the
buyer for final approval. If the buyer approves, they order a large quantity such as 30,000
pounds, 50,000 pounds, 70,000 pounds, etc.
 P a g e | 31

4.3.1: Export of Hank Yarn & Cone Yarn:

Though the quality of Hank Yarn & Cone Yarn same depends on the given quality order from
the buyer. But it is important to know that the difference between Hank Yarn & Cone Yarn
is that Hank Yarn is less expensive but it has some difficulties using when the buyers take it.
But the Cone Yarn is easy to use. As well as it is more expensive than the Hank Yarn.

Another thing is, when Cone needs by the buyer, the buyer will order his exact type of quality
cone. For instance, if the buyer will order Bengali Cone, it will take 2.10 BDT to 3.50 BDT.
As well as if the buyer will order a Chinese cone, then it will take 4.15 BDT to 6.50 BDT.
The price depends on the quality. But according to the quality between Bengali Cone &
Chinese Cones, we can say that the Chinese cone is far better than Bengali Cone. Though
there are some more different cones from different countries.

Most of the time big organizations or big companies order Cone Yarn because it is easy to
use and it reduces production time. As well as they have well turnover and wealth. For this
reason of that, they don’t need to take Hank Yarn.

4.3.2: Bulk Production of the export process of Yarn Dyeing:

After getting approval from the buyer, such as when the lab dip confirms the actual color of
the Yarn, the buyer confirms the actual amount of production. Bulk production refers to the
final and actual product in the fashion industry. Most enterprises choose manufacturers based
on their ability in the Bulk Production Process. After getting the final requisition from the
buyer, the supply chain management proceeds their formal way and the factory gets the
approval of how much production they need to produce. For example, A buyer got 5 pounds
or 10 pounds of yarn for a sample, but when they give the order, it may produce such as
50,000 pounds, 80,000 pounds, etc.

This is the overall processing of sample approval from the buyer of the organization when
they need yarn.
 P a g e | 32

4.3.3: Customs Bond for Yarn Export:

Customs Bond is a shipping system. Custom Bond refers to some factories or organizations
that apply to the government authority (Customs) for Tax- free shipping. It is also known that
the organization can import products to export those products again. Organizations cannot
use it for their own need or they cannot sell it locally. That means the organization will do a
Re-export. There are some conditions for being bonded organization. The government will
give the facility to the organization if the organization will fulfill the conditions for being
bonded organization. It has a big issue when an organization is re-export, that time the
organization is getting foreign money to the country. So, it’s a good thing for the economic
sector also. Union Limited is also a bonded organization. For this reason, they don’t need to
pay any tax when they are doing re-export business.

When the organization does a re-export business with a custom bond, that time government
will take a record with two parts. Such as imports and exports. When the organization
submits documents for re-export, a number known as a Bill of Entry is created. The number
may for instance: BOE C1256. Customs tracks by this serial number. When a product entered
the port, that time by this number customs can take their record that the organization has got
this amount of product by export for re-export. This is also important that the record also be
available for the organization too through the register paper. When the organization releases
those products, the organization enters those data into the bond entry paper. In this case, what
is my consumption, the organization has to give the information to the customs?
 P a g e | 33

As we already know that we have 2 units for the textile division. Such as Sam REE &
Daeyu. Sam Ree supplies yarn. Sam Ree has ordered China for 50,000 pounds of yarn. Here
suppose ZARA has ordered Sam Ree they will need 20,000 pounds of yarn. Now Sam Ree
will supply yarn to ZARA’s local factory. The local factory will export products to the
ultimate buyer. After confirming the order, the local buyer will give Sam Ree a Proforma
Invoice (PI). After getting the PI, Sam Ree will open a Master LC. After creating the Master
LC, the buyer will create another LC which is known as Back-to-Back LC. In against this
LC, when the buyer’s bank will get this LC, the factory will make a Utilization Declaration
(UD). It will also be recorded by the customs. From BGMEA, the factory will get this UD. It
means that the factory will declare that the factory got an order for several amounts of
products, it will need some sort of material, etc. It provides the buyer. After getting the UD,
Sam Ree will take a Utilization Permission (UP) from customs. After negotiating the price,
the buyer will get the Master LC and after that, he will give me another LC and this is known
as Back-to-Back LC. After getting the UP from customs, Sam Ree will give the information
to the customs that they are exporting 20,000 pounds of yarn to ZARA’s local factory. The
rest of the 30,000 pounds of yarn will be in the stock. Sometimes customs will follow up with
the factory for those 30,000 pounds of yarn. Because these yarns are for exporting. The
organization cannot sell it to the local market.
 P a g e | 34

4.3.4: Sales vs Stock Coverage (Yarn export process):

Stock coverage is an inventory management formula that lets you know the exact amount of
inventory available in your warehouse to cover demand. Here the sales depend on the stock
coverage also. The organization follows a format of sales and stock coverage. By maintaining
that format, the organization takes decisions about sales. Here Days of Stock (DOS) should
be maintained. A sample picture of Sales vs Stock Coverage is given below:

Figure: 11: Sales vs Stock Coverage Official Format.

4.3.5: Distribution:

The distribution system of Union Limited is a very complex affair because the supply is not to
meet immediate demand – it is to replenish stock at the immediate customer location, which
in turn will be used to fulfill demand. But the complexity of the distribution network presents
itself in the form of an opportunity – because the perfectly effective and efficient distribution
system can be a strong comparative advantage. The products of Union Limited are not served
directly to the customers; but via retailers.

International Distribution
Factory Store Customer
Warehouse Centre
 P a g e | 35

Distribution management refers to the process of overseeing the movement of goods from
supplier or manufacturer to point of sale. It is an overarching term that refers to numerous
activities and processes such as packaging, inventory, warehousing, supply chain, and
logistics. The company maintains strategically located sales centers in different locations
across the world. The distribution system is capable of handling the continuing volume of a
diverse range of products from various businesses.

4.4: Findings:

During the internship period, I found some major factors about the Supply Chain
Management Process in the Textile Division of Union Limited procedure of Union Group of
Companies Limited. Such as-

1. Room for innovation is limited but profit maximization is high.

2. Improvisation of technological advancement is lower than the other company is fine to
focus advancement product and services. Ex: Lack of Robotics, AI, IoT. For this reason, the
buyer & supplier have to work with direct interaction.
3. Sometimes the department of supply chain management faces lead time problems. For that
reason, customers feel dissatisfied. For that reason, customers can reject their deal with the
organization.
4. Some machines are old. That’s why some employees are dissatisfied to work.
5. Diversification of suppliers and vendor is low. The scope of exploration is less.
6. Does not have a proper plan for the exploration of the sector of the supply chain.
 P a g e | 36

4.5: SWOT Analysis:

We know SWOT means Strength, Weakness, Opportunities & Threats. The Supply Chain
Management department of the textile division of Union Limited’s SWOT has been given
below:

Figure: 12: SWOT Analysis of the textile division’s Supply Chain Management of Union Limited

Strength
➢ Union Limited has strong sources
of vendors from different countries.
➢ It has strong reliability to the Weakness
clients.
➢ Sufficient production capacity ➢ Delay in case of delivering sample.
within the factory. ➢ High transportation cost.
➢ Having experienced & dynamic
management officials to conduct
the production process effectively.
➢ The organization always follows
proper supply chain management.

SWOT

Threats Opportunities
➢ Production of high-quality yarn
➢ Increased competition with local
dyeing.
textile industries.
➢ Production of the high-quality
➢ Political unrest is a notable threat to
export sweater.
the smooth functioning of advance
➢ The textile industry has the fastest
Textile Ltd.
growth rate among the RMG
➢ The rising price of raw materials.
sectors.
➢ Cancelation of buyer’s order.
➢ Great possibility to increase the
➢ Bill of Exchange entry restriction. infrastructural development of
➢ The rising price of raw material. Bangladesh.
➢ Labor cost and sound cooperation
have always been an opportunity
for the textile sector.
 P a g e | 37

Chapter: 5
Conclusion & Recommendation
 P a g e | 38

5.1: Conclusion:
Bangladesh is currently excelling in the textiles sector by holding the top position in the
world, and it also stands at the juncture of economic emancipation. The stage is set for rapid
growth and development in every sector of the economy. According to my report, and from
my experiences in the internship period, I would like to suggest that if we can establish a
good chain of supply then we can get the best return from every sector since Supply Chain
Management is not fully a familiar concept to people in our country, and the fact that the
people who are working in an organization have to know and understand the proper system of
the supply chain. Supply chain management is essential since it can aid in achieving several
corporate goals and in controlling production procedures; for example, it can enhance product
quality while lowering the likelihood of recalls, legal action, and assisting in the development
of a powerful consumer brand. A supply chain is the network of all the personnel, businesses,
resources, tasks, and technological advancements involved in producing and circulating a
satisfactory result. An entire supply chain is included, from the procurement of raw materials
to the producer, and the final destination- delivery for the customers. This report has
identified the overall process of Supply Chain Management in the textile division of Union
Limited. As Union Limited is currently holding a significant position in the textile
manufacturing division; it will help to know the overall supply chain process system. Union
Limited is a group of companies dedicated to “Delivering the Best” for the people of
Bangladesh and many other sectors worldwide. It offers clients long-term competitive
advantage service, on-time, and slightly elevated project completion, as well as follow-up
service to guarantee a satisfactory experience.
 P a g e | 39

5.2: Recommendations:

I find that there are quite a few issues associated with Union Limited. If the problems are
resolved, Union Limited will be more a widely known, complain-free company with a better
profit. Here are some suggestions and opinions I think will make the best even better and help
overcome some obstacles:

1. There should be Room for Innovation. The department should not only give attention to
profit maximization but focus on Innovation as well since it can make a good reputation
and also can provide an even more profit.
2. Technological advancement should be present in the supply chain management
department; Such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), IoT, and Robotics, since according to the
competitive advantage, other developed and renowned organizations are trying to
advance in these sectors and the fact that technology could cut down on some costs
making it a great investment for Union Limited to look into it as well.
3. The organization should be more cautious and give attention to lead time because
considerable lead time leads to customer dissatisfaction, rather they should emphasize
downstream networks as they are directly involved with customers.
4. The supply chain management department should be vigilant in solving customer
problems with prompt responses.
5. New machines should be implemented in the factories since it will save more costs,
produce higher quality goods more efficiently, and also provide employee satisfaction.
6. The organization should focus, maintain, and develop on the future exploration of the
supply chain.
7. Comparative Statement (CS) should make between more than three or five
companies/organizations. It can give a more competitive advantage.
8. Reduction of the raw material price compared to competitors in the national and
international markets.
9. The organization should maintain port rent and demurrage charges at the least percentage
for cost savings.
 P a g e | 40

Chapter: 6
Internship Experience
 P a g e | 41

6.1: Internship Experience:

After many findings, I got the opportunity to do an internship at Union Group of Companies
Limited in the textile division, department of Supply Chain Management. I found Mr.
Kamrul, Deputy General Manager (DGM) of supply chain management in the textile division
as my organization supervisor. As well as Musa Kazem, Assistant Manager, HR of Union
Group. He offered me to join as an intern with the Supply Chain Management department.

I did my internship at Union Centre at 68/1 Gulshan Avenue, Dhaka, 1212 from September
12, 2022. I found my internship at Union Limited very refreshing and unique. I was
pleasantly surprised by how all the Supply Chain Management department employees, even
the HR administrators, work together and help one another, which is rare to me in my
experience.

I worked there regularly with regular employees. All employees were so friendly and
whenever I need any information or knowledge regarding my internship report, they tried to
give their best effort face to face even by phone call. I didn’t see any antitumoral face to
them.

Working with Union Limited, my experience has been extremely positioned. Everyone has
been so helpful and positive. They helped me a lot.

6.1.1: The type of work I accomplished:

I have done different types of work. Such as
✓ Making Comparative Statement (CS)
✓ Making Purchase Order (PO).
✓ Tracking containers.
✓ Dealing with vendors.
✓ Maintaining Requisitions.
✓ Data entry.
 P a g e | 42

6.1.2: Work environment of Union Limited:

The work environment of Union Limited is great. Employees are very supportive, polite, and
active. The organization always maintains its rules and policy. The overall institution is very
neat and clean and air-conditioned. So that it creates a good environment to work. All
departments are responsible for their responsibilities.

6.1.3: Experience related to working and people meet:

The internship experience was very interesting and challenging. Because during the
internship time I worked at a full-time employer and worked 6 days a week and sometimes
full days a week. I have tried to maintain my duty during my internship and successfully done
my work. My duty as a service provider every day would discuss the premium package with
different suppliers and buyers. I have also visited the factory. Also faced different people
with different occupation person from different places. Every day I worked at the desk.

6.1.4: Significant pleasant incidents with company supervisor & colleagues:

During my internship time, I regularly worked there, and some pleasant incidents happened
with different people. Nevertheless, I was not upset because my supervisor Mr. Kamrul
Hasan, Deputy General Manager (DGM) of supply chain management in the textile division
always teach me how can handle unpleasant situations and he is very friendly with me.
Besides my colleagues were awesome, supportive, and friendly. Willingly they offered me to
teach different types of sectors about supply chain management as well as to participate with
dealers. In this case, I gathered different types of knowledge about negotiation, contracts, and
supply chain processing. I enjoyed quality time with my colleagues.
 P a g e | 43

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4. Incoterms Explained: Free on Board (FOB) | Customs Support. (n.d.).

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