History of Special Education

- - - - - - -

      

● American School for the Deaf

 , 

● Perkins

Institution for the Blind opens.

● Law Mandating Compulsory Education



● Columbia

Institution

● Association

of Instructors of the Blind

● Plessy

vs. Ferguson

● Beattie

v. Board of Education

● Council for Exceptional Children

 , 

● The Bradly Home



● Cuyahoga

Council for Retarted Citizens

● Classification

of Autism

● National Association for Retarded Citizens

 , 

● Brown v. Board of Education

 , 

● Elementary and Secondary Education Act

 , 

● Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

 , 

● In
the Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Colombia
, 

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 ● First Center for Independent Living Opens
 , 
Section 504
●  , 

● Education

for All Handicapped Children Act

● Least

Restrictive Environment

● Board of Ed. Of HHCD V. Rowley

 , 

● Handicapped Children’s Protection Act

 , 

● Americans with Disabilities Act

 , 

● IDEA
 , 

● No Child Left Behind Act

 , 

● IDEA Reauthorized
 , 

Events

● American School for the Deaf

 ,  The American School for the Deaf id founded in Hartford, Connecticut. This was
the first school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere

● Perkins Institution for the Blind opens.

 The Perkin Institution was founded in Boston, Massachusetts. This institution the
first of its kind for people with mental disabilities. Participants were required to live
and learn there, just like a boarding school.

● Law Mandating Compulsory Education

 Rhode Island passed a law mandating compulsory education for all children.
Compulsory education is education in which children are required by law to
receive and for governments to provide.

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● Columbia Institution
 Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was allowed to grant
college degrees by the U.S. Congress. It was the first college in the world
established for people with disabilities.

● Association of Instructors of the Blind

 The school for the Deaf and the School for the Blind offer comprehensive
educational programs for hearing impaired and visually impaired students.

● Plessy vs. Ferguson

 The Supreme Court upheld the Louisan separate car act. Though this is not
directly related to education, this did set the precedence of separate but equal.

● Beattie v. Board of Education

 Special needs students were expelled from school due to facial abnormalities and
drooling. The students mental capacities were fine, but teachers and fellow
students were nauseated by this student physical conditions.

● Council for Exceptional Children

 ,  The Council for Exceptional Children is the first advocacy group for children with
disabilities. The CEC is one of the largest special education advocacy groups. The
main objective of this group is to ensure that children with special needs receive
FAPE.

● The Bradly Home

 The Bradly Home, the first psychiatric hospital for children in the United States. It
was
Established in East Providence, Rhode Island

● Cuyahoga Council for Retarted Citizens

 A Parental Advocacy Group composed of five mothers of children with mental
retardation who came to Cuyahoga, Ohio to protest their children’s exclusion from
public schools. This lead to the establishment of a special class for the children,
even though the parents sponsored it.

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● Classification of Autism
 The classification of Autism was introduced by Dr. Leo Lanner of John Hopkins
University.

● National Association for Retarded Citizens

 ,  The National Association for Retarded Citizens came about. NARC was formed by
23 individual advocacy groups that had the same belief so they came together as
one. During the passing of IDEA, the NARC consisted of over 200,000 members.
NARC helped with litigation and making sure that all parts of the judicial process
were met.

● Brown v. Board of Education

 ,  A landmark court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson case saying that
“Separate is not equal”. This court case brought attention to black v. white’s in
school and special need students v. general education students. This case
encouraged the formation of many advocacy groups to inform the public of need
of special education programs.

● Elementary and Secondary Education Act

 ,  The ESEA did not make it law to educate students with disabilities but it did give
grants to state school sand institutions that put into place programs to educate
students with disabilities.

● Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

 ,  Sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run
institutions. PARC v. Penn called for students with disabilities to be places in
publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs, based
on a proper and through evaluation.

● In the Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Colombia

 ,  The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia students classified as
“Exceptional”. This includes those with mental and learning disabilities and
behavioral issues. This ruling made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to
deny these individuals access to publicly funded educational opportunity.

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● First Center for Independent Living Opens
 ,  This center was made at UC Berkley by Ed Roberts to support the needs of
individuals with disabilities so they can live independently and away from nursing
homes and other institutions.

● Section 504
 ,  Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allows protection from discrimination of
special needs and disabilities. Tis law is considered the first law giving protection
to students with special needs. This law includes FAPE and LRE. Students are
eligible when they have either a physical or mental disability that inhibits their
learning experience.

● Education for All Handicapped Children Act

 This act made sure that all students with disabilities are educated in public
schools. EAHCA included providing free educations, special education for children
3-21, supplemental services, due process, zero reject, and least restrictive
environment.

● Least Restrictive Environment

 Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) means that with a student’s IEP , they must
also be in as many regular education classes as possible. This ensures that the
student has social experiences. In LRE classrooms paras and aids are usually
required.

● Board of Ed. Of HHCD V. Rowley

 ,  A landmark case that designed the Rowley Two-Part test in determining whether
FAPE is being met according to a student IEP. The two part test consists of
questions asking if the school fulfilled the procedures of IDEA and “is the IEP
developed through the procedures of the act”. If these two questions are
answered correctly, then FAPE and IDEA have been met.

● Handicapped Children’s Protection Act

 ,  Signed by Ronald Regan the Handicapped Children’s Protection Act was a law
that gave parents of children with disabilities more say in the development of their
child’s Individual Education Plan (IEP)

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● Americans with Disabilities Act
 , 
The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by President George W.
Bush. The act promises people with special needs will have the same rights as
everybody else. This includes both school and work. This act also stated that
people with special needs cannot be discriminated against in schools, the
workplace, and everyday society such as public transportation.

● IDEA
 ,  The individuals with disabilities Education Act was also signed into law by George
W. Bush. This law includes 6 pillars: FAPE, LRE, IEP, evaluation, parent/student
participation, and all procedural safeguards for participants. This law also has 4
sections.

● No Child Left Behind Act

 ,  No Child Left Behind was signed into law by President George W. Bush. This law
states that all students should be proficient in math and reading by 2014. This law
had some states asking to not be part of it. Some schools have been caught
falsifying scores while others took it seriously and reported if they were not
proficient.

● IDEA Reauthorized
 ,  The re-authorization of IDEA made many changes to the original. The changes
include the IEP, due process, and student discipline.

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