USING APPROPRIATE TRANSITIONS AND SIGNALS IN VARIOUS PATTERNS OF

IDEA DEVELOPMENT

Time Frame: 1 hour

Prepared by: Azineth A. Dayson

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students will have been able to:
 Identify patterns of idea development through grammatical signals and connectors.
 Determine the grammatical signals and transitions in a paragraph.
 Use appropriate grammatical signals and transitions in completing a sentence.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Using Appropriate Transitions and Signals in Various Patterns of Idea Development
Reference: English 8- Quarter 4 Module 1
Materials: Visual Aids

III. PROCEDURE
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
a. Preliminary Activities:
 __________please lead the prayer.
 Good morning class! Before we start, * Good morning Ma'am!
kindly pick up the pice of paper under
your chair if there is and check your
chair alignment. Thank you.
 Let's check your attendance, please tell
me the seat number of the absentees.
b. Motivation: Word Search
 Once again, good morning class!
Before we start our lesson, let us do
some sort of game that I know you are
all familiar with this. Our game is called
Word Search, you know what is word
search? Quite familiar?
First, kindly check your chair and look
for a piece of paper pasted on it. After
you found the paper, search that word
on the table pasted on the board, just
encircle the word you found. If you got
three stars it means a bonus.
Understand? Let's start.
c. Motive Question:
 Good job class! You did great! Before
 we continue, I have a question for you.
“What would happen to the paragraphs
or sentences if we don’t have transition
and signal words?” Just save your
answer and after our discussion we are
going to answer that.
d. Discussion:
Welcome to your 4th quarter of your
lesson. Today, we are going to talk
about your first module in this quarter
which is usung appropriate transitions
and signals in various patterns of idea
development.
 So a while ago you did some sort of
game, right? And in that game your
searched for some certain words. Did * Student will read.
you know that those words that you've
searched is what we called transitions
and signals.
 But what is transitions and signals?
__________ please read.
Thank you.
 A transition or linking word is a word
or phrase that shows the relationship
between paragraphs or section of a text
or speech. These transitional devices or
signals serve as bridges between parrts
of your paper. They are cues that help
the reader to interpret ideas. Through
these transitions and signals, readers
can be able to follow the flows of ideas
in the text. Without transitional devices
it would be hard for the readers to
follow the writer's idea and aince
transitional devices and signals are
words that connect sentences together
to form a well written text, without the
use of transitional words it would result
to unorganized paragraphs.
 Here are some example of transitional
devices:
First, Second, third, lats after all, for
example, for instance, specifically, as a
result, therefore, to summarize and etc. * Student will read.
 However, these transitional devices
have different purposes, it depends
upon what pattern of idea development
you are going to write.
 But what is idea development?
Well, idea development is a sequence of
ideas or the organization of all the
informations that you are going to
include in your paragraph.
 Now, let's discuss the three patterns of
idea development.
First, General to Particular
 ________ read it loudly.
Well, General to Particular is an idea
development used in paragraph or essay
where in it talks about the general idea
first and then in the latter part of the
paragraph, it talks about the topic in a
very specific point.
 Here are some of the transitional
devices used in this idea development:
Generally, primarily, in general, for
instance, for example, specifically... *Ma'am, For instance
 Overpopulation and finding ways to
reduce it are big concerns of many
developing nations today. One nation
that is concerned about this issue is
India. One of the biggest causes of
overpopulation in India is the high
infant mortality rate. Parents often have
more children because they are fearful
that if some children die, there won't be
enough children to take care of them in
their old age. India is taking some
important steps in dealing with this
problem. For instance, Indian
government are providing birth control
for women, improving pre-natal care, *Student will read.
and educating women on the benefits of
having fewer children, these are some
of the specific steps of Indian
government to reduce their population.
 Who can identify the transitional device
used in this sample?
Very good. So we used for instance in
this example to provide specific steps
on how Indian government took a way
to reduce their population.
In the first sentence of the example it
introduces first the main topic which is
all aboutthe overpopulation and also as
you can observe it is a general
statement because it talks about the
overpopulation in many nations. In the
next sentences this is what we called
supporting details where in it tells us
the reason of the overpopulation in
India. And in the last sentence of the
text, through the use of transition "for
instance" it tells us the ways to reduce
population which is it is also the
specific points of the topic.
*As a result, Ma'am.
Understand?
 Next idea development, Cause-Effect
Relationship
________ please read.
 Cause and Effect is a relationship
between events or things, where one is
*Answers vary
 the result of the other. This is a
combination of action and reaction.
A cause and effect paragraph is a
paragraph that answers the question
"why". We know that many actions do * Answers vary
not occur without a reason, and that the
effects of these actions can be either
positive or negative. When we write a
cause and effect paragraph, we are
trying to understand or explain things
that happen in our lives. In the
paragraph, there will be reasons backing
up the topic, as well as supporting
details that go with each of the reasons.
 And these are the transitional devices
that can be use in giving causes and
effects:
Because, therefore, that, in order,
since, so that, and if, then, as a result,
due to, evidently, thus...

 For example:
When people cut down trees to clear
land, they destroy the habitats of birds.
This reduces the number of nest sites.
As a result, fewer baby birds are
hatched, and the bird population
declines.
__________ can you please identify the
transitional device used in the
paragraph?
 Very good! We used as a result to show
the effects of the certain action.
However, we should always remember
that there are times that a cause may
not just produce one effect but can
result to many effects just like in our
example.
 Now, who can identify first the cause?
Very good!
So in here, we have one cause and four
effects.
Cause 1: People cut down trees. *Answers vary
Effect 1: The habitats of birds are
destroyed.
*Answers vary
Effect 2: The number of nest sites is
reduced.
Effect 3: Fewer baby birds are hatched.
Effect 4: The bird population declines.
 Remember that the cause-and-effect
essay can be organized in one of the
following two primary ways:
* Start with the cause and the talk about
the effects.
*Start with the effect and then talk
about the causes
 Did you understand?
 Okay let's move on to our last idea
development, comparison and contrast
 It is one of the most common type of
idea development in which you focus
on the ways in which certain things or
ideas are similar to or different from
one another.
Comparison- is all about the differences
of the two things or ideas.
Contrast- is all about the differences of
the two.
 Here are some of transition words:
Similarly, in like manner, differences,
in contrast to, the same, both,
similarity, alike ...
 For example:
My hometown and my college town
have several things in common. First,
they both have a number of population.
Approximately my hometown and my
college town has a population of 10,
000 people. Second, my hometown and
college town are both located in rural
areas. However, despite their
similarities they also differ from each
other. In contrast to my college town,
my hometown doesn't have any college
school. Another difference is that my
hometown focuses preparing youths on
how to grow vegetables and crops while
my college town focuses on producing
professionals.

 Who can tell us the similarities of the

two?
Yes,________.
Very good.
 How about their differences?
Yes,________.
Okay, very good.
 Then, what are the transitional devices
used?
In this idea development, it is up to you
if you are going to discuss first their
similarities followed by their
differences or their differences first
followed by their similarities.

e. Generalization:
 In general, transitions and signals are
words or phrases that connects
sentences together, its role is like a
bridge in order to link one sentence to
another sentence. These transitions and
signals are very important and each of
 them have their own purpose depending
on what idea development you are
going to use. Idea development as we
have discussed three types: the General
to Particular, Cause and Effect
Relationship, and Comparison and
Contrast.
So a while ago before we start our
lesson I asked you a question.
And now we are going to answer that,
again what would happen to the
paragraphs or sentences if we do not
have transition and signal words?
As I have said earlier, transitional
devices is a bridge to connect sentences
together in order to have an organized
paragraph. When you use them, you
make it easier for your readers to
understand how your thoughts and ideas
are connected. Without the help of the
transitional devices the reader would be
confused about the flow of the text and
would lead to misunderstanding the
message of the writer. Without them,
your text is a collection of a sentence.
 So, now that we are already done with
our discussion I assume that you
understand our lesson. Now get a sheet
of paper and answer the following.

IV. EVALUATION
A. Choose the letter of the word that correctly identifies the appropriate transition in order to
complete the sentence.
1. If you're having company for dinner, try to get as much done in advance as possible.
_________, set the table the day before.
a. For instance
b. In contrast
c. Similarly

2. Larry will probably be a late bloomer socially, _____________ his older brother.
a. Because
b. just like
c. Moreover
3. There are ways you can make boring tasks more pleasant. ____________bring a portable radio
and listen to music on the earphones while you work.
a. Consequently
b. Such as
c. For instance

4. Running can make people more aware of their physical surroundings, ____________ the scent
of honeysuckle or the changing moods of the trees.
a. So
b. Such as
c. nevertheless

5. McDonald's should be considered a healthy restaurant because they offer water, fruit and
salad. ____________ they have a few healthy options on the menu, McDonald's should not
overall be considered "healthy" because the vast majority of their options are greasy, fried and
high in calories.
a. Even though
b. Similarly
c For example

B. Read the paragraph below. Identify the pattern of idea development (General to Particular,
Cause-Effect Relationship, Comparison and Contrast) used in each paragraph. And underline
the transitional devices used in each paragraph.
1. You already know that there are major differences between a house and a nest. In contrast to a
house, a nest is small and has only one room. Another difference is that a house is typically for
humans while a nest is for birds. However. you may be surprised to know that they both have
things in common. For instance, both nests and houses provide shelter. Another similarity is
that both use trees in their construc tion. Birds use sticks and twigs while humans use lambers
from trees.
2. The impact that global warming causing on earth is extremely serious. There are many
hazardous effects that will happen in the future if global warming continues. For instance.
melting of polar ice caps, leading to an increase in sea level drowning coastlines and slowly
submerging continents are some of the specific effects of global warming.
3.
V. Assignment:
Identify the cause and effect in each sentence. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
1. She was mad at me because I forgot to bring my own art materials.
2. Since it is raining hard, I have to cancel my appointment.
3. The speaker was insulted, so he left the room right away.
4. When the river is extremely polluted, it dies.
5. Anna always accomplishes her work before the deadline, therefore, she is now promoted.