AIGIANG PHUONG TRINH WAM DA THC MIM Bai 1 (3rd round Iranian mathematical Olympiad, 2015, Algebra exam, Problem 5). Tim tat ca cac da thiic hé sé thuc P(x) thoa man P(5x)?-3 =P (5x7 +1), AT oe OC COO OO SO 3 =t 5 sta sted Gi, eC eo Thay ae @ Aut 07-3 = Ge cr-c-3=0 i. ; ones EATS ry ce cra ze 7 OCU ES aE a Ce Oe SEE Sa TW cho x= & Pa el aca Proae eae) 1G ee OL ae) CGY ere an 63) Pn or GN See e® ae an eo eo > PG) -c= & Sx)" QU), Va QO ERIK], Q(Fx) $0 Va Po) = @ Ly @ eC aes a er) Ce , (Cee TeL ol ee Cras reer tees Pea (e ar) aCe ram Kn COE CCC cr) re CEr CaL MCLGs cae etd & 5” (eo) QW) + Le QR) = 4 d)*QlSx44) @Sr Uke eo Gar CH Tat (Cr a C9 ea UC Geez) & te Q(Sx) = Bx ACTH) oem eO le 423, = ‘Co =y (Ca ww oles) Nii oral Pn ve ye car AT ba Re Vi eee PWwe= aa Sn oie Cach 9-Néu P la da thtic hang, hay P(x) = c, thi 14 V13 2-c-3=08¢ Bay gid ta gia str P(x) khac da thiic hing. Dat deg P(x) = d va P(x) = ay + a1x-+ ny\d 5yyd-1 2 (a4(5x)4 + 04-4(52) (5x) + 0) =ay(5x? +1)4 + ag 4(5x7 +1)4! Tix (2), so sanh hé s6 ctia x™ Shai vé ta duge Hé sé ctia x4 * 6 vé trai ctia (2) la 2% 54ay_154 1. ve phai cia (2) thi x24! hign 6 ag(5x2 + 1)4, ma ay(5x2 Q(x] nén 1 =reQaaii1€Q Hé sé cita x4? 6 vé trai cia (2) 1a 204! O ve phai ctia (2) thi x” 6 thé xuat hién & (5x2 +1)! + ag (5x2 + Qh] nén 2045!4ag_254? + 035°") € Q = ay_2 € Q. Tuong ty, ta suy ra P(x) € Q(x]. Ta cd 545 Sr = 5x27 +1 5x2 -5r+1=06% us 10 Tar (2) ch St VF aa fir (2) cho x = 10 ta dugeDo P(x) €Q nen P ( aa ) 9 + qV5 voi p va q la nhimg sé hitu ti; mau th Vay céc da thite théa man yéu cit Bai 2. Tim tat ca cdc da thtfe bac lé P(x) € = R[x] thoa man: P(x? +1) = (P(x))? +1, Vx ER. a N@ ire by -x trdde POt+i) = (EX +4¥xeR TY GC) Syra poo = pen, NxER > (PO)- PCD \(pw + pH) =9 WxrER ® WO sya i) La a POV= PEW) P(x) + POHX) phar oo U mC RL RMN Se IN Ven 116 ied 4 Get CANO eon a es POW), eae = Pr) Ahem ch —> PG) = QG?), vi QW ERK] y Bit 7 ae aie Ceca Ce No PO) + PCX) aS CO pe hcoen dae ee eels a) Th ay aero 7) nee P(® <9. W@ of PW = pO*+4)= pd = 4 (Oe R(444) = parts = 2 C/E a COC SO Re SES EE aL Bary Ce um nar To (4) aro) res [ra CO ee OC Ue Q 7 ACD a an co CO OUD a GRD AUC EES rere yy ere @ ae Le gO oe ye OTN AC TOOT) otOrc © Sere 16) nee ne NO ot Ce Le ae NOG: ECC 2D CORES OO ORE Fa PT oF “S mi Ce ae ea 1 va thoa man Bai 3. Tim cdc da thtte P(x) € R[x] 6 deg(P) > ) Ge ey Pls) =o Tee ORC ae a WTC CO Laa5 re Ta? Ls POFo. WO Syre PON = PCD, Yr eR aoe Yo yIT po al ey its = OR Oa. Cae 16 a Go FR LOE 3) nr ea] wha} wap Art of wd po aad NG ID + PCN) S VE ST vrs Coa Ge ESE <2 ber Olek Res Nay PO) — POO v8 ST nyhide Sn dee Goya ek > P@= AG), NxreER, wh QW ERE] @ The, @ Roa One er oe I aa ) meres es ak rat (6) x2) te hae ACK) = QCE-A). ke TS Om H (G+ 4) + 4) = H(t+d)*> +4, NxER @) Io Hy top Vater ize) Cv si’ phat mi 7 @ on Cae) Chee ac ee aa GS) Na #@=0 fi HG)=% NrER SoS (Co Cen) koa s=> PR =QAG°*) = x44. rae Cre EO R SN Tee ee RMN CN NCR aC OEE COLD 4, Ce+4) = a ce ieway - SO cirms bo ben al SNR Sec Rete ee Ta Oo De waueeks x Ae we da de Had oo. ; oral aC Ce CO OG RRCTE RCCL i TE CR COR Ca OSE Ke) Sea AC « x4) cary Pgs? aoe Cec) eee © Airy a no (PC Lee Cr Leven eal 2) Sa CO OO AC) ene CO) GIS Poy ee OD vk we 6294. om ec he aC Cae i oa ee eS Gere AUCre al Some Cra Wd eh @ & = im CG ayes 1) = mace Pop re id ce oan Do do’ a (44) eS coer cee an Ge @. Ce vay mney ream) NT eer anh keh Rute: Ta Gal ar ul Red ee era eae GY =H P= cae = AG) = Cera x)(r, Bai 4. Cho so nguyén k > 2. Tim ta ic da thtte P(x) hé so thuc théa man 1) = P(x*) P(2x -1) accent y Pre oe Tae 4: Poy Ae da thad fay. Dram eee Ra @ They 2 Cee ae eer Dm eee us Opp icce weeeaers) » peo PGK) WC ® Wee cs ies Roky (a) > Rey = CoP SC ear Co a CO oe bam Se as Ce mc Pla nrg car Le) nm 3 Sane Aco Co ran RCE Yo ax risa ae Biaod Plda- 4) = POD W UdS3’ ghee (Gv a a os we rns aT Vem Dew) ME Prax), poy XK Cece Pre) mS aoa rae eo EC aS Gree One ACC aC) ae Sane Cr CO CTE aL Sa Ger eeC Cary Do @ th P(tr-4) = C PCr) =0 = a rarer ag Lee ue, POO CR OC Ea COS SIRO) ao an Comp ae eres On Ce Pa Pur ey Dea ren eos SLUM Ta CLO OM CAD IE DRE TL OCS) Tak %,,—4 = A(o%-1), Nae 42,-- “4 > va oC) a CO 1a = of” “(o,-4) =>=> «= Lt (r-4) +4, Mae 42-- ars aca (4 b € IR) Ned Sy ean Le Fr ra Ro a" * Carby -4) +4 = S™* (a+ bi-4) +4 & st *@-1) = wrt(es) iio S en) a=4 : a ree Pan ae Nive ne Renee oe de oy = hy Wo red Se See a ee Nhe [Cot ee Cl &.) Wh vi sv eo PO a Sal COMMIT Ee eae Had uw cocas Sr anes Vey Clos ie NT Aa (Sb AOC Bone rer aL im ea CoS SOL 3 a Fe en on ae ree earn ane ee A CORTES DAOC LIRLIE TEST eta NR Bai 5. Tim tat ca cac da thi R[x], thoa man 1)=P(x)-1, YWreR. nhién lé sao cho f(r-1)=f(x)-1, WreR Bai 7. Tim tat cd cdc da thite P(x) € R[x] thoa man P(x)Bai 8 (Olympic Romania-2001). Tim cae da thitc P(x) € R(x] théa man P(x)P(2x? — 1) = P(x?) P(2x — 1), Bai 9 (Olympic Bulgaria-2001). Tim cde da thifc P(x) € R[x] théa man P(x)P(2x? +1) = P(x?) [P(2 Bai 10 (TST Hai Phong, ngay 2, nam hoc 2019-2020) Xée dinh cde da thtte P(x), Q(x) hé sé thyc théa man déng théi hai diéu kién sau (i) Q(x) khae da thite khong va deg Q(x) < 2. (ii) P(x8 — 1) — 8 P(x —1)[P(x +1) +4] = x°Q(x), ¥.