Important Topics in Python

1. Learn Syntax and Basics Firstly start with the installation of Python in your
system. Just visit Python’s official site, download the latest version and you are
good to go. Once the installation has been completed, you may use IDLE to write and
run Python code. Now we are going to list out some topics to start with learning
Python. It will take almost 1 – 1.5 weeks to cover all the basic stuff still it
depends on your learning process.

The Python shell, basic arithmetic.

Control structures.
Accepting user input, Strings & Typecasting.
Looping in Python: For & While loops.
Exception handling.
Functions, modules & Imports.
2. OOPs Concepts, Built-in Data Structures, and Other Stuff This section will be a
bit tough especially if you don’t know about object-oriented programming concepts.
Take the help of some resources which we have mentioned and with some practice, you
will be able to understand the concepts. These concepts will be widely used in
making complex applications so understand these topics very well. It may take 1 –
1.5 weeks to learn.

Object-oriented programming in Python

Lists & List functions
Regular Expressions
List comprehension
List slicing
String formatting
Lambdas
List, Dictionaries & Tuples
Once you mastered the above topics and practiced enough every topic it’s time to
build something out of it. Python has a good collection of modules, packages,
libraries, and frameworks that you may use for various applications. So instead of
building everything from scratch use frameworks & libraries available in this
language. It will be easier for you to build something using these frameworks and
libraries. Pick up the framework or libraries as per your end goal (Web
development, desktop-based applications, etc.)

3. Frameworks for Web Development There are so many frameworks for web applications
in Python some of them are Django, Flask, Bottle, Tornado, and Pyramid.

Django: A high-level web framework mostly used in startups and enterprises for web
development. It follows the MVC pattern and you can use multiple databases such as
PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and Oracle. If you are a complete beginner and not aware
of the terminology authentication, URL routing, API and models then you will feel a
lot of pain while learning Django but take your time, have patience, go through
some more resources and understand each line of code. Slowly and gradually you will
understand everything. Learning Django may take 2 – 2.5 weeks.
Flask: Flask is one of the easiest microframeworks to learn in Python. If you wish
to develop a simple and lightweight web application then Flask is suitable for
that. It is not as powerful and extensive as Django but still provides features
such as support for unit testing and building REST APIs. Learning Flask will take 1
– 1.5 weeks.
4. For Building Desktop Applications Tkinter, PyQT, Kivy, WxPython, or PyGUI
libraries are very good for building desktop-based applications.

Tkinter: Tkinter is an open-source library and it allows you to build desktop GUI
applications using Python. Learning Tkinter is simple and provides a graphical
interface. It will take around 1 week to learn Tkinter.
PyQT: PyQt is one of the most powerful cross-platform GUI libraries owned by Nokia.
It combines Python programming and the Qt library. It can be used to design
graphical user interfaces for a desktop application.
Kivy: It can be used to create desktop applications also it supports platforms like
Android, iOS, Linux & Raspberry Pi.
5. For Data Analysis Numpy, Pandas, Seaborn, Bokeh, SciPy, and Matplotlib these
libraries are good for data analysis. These libraries are helpful for those who
want to become data analysts/ data scientists. Learning Numpy or Pandas will take
around 1 week.

Numpy: It is an array-processing package and provides a high-performance array

object. It is widely used for scientific computing with Python and provides
essential features.
Pandas: Pandas is also a very good open-source library that is used for data
analysis. It provides high-level data structures (such as DataFrame) and a vast
variety of tools for analysis. It also can translate complex operations into a few
commands. Using this library, data manipulation becomes a much easier task.
6. For Machine Learning:

TensorFlow: Most popular deep learning library developed by Google. It is a

computational framework used to express algorithms that involve numerous Tensor
operations.
Scikit-Learn: A machine learning library for Python, designed to work with
numerical libraries such as SciPy & NumPy.
PyTorch: It can handle dynamic computation graphs on the go. It also provides easy
to use API.
Build Projects
Till now we have covered almost everything in Python now the final stage is
building projects. All the learning in Python only makes sense if you can build
some projects. Remember that the best way to test your programming skills is by
working on a complex project which solves a problem. Building a complex project is
not an easy task for beginners so start something small. Make a simple project
first and then gradually move along. If you want to build a complex project start
with a small and simple module then keep adding features to it. You will see your
progress along with your project and you will understand how programmers solve
real-world complex problems. Projects are really helpful in sharpening your skills.
While working on a project you will face frustration, multiple hurdles, challenges,
and difficulties. When you work on these challenges and difficulties you gain a
good amount of skills. Solving these challenges gives you enough experience in
problem-solving using Python. Now there are multiple projects you can make using
Python. Simple interest/ EMI calculator, Weather application, Simple Crawler these
all are simple projects which you can make. If we talk about some complex project
then you can make a fully functional E-commerce site, a Web-based crawler, which
dynamically crawls a specific webpage, or an Online CV generator, which generates a
CV in PDF format from raw text.

Tips:
Have patience, it’s not just in the case of learning Python but also it’s in the
case of learning another language. Learning a first language always requires more
effort and time so understand that it will take time to sink everything.
Stick with your goal and language. Don’t just learn the syntax and jump to a new
programming language.
Frustration and pain are a part of the learning process, embrace them instead of
avoiding them.
Due to some complex terms, errors, and issues, you will feel like giving up. Don’t
do that, it happens with everyone in programming. Give some time to yourself and
understand the topic using some other resource and with a focused mind.
Be consistent, if you are not consistent in learning it will take a lot more time
and effort.
Building a project is always helpful in building confidence so don’t ignore its
importance.