Number:

TECHNICAL TP 500.01
REGULATION Edition 02/2013

Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines

with regard to bird protection

This document has been drawn up by the Grid Standardization Department and its
distribution outside of VSD is allowed only in printed or electronic form only in its full
version and with written consent of its author.
Replaces: TP 03-2011
Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
Number: TP 500.01
protection

1 Scope of application

This technical regulation applies to the construction of 22 kV overhead lines and to the reconstruction
of existing power lines with ensuring measures to protect birds from the effects of electrical current.

The purpose of this technical regulation is to determine a unified manner of constructing bare
22 kV power lines and the unified use of materials for their construction.

2 General requirements

The technical regulation is binding for all units of VSE and VSD, for all suppliers of materials and
equipment, as well as for suppliers of works for the distribution system of VSD, a.s.
If it is necessary to use other information during the execution of new constructions from the technical
or economical perspective this can be done only after discussion with employees of the Grid
Standardization Department.

3 Technical principals

3.1 Bird protection principles

It is well known, that certain structures of towers and the arrangement of cables on MV power lines
represent a certain danger mostly for large birds. VSD (VSE) is aware of its social responsibility in the
field of bird protection and has therefore adopted a programme for eliminating threats of MV power
lines to birdlife. A part of this programme is also this technical regulation, which has been drawn up in
cooperation with the State Agency for Nature Protection and with the Agency for Protection of Birds of
Prey in Slovakia.

In the process of constructing and reconstructing the 22 kV distribution system of VSD, consisting of
bare cables, it is necessary to ensure in a proper manner the protection of birds, which are exposed to
effects of electrical current flowing through conductors of power lines.
Danger to and loss of birdlife occurs usually in situations when birds land and sit on bare cable and
touch earthed parts of power lines. Losses can also be caused by surface currents.

From the point of view of the extent of danger to birdlife, overhead power lines can be divided as
follows:

A/ power lines with minor level of danger, which do not generally require any further
implementation of measures:

• power lines with wooden poles with unearthed parts

• power lines with suspension insulators
• power lines with insulated conductors
• power lines with brackets without flat parts

B/ power lines with high level of danger, which require implementation of some measures for
protection of birdlife, because their structure and equipment presents a danger to birdlife:

• wooden poles with earthed parts

• power lines with concrete poles
• power lines with steel towers
• power lines with support insulators
• power lines with brackets with flat parts

The decision on which measure will be applied in a specific case, depends on the operational
conditions, equipment of support points, local conditions etc.

Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013 Page Number:2/16

Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
Number: TP 500.01
protection

Adjustments of existing MV overhead lines are necessary to be perform in this order:

- power lines located in protected bird areas

- power lines located in areas with a higher level of priority determined by the State Agency for
Nature Protection of SR
- power lines located in areas with a lower level of priority

In new constructions the principle is to be observed that brackets, support insulators and other parts of
heavy-current overhead lines are to be constructed in such a way, that birds are prevented from
landing in near proximity of live conductors.
Similarly, it is necessary to determine measures for bird protection for designs which are not stated in
this regulation.

In multi-level designs of attaching conductors to the tower it is necessary to observe the distances
between conductors and earthed brackets which are placed under them.
The protection feature of covers and insulated protections depends on their form as well as on their
dialectic strength and resistance to surface (creeping) current. That is why the covers and protections
have to be manufactured from materials which have to show sufficient resistance to creeping currents
also after taking ageing and environmental conditions (e.g. becoming dirty or moist) into consideration.

Except new designs of brackets and attachment of conductors on MV overhead lines in the ownership
of VSD which do not require any additional implementation of measures for bird protection, mainly
measures described below in the text shall be used for adjustments of existing power lines.

3.2 Utilization of crossarm protections

Crossarm protections are installed according to picture no. 1 on light flat brackets with support
insulators attached mostly to concrete poles. Detailed technical information is stated in the
catalogue list. The installation process is stated in the manual published by the manufacturer of the
crossarm protections.

Picture No. 1

3.3 Utilization of covers of insulators and parts of conductors

Covers of insulators and parts of conductors are according to picture no. 2 used for support insulators
in those cases where it is not possible to use crossarm protections (heavy flat brackets, delta brackets
with flat parts, ...). Detailed technical information is stated in the catalogue list. The installation process
is stated in the manual published by the manufacturer of insulator covers.

Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013 Page Number:3/16

Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
Number: TP 500.01
protection

Picture No. 2

3.4 Utilization of insulator covers of conductors

The insulation of parts of conductors according to picture no. 3 is used mostly in tap support points for
insulating jumper wires. Detailed technical information is stated in the catalogue list. The installation
process is stated in the manual published by the manufacturer of insulator covers.

Picture No. 3

Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013 Page Number:4/16

Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
protection
Attachment: Utilization catalogue of individual measures
Poles and towers with support insulators
Image Design
Wooden poles without
earthing
with a single or double
suspension on support
insulators
Concrete poles
with a flat wooden bracket
with a single or double
suspension on support
insulators
Concrete poles
with a flat light metal bracket
with a single or double
suspension on support
insulators
Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013
Number: TP 500.01
Measure for bird
protection
No measures
Use cover of insulator and
part of conductor according
to picture no. 2. Use of
crossarm protections
according to picture
no. 1 is limited by the size of
the bracket.
Use crossarm protections
according to picture
no.1.
Page Number:5/16
Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
protection
Concrete poles
with a flat heavy metal
bracket with a single or
double suspension on support
insulators
Concrete poles
with a metal bracket for a
triangle arrangement of
conductors with a flat part,
support insulators
Concrete poles
with a metal flat bracket (light
or heavy) for double power
lines
Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013
Number: TP 500.01
Use cover of insulator and
part of conductor according
to picture no. 2.
Use cover of insulator
and part of conductor
according to picture no.
2 for bottom conductors.
Top conductor - no measure
Use cover of insulator and
part of conductor
according to picture no. 2
for support points,
alternatively crossarm
protections according to
picture
no. 1, if the manner of
anchoring the suspension
of the bottom conductors
allows it, whereas the
overall surface of the
bracket has to be
sufficiently covered.
Bottom conductors - no
measures
Page Number:6/16
Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
Number: TP 500.01
protection

Concrete poles Use cover of insulator and

with a metal flat heavy part of conductor according
bracket for corner poles, to picture no. 2.
support insulators

Steel towers with a Use cover of insulator and

triangle arrangement of part of conductor according
conductors - support to picture no. 2 for all three
insulators conductors.

Double power line on Use cover of insulator and

concrete poles with flat part of conductor according
brackets to picture no. 2 for all
conductors.

Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013 Page Number:7/16

Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
Number: TP 500.01
protection

Concrete poles with metal No measures

brackets with a flat part

Poles and towers with anchoring insulators

Image Design Measure for bird
protection

Concrete poles Middle jumper wire is to

with a metal flat heavy be insulated with a
bracket, anchoring insulating cover
suspensions with bottom according to picture no.
jumper wires 3 or made
from an insulated rope. The
choice of measure has to be
selected with respect to the
type of anchoring clamp.

Concrete poles Use cover of insulator and

with a metal flat heavy part of conductor according
bracket, anchoring to picture no. 2. on the
suspensions with lower support insulator.
jumper wire on outer
ropes
and with a middle top
jumper wire with an
auxiliary support
insulator.

Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013 Page Number:8/16

Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
protection
Concrete poles
with a metal flat heavy
bracket for corner poles
on support insulators,
anchoring suspensions
with one bottom jumper
wire and two top jumper
wires with auxiliary support
insulators
Concrete poles
with a metal flat heavy
bracket, anchoring
suspensions with top
jumper wire with an
auxiliary support insulator
Steel tower
with a flat bracket with
support insulators. Middle
jumper wire on the top
support insulator or on
more than one support
insulators.
Steel tower
for two power lines with
phases arranged above
each other with support
insulators. Jumper wire on
the bottom of the anchoring
insulators.
Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013
Number: TP 500.01
Use cover of insulator and
part of conductor according
to picture no. 2. on the
support insulators.
Use cover of insulator and
part of conductor according
to picture no. 2. on the
support insulators.
Middle jumper wire is to
be insulated with a
insulating cover
according to picture no.
3 or made
from an insulated rope. The
choice of measure has to be
selected with respect to the
type of anchoring clamp.
If the jumper wire is
supported by only one
insulator, it is possible to
use the cover of the
insulator and a part of the
conductor according to
picture no. 2
No measures
Page Number:9/16
Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
Number: TP 500.01
protection

Tap poles and towers

Image Design Measure for bird
protection

Use insulated ropes for

Concrete poles
connecting power lines, or
with heavy flat brackets.
insulate them with a
Top power line
insulating cover according to
with anchoring
suspensions. picture no. 3. Use the cover
of the insulator and a part of
the conductor according to
picture no. 2 for the middle
top jumper wire on the
support insulator.

Concrete poles Use insulated ropes

with light flat brackets (depending on the type of
and support insulators anchoring clamp) for
for the top power line. connecting power lines, or
insulate them with a
insulating cover according
to picture no. 3.
Use crossarm bracket
according to picture no. 1 for
the top light bracket of the
top power line.

Steel towers. Top power Use insulated ropes for

line connecting power lines, or
with anchoring insulate them with a
suspensions. insulating cover according
to picture no. 3.

Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013 Page Number:10/16

Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
protection
Poles and towers with switching elements
Image Design
Horizontal switching element
with two moving contacts
connected to the power lines
with cooper belts placed in
metal ladders.
Horizontal switching element
with one motionless and one
moving contact.
Horizontal switching element
for works on live parts placed
below the power line
Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013
Number: TP 500.01
Measure for bird
protection
Until change of element, no
measure.
No elements for ensuring
bird protection are available
commercially.
Connection of the
motionless contact to the
power line is to be
performed with an
insulated rope or insulate
it with an insulating cover
according to picture no.
3.
Connection of the moving
contact can be performed
with a not insulated rope.
Connection to the main
power line to be
performed with an
insulated conductor.
Page Number:11/16
Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
protection
Horizontal switching element
for works on live parts placed
above the power line
Vertical switching element
with one motionless insulator
and surge protector and one
moving insulator.
Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013
Number: TP 500.01
Connection to the main
power line to be
performed with an
insulated conductor.
Connection to the power
line and to the
transformer is to be
performed with an
insulated cable or with
the use of insulating
covers.
Page Number:12/16
Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
protection
Poles and towers with transition from air to earth
Image Design
Cable terminations
attached to the top bracket,
surge protectors to the top
bracket.
Cable power line on the
bracket on the pole, surge
protectors to the top
bracket.
Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013
Number: TP 500.01
Measure for bird
protection
Connection to the main
power line to be
performed with an
insulated conductor or
with the use of insulating
covers.
Connection to the main
power line to be
performed with an
insulated conductor or
with the use of insulating
covers.
Page Number:13/16
Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
protection
Pole, tower and brick transformer stations
Image Design
Vertically placed fuse
bases with a surge
protector on the lattice or
pole transformer station.
Horizontally placed fuse
bases with a surge
protector on the lattice
transformer station.
Transformer station on a
lattice tower, connection
from the main power line
to the transformer with
bare conductors.
Transformer station on a
lattice tower, connection
from the main power line
to the transformer with
bare conductors.
Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013
Number: TP 500.01
Measure for bird
protection
Connection to the main
power line and the
transformer to be
performed with an
insulated conductor or
with the use of insulating
covers.
Connection to the main
power line and the
transformer to be
performed with an
insulated conductor or
with the use of insulating
covers.
Connection to the main
power line and the
transformer to be
performed with an
insulated conductor or
with the use of insulating
covers.
Connection to the main
power line and the
transformer to be
performed with an
insulated conductor or
with the use of insulating
covers.
Page Number:14/16
Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines with regard to bird
Number: TP 500.01
protection

Brick or tower transformer Connection to the main

station with a bare MV power line is to be
overhead line, with a insulated with insulating
surge protector on the covers.
outer side.

Drawn up by: Ing. Ivan Homoľ, Ing. Miroslav Praščák

Serial Number: 08-2013 TP Date: 15 January 2013 Page Number:15/16

 Approval Protocol of the Technical Regulation of VSD

Regulation Number : TP 500.01

Construction and adjustment of 22 kV overhead lines

with regard to bird protection

Version 02/2013

The above mentioned technical regulation of the company Východoslovenská distribučná enters into
force in the field of distribution grids of VSD as of today.

All documents concerning the mentioned topic which have been in force before the validity of this
regulation become invalid and are replace by this regulation to the full extent.

Date: 26 February 2013

Ing. Jaroslav Hrušč Ing. Marcel Fitere

Chairman of the Board of Directors Member of the Board of Directors
Východoslovenská distribučná, a.s. Východoslovenská distribučná, a.s.