DNA is a significantly longer polymer than RNA.

A chromosome, for example, is a single, long

DNA molecule that, when unraveled, would be several centimetres long. RNA, on the other
hand, has only one strand and, like DNA, is composed of nucleotides. RNA strands are
significantly shorter than DNA strands. RNA occasionally forms a secondary double helix
structure, but only on rare occasions. DNA's sugar is deoxyribose, which has one fewer
hydroxyl group than RNA's ribose. RNA is composed of ribose sugar molecules that lack the
hydroxyl modifications found in deoxyribose. The bases in DNA are Adenine (‘A’), Thymine (‘T’),
Guanine (‘G’) and Cytosine (‘C’). RNA shares Adenine (‘A’), Guanine (‘G’) and Cytosine (‘C’)
with DNA, but contains Uracil (‘U’) rather than Thymine.
Central dogma is the process in which the genetic information flows from DNA to RNA, to make
a functional product protein. Replication is the process by which a double-stranded nucleic acid
is duplicated to produce identical copies. This process ensures that genetic information is
passed down through generations.
Transcription is when gene's DNA segment is read and transcribed into a single-stranded RNA
sequence. The RNA is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
As the protein is formed, the RNA sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence. The
ribosome reads three bases (a codon) from the RNA at a time and translates them into one
amino acid during translation.