GRANDE, KHASSIE B.

Assignment Number 2
11 ABM 2B October 28, 2022

INSTRUCTIONS: Module 3 talks about the different cradles of civilization and their different features. For the next activity, using the
different cradles of civilization in this module, list down/enumerate or give ONE specific example of its unique feature and briefly describe it
in 2-3 sentences using the tables below. You can use YouTube and other educational sites as references for your activity.

MESOPOTAMIA
CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
Uruk - The biggest city in Cuneiform - The Ancient All students enrolled in In Mesopotamia, rulers The religion of
southern Mesopotamia, if Near East employed the the Mesopotamian were in charge. However, Mesopotamia was
not the entire world, was Mesopotamian writing Civilization program must rather than ruling the polytheistic, with
Uruk. It was a mud-brick system known as be proficient in a primary entire society, the hundreds of minor gods
city with enormous cuneiform to record a and secondary ancient monarchs merely had in addition to a few of
structures that were variety of languages. language as well as the control over one city. For major gods. The three
adorned with overall history and culture instance, King primary deities were Enlil
extraordinary works of art of the area. Students may Hammurabi oversaw (Ellil), the god of the
and mosaics made of choose to concentrate in Babylonian city-state earth, storms, and
painted clay cones buried archaeology and art affairs. The laws and agriculture, who also
in the walls. history or history, institutions were created ruled over fates, Anu
language, and literature. by each monarch and city (Sumerian: An), the sky
according to what they god. Ea (Sumerian: Enki),
believed would be best the god of wisdom and
for their citizens. sorcery, was the third
deity.

CITY WRITING
Thebes - The great city Hieroglyphics - Writing
of Thebes, which served first began in
as Egypt's capital circa hieroglyphics, from which
1279 BC under the new all subsequent forms
kingdom, is the most have descended. Hieratic
famous in the history of and demotic were two of
ancient Egypt (1570-1070 the more recent varieties.
BC). It is situated on the In addition to being
east bank of the Nile, 675 utilized for literary,
kilometers (419 miles) scientific, and religious
south of Cairo. texts, hieratic was a
condensed version of
hieroglyphics.
ANCIENT CHINA CIVILIZATION
CITY WRITING
Xi’an - During the brief Hanzi - During the Shang
Qin dynasty, Xi'an served period, the oldest writings
as China's first imperial in China were discovered
capital (221–206 BC). on bronze, tortoiseshell,
Additionally, it served as and ox scapulae. The
the seat of government so-called "oracle
for the Western Han (206 bones"—inscriptions on
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
SPECIALIZATION
Ancient Egyptians worked
mostly as field laborers or
farmers, artisans, and
scribes. -Scribes were in
charge of enforcing laws,
collecting taxes, and
managing government
initiatives. Legal scribes
assisted in enforcing laws
and recording court
proceedings.
SPECIALIZATION
In ancient China, there
were four main vocations.
Scholars (including
physicians and soldiers),
farmers, artistians (artists
and craftsmen), and
merchants were among
GOVERNMENT
Ancient Egypt had a
theocratic monarchy,
where the king was given
authority by the gods, first
regarded as a bridge
between humans and the
divine, and expected to
carry out the gods' will by
the rules and regulations
he or she issued.
GOVERNMENT
The civil service ran the
government in ancient
China. The Emperor
received reports from
hundreds of public
servants spread out
across the empire.
RELIGION
Egypt had a polytheistic
religion. The nature and
power of the gods that
lived in the limited and
inevitably transient
cosmos varied. The term
"god," or netjer, was used
to refer to a much wider
variety of beings than the
monotheistic religions'
deities, including what
one may refer to as
devils.
RELIGION
The three primary
schools of thought and
religion in ancient
China—Confucianism,
Taoism, and
Buddhism—all had a
significant impact on both
BC – 9 AD) and Tang bones and shells that those vocations. Farmers Ministers that worked in traditional and
(618–907 AD) dynasties. date from roughly 1400 to were not at the bottom of the palace and answered contemporary Chinese
Historic sites include the 1200 BCE—record the social hierarchy like to the Emperor were the culture.
Terracotta Army, divination practices they were in most ancient highest ranking
numerous soldier statues, utilized by the Shang cultures. government officers.
the Qin Emperor's royal house. Ministers were powerful
Necropolis, and the and rich members of the
Ancient City Wall. government.

ANCIENT INDIA CIVILIZATION

CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
Harappa & Indus Script - The Indus Science and mathematics Monarchy was the form of The main Religions in the
Mohenjo-daro - In Script, the earliest known were two of ancient administration in ancient country of India are
addition to the two big writing system in the India's most significant India. A monarchy is Jainism, Buddhism, and
cities of Harappa and Indian subcontinent, was branches of study. In fact, ruled by a king or other Hinduism are all
Mohenjo-daro, the Indus created by the Indus ancient Indian powerful figure. represented. All three
civilization is known to Valley Civilization. mathematics was Legislative, Executive, originated from similar
have had more than 100 arguably the most and Judicial Power were traditions and ideas of
towns and villages, many sophisticated. the three pillars of liberation and obtaining
of which were quite small. Hierarchy. nirvana, reincarnation,
and karma. Around 3500
BCE, these customs and
beliefs developed in the
Indus River Valley located
in India.
 ROMAN EMPIRE (CIVILIZATION)
CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
Rome - Following the fall Roman Script - The Rome's main means of After Rome's final People in the Roman
of the Roman Republic, neat, orderly Carolingian transportation were ships Etruscan king was Empire primarily
the Roman Empire, an writing that Italian and roads. The deposed in 509 BCE, the practiced polytheism,
ancient empire centered humanists mistakenly construction of roads, Roman Republic was which meant that they
on the city of Rome, was identified as the ancient ships, fishing, and trade established. The next acknowledged and
founded in 27 bce and Roman script used during were among the ancient system of government in revered numerous gods
lasted until the Western the time of Cicero is the Romans' specialties. Rome was a republican and goddesses. In
empire's last eclipse in basis for the Roman representative Roman culture, Jupiter,
the fifth century. script, also known as democracy. At first, only Juno, and Minerva served
Antiqua Script and Italian the richest families in as the primary gods and
Lettera Antica, a Rome, known as the goddesses.
calligraphic style. patricians, had the right to
assume political or
ecclesiastical positions.

CIVILIZATION OF THE GREEKS (GREECE EMPIRE)

CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
Athens - The ancient and Mycenaeans - The Greek culture placed a One of the earliest The theology of the
modern Greek names for Mycenaeans, the high value on literature examples of self-rule ancient Greeks was
Greece's capital are characters of Homer's and theater, which has government in the ancient polytheistic, presuming a
Athens and Athenai, Iliad and Odyssey, had affected modern play. world was democracy, wide variety of minor
respectively. The city is created a writing system The Greeks are which originated in supernatural creatures as
often regarded as the that modern academics renowned for their ancient Greece. well as a large number of
birthplace of Western
civilisation because it was
the source of many of the
intellectual and aesthetic
concepts of Classical
culture.
refer to as "Linear B." On intricate architecture and gods and goddesses.
the island of Crete, sculpture. The Roman Zeus, the king of the
thousands of sun-dried Empire and numerous gods, had some degree
clay tablets with the other civilizations were of control over all the
Linear B writing on them impacted by Greek other gods despite not
have been discovered. culture, which is still being the most powerful.
having an impact on There existed a hierarchy
contemporary societies. of gods.