ACTIVITY FOR MODULE 3

NAME: PANGILINAN, Ferlene C. DATE: 10/10/2021

SECTION: 12-ADT 1 ACTIVITY
CODE:MODULE 3
INSTRUCTIONS: Module 3 talks about the different cradles of civilization and
their different features. For the next activity, using the different cradles of
civilization in this module, list down/enumerate or give ONE specific example of
its unique feature and briefly describes it in 2-3 sentences using the tables below.
You can use YouTube and other educational sites as references for your activity.

MESOPOTAMIA
CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
Early cities The The most Mesopotamia Mesopotamian
developed in a pictographic common jobs in civilization’s religion was
number of symbols Sumerian folk political polytheistic,
regions, from were refined was: craftsman hierarchy was with followers
Mesopotamia into the specialization based on worshipping
to Asia to the writing including stone Monarchy, several main
Americas. The system cutters, metal which consisted gods and
very first known as smiths, of three major thousands of
cities were cuneiform. fisherman, classes, minor gods.
founded in The English weavers, sailors, including The three
Mesopotamia word bricklayers, nobles, free main gods
after the cuneiform farmers, citizens, and were Ea
Neolithic comes from shepherds and slaves. They (Sumerian:
Revolution, the Latin leather-workers. had an Enki), the god
around 7500 cuneus, Scribes (writers) - organized of wisdom and
BCE. meaning Being a scribe government magic, Anu
Mesopotamian “wedge.” was a very with the (Sumerian:
cities included Using prestigious job in leaderships An), the sky
Eridu, Uruk, cuneiform, Mesopotamia. passed down in god, and Enlil
and Ur. Early written a hierarchical (Ellil), the god
cities also symbols order by kingly of earth,
arose in the could be dynasties. storms and
Indus Valley quickly agriculture
The King was
and ancient made by and the
the ruler and
China. highly controller of
the lawmaker,
trained fates.
followed by
scribes
wise men’s
through the
assembly,
skillful use
selected by
of the
the citizens’
wedge-like
council. The
end of a
assembly had
reed stylus.
the right to
overrule the
King if any of
the rules
seemed wrong.
 EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
The cities of Hieroglyphics Field The Ancient The ancient
Ancient are an original hands/farmers, Egyptian Egyptians
Egypt form of writing craftsmen, and Government were a
developed out of which all scribes were the was ruled first polytheistic
along the other forms main jobs of and foremost people who
Nile River have evolved. Egyptians. - by the believed that
due to the Two of the Scribes Pharaoh. The gods and
fertile newer forms administrated Pharaoh was goddesses
farmland were called laws, collected the supreme controlled the
along its hieratic and taxes, and leader not only forces of the
banks. The demotic. oversaw of the human,
typical city Hieratic was a government government, natural, and
had a wall simplified form projects. Legal but also of the supernatural
around it of scribes recorded religion. world. In
with two hieroglyphics court cases and However, the traditional
entrances. used for helped enforce Pharaoh Egyptian
There was a administrative laws. couldn't run the belief, the
major road and business government all fundamental
down the purposes, as by himself, so governing
center of the well as for he had a principle was
town with literary, hierarchy of the abstract
smaller, scientific and rulers and concept of
narrow religious texts. leaders below maat
streets him who ran (represented
connecting different by the
to it. The aspects of the goddess
houses and government. Maat) which
buildings is often
were made translated as
of mud-brick. truth, justice,
and cosmic
order. To
maintain
maat, the
living had to
constantly
worship and
 make
sacrifices to
the gods to
pacify the
deities and
spirits of the
afterlife.

ANCIENT CHINA CIVILIZATION

CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
The city in The earliest Ancient China Confucianism,
There were four
ancient City in writings in had monarchy, Taoism, and
major professions
ancient China China were i.e. government Buddhism
in ancient China.
is many found on ox headed by an were the three
Those professions
things. In the scapulae, emperor and a main
were scholars
cosmological tortoiseshells, royal family. philosophies
(which included
landscape, it and bronzes Chinese rulers and religions
doctors and
is an during the also called of ancient
warriors),
industrial Shang monarchs China, which
farmers,
machine dynasty. Dated based their have
artistians (artists
designed to from around government on individually
and craftsmen),
capture and 1400-1200 the Confucian and
and merchants.
redistribute B.C.E, the model, which collectively
Unlike most
Qi, the divine inscriptions on taught that the influenced
ancient cultures,
breath, the bones and ruler was a ancient and
farmers were not
power that shells-called virtuous man modern
animates "oracle bones"- on the lowest level who led by Chinese
human recorded of the social scale. example. society.
affairs and divination used
carries with by the Shang
it the royal house.
mandate of The words
heaven. It is were carved
embodied in with a stylus,
the magic some were
square, Feng. written with
In this section brush and ink
of the course, made of
we will look at lampblack or
the contents cinnabar. On
of that magic bronzes,
square and inscriptions
some of the were cast on
logic that sacrificial
binds it vessels, ritual
together. bells, and
Later, in other seals. These
sections, we inscriptions
will look at range from a
how the few to as many
magic square as five
developed,
and how the hundred
belief system characters.
that
represents
still exerts
vast cultural
power in
modern
China.

ANCIENT INDIA CIVILIZATION

CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
India is a The Indus Carpentry was a The India is home
country in Script is the specialized job in civilizations of to the world's
South Asia writing system Ancient India. ancient India oldest
whose name developed by Ancient Indians had their own religions,
comes from the Indus were the first to different Hinduism and
the Indus Valley make bricks. They governments. Buddhism, as
River. The Civilization put soil, clay, and In the Indus well as
name and it is the water together to Valley Jainism. All
'Bharata' is earliest form make squishy mud Civilization, three evolved
used as a of writing and then pounded priest kings from shared
designation known in the them into square were at the beliefs and
for the Indian shaped bricks. head of traditions,
country in subcontinent. Another government. such as
their The origin of specialized job The Maurya reincarnation,
constitution this script is was blacksmithing. Empire boasted karma, and
referencing poorly Blacksmiths made a stable, liberation and
the ancient understood: tools out of mostly centralized achieving
mythological this writing flint, but they also government nirvana.
emperor, system came in copper that allowed the These beliefs
Bharata, remains and bronze. In flourishing of and traditions
whose story undeciphered, Northern India a trade and evolved in the
is told, in there is no specialized job culture. Indus River
part, in the agreement on was farming. This Valley around
Indian epic the language was the main 3500 BCE.
Mahabharata. it represents, source of income
no bilingual for most people in
texts have Northern Ancient
been found India. Being a
thus far and Scribe was
its connection another
with Indian specialized job of
writing India. This was a
systems specialized job
proper (e.g. because you had
Brahmi, to be able to read
Devanagari and write and
and Bengali most people
script) is couldn't do that.
uncertain.
 ROMAN EMPIRE (CIVILIZATION)
CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
The Romans As Rome Augustus's The Roman
built cities The Romans developed, jobs power was Empire was a
throughout used a variety became more clear in the new primarily
their vast of tools for specialized. By the government polytheistic
empire. writing. Every time of Republic, structure of civilization,
When they day writing jobs included imperial Rome. which meant
built a new could be done farmers, doctors, The two central that people
city, they on wax tablets engineers, elements of recognized
typically used or thin leaves architects, government in and
the same of wood. teachers, Republican worshiped
type of city Documents, shopkeepers, Rome were the multiple gods
plans. The like legal craftsmen, aristocratic and
streets were contracts, soldiers, sailors, senate and the goddesses.
straight and were usually fisherman, writers, popular Despite the
on a grid. written in pen poets, musicians, assemblies. presence of
Through the and ink on statesmen, Now, however, monotheistic
center of the papyrus. bankers, traders, Augustus religions
town were Books were merchants, and claimed the within the
the two also written in accountants, right to single- empire, such
widest pen and ink government handedly as Judaism
streets which on papyrus or officials including approve or and early
went east-to- sometimes on tax collectors, disapprove any Christianity,
west and parchment. smiths, jewelers, senate decree. Romans
north-to- construction And though honored
south. At the workers, temple elections to the multiple
center of the workers, assemblies deities.
town was the entertainers, continued,
forum with artists, and Augustus and
the slaves. his powerful
government supporters
buildings, ensured the
temples, winners were
markets, and supportive of
meeting the emperor
area. and imperial
Surrounding policies.
the town was
a tall fortified
wall to help
keep out
invaders.
These walls
were
especially
important for
towns near
the borders
of the
empire.
Aqueducts
were built
outside of the
town to bring
fresh water to
the fountains
and public
baths.

CIVILIZATION OF THE GREEKS (GREECE EMPIRE)

CITY WRITING SPECIALIZATION GOVERNMENT RELIGION
Each city- The Greek They had The four most The religion
state was alphabet is a architects that common of Ancient
organized with writing designed systems of Greece was
an urban system that buildings, artists Greek classified as
center and the was that designed government polytheistic,
surrounding developed in paintings for the were: which means
countryside. Greece about buildings that were Democracy - that they
Characteristics 1000 BCE. It made for rulers, rule by the believed in
of the city in a is the direct poets that wrote people (male multiple
polis were or indirect long stories called citizens). deities. In
outer walls for ancestor of all epics about heroic Monarchy - rule fact, the gods
protection, as modern deeds, and by an individual and
well as a European politicians that who had goddesses
public space alphabets. It made laws and inherited his that we know
that included was derived helped run the role. Tyranny - as the
temples and from the government of rule by an Olympian
government North Semitic ancient Greece. individual who Gods were
buildings. The alphabet via They also had seized something
temples and that of the specialized in power by that many
government Phoenicians. Trade. Greece's unconstitutional religious
buildings were main exports were means. experts
often built on olive oil, wine, accept as
the top of a pottery, and being at the
hill, or metalwork. core of their
acropolis. Imports included belief
grains and pork system.
from Sicily, Arabia,
Egypt, Ancient
Carthage, and the
Bosporan
Kingdom