Coordinates: 10°29′43″N 66°52′57″W

Bolivarian Intelligence Service

The Bolivarian National Intelligence Service
(Spanish: Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia
Bolivarian National Intelligence
Nacional, SEBIN) is the premier intelligence Service
agency in Venezuela. SEBIN is an internal security Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional
force subordinate to the Vice President of Venezuela SEBIN
since 2012 and is dependent on Vice President
Delcy Rodríguez.[3] SEBIN has been described as
the political police force of the Bolivarian
government.[4][5][6]

Contents
Seal of the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service
History
Predecessors
Bolivarian Revolution
Domestic actions
Media
Flag of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service
Public surveillance
Surveillance on Jewish community Intelligence agency overview

Protest suppression Formed June 2, 2010

2004 Venezuela recall protests Preceding DISIP
2014–17 Venezuelan protests Intelligence agency
International actions Headquarters Plaza Venezuela,
United States Caracas, Venezuela[1]
Operations Employees Classified
See also Annual budget $169 million (2013)[2]
References Intelligence agency Delcy Rodríguez
External links executives Gustavo González
López
Parent department Vice President of
History Venezuela

The Venezuelan intelligence agency has an extensive record of human rights violations,[7] including recent
allegations of torture and murder of political opponents.[8][9][10]

Predecessors

The predecessor of SEBIN was established in March 1969 with the name of DISIP, Dirección Nacional de
los Servicios de Inteligencia y Prevención ("National Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services"),
by then-president Rafael Caldera, replacing the Dirección General de Policía (DIGEPOL).
Human Rights Watch wrote in 1993 that DISIP was involved in targeting political dissenters within
Venezuela and was involved in abusive tactics.[11] In their 1997 and 1998 reports, Amnesty International
also detailed human rights violations by DISIP, including unlawful detention of Venezuelan human rights
activists.[12][13]

Bolivarian Revolution

In 1999, President Hugo Chávez began the restructuring of DISIP,

with commanders and analysts being selected for their political
attributes and rumors of some armed civilian groups gaining
credentials from such actions.[14] A retired SEBIN commissioner
explained that there began to be "biased and incomplete reports,
tailored to the new ears, that began to proliferate and ultimately
El Helicoide, the first headquarters of
affects the ability of the institution to process information and know
SEBIN what happens".[14] On December 4, 2009, President Chávez,
during a swearing-in ceremony for the high command of the
recently created Bolivarian National Police (Policía Nacional
Bolivariana), announced the change of name of DISIP, with immediate effect, to Bolivarian Intelligence
Service (Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia, or SEBIN).[15]

The restructuring of SEBIN was completed in 2013 with one of its goals to guarantee the "continuity and
consolidation of the Bolivarian Revolution in power".[14][16] In the beginning of the 2014–15 Venezuelan
protests, SEBIN agents opened fire on protesters which resulted in the deaths of two and the dismissal of
Brigadier General Manuel Gregorio Bernal Martinez days later.[16]

Under the Nicolás Maduro presidency, a building that was originally intended to be a subway station and
offices in Plaza Venezuela was converted into the headquarters for SEBIN.[16][17] Dubbed "La Tumba", or
"The Tomb", by Venezuelan officials, political prisoners are held five stories underground in inhumane
conditions at freezing temperatures and with no ventilation, sanitation, or daylight.[18][19][20] The cells are
two by three meters that have a cement bed, security cameras and barred doors, with each cell aligned next
to one another so there are no interactions between prisoners.[17] Such conditions have caused prisoners to
become very ill though they are denied medical treatment.[20] Denounces of torture in "The Tomb",
specifically white torture, are also common, with some prisoners attempting to commit suicide.[17][18][19]
Such conditions are to force prisoners to plead guilty to crimes they are accused of. according to NGO
Justice and Process.[17]

The torture of political prisoners has included the capture, mistreatment and in some cases killing of their
pets.[21][22]

Domestic actions

Media

According to El Nacional, SEBIN had raided facilities of reporters and human rights defenders several
times.[23] It was also stated that SEBIN occasionally intimidated reporters by following them in unmarked
vehicles where SEBIN personnel would "watch their homes and offices, the public places like bakeries and
restaurants, and would send them text messages to their cell phones".[23]
Following the Narcosobrinos incident which saw President Maduro's nephews arrested in the United States
for drug trafficking, Associated Press reporter Hannah Dreier, who had been awarded for her reporting on
Venezuela,[24] was detained by SEBIN agents in Sabaneta, Barinas. SEBIN agents threatened her during
an interrogation, saying they would behead her like ISIL did to James Foley and said that they would let
her go for a kiss. Finally, agents said that they wanted to coerce the United States to exchange Maduro's
nephews for Dreier, accusing her of being a spy and sabotaging the Venezuelan economy.[25]

Public surveillance

In an El Nuevo Herald, former SEBIN officials and security

experts state that the Venezuelan government has allegedly
spent millions of dollars to spy on Venezuelans; using Italian
and Russian technology to monitor emails, keywords and
telephone conversations of its citizens; especially those who
use the dominant, state-controlled telecommunications
provider CANTV. Acquired information is used to create a
"person of interest" for Venezuelan authorities, where only
selected individuals could have been fully spied on and where
a database had been created to monitor those who publicly
disagreed with the Bolivarian Revolution.[26]

In 2014, multiple Twitter users were arrested and faced

prosecution due to the tweets they made.[27] Alfredo Romero,
executive director of the Venezuelan Penal Forum (FPV),
stated that the arrests of Twitter users in Venezuela was a
measure to instill fear among those using social media that
were critical against the government.[27] In October 2014, A communication from General Director of
eight Venezuelans were arrested shortly after the death of CONATEL, William Castillo Bolle, giving
PSUV official Robert Serra. [28] Though the eight Venezuelans information of Venezuelan Twitter users to
were arrested in October 2014, the Venezuelan government SEBIN General Commissioner Gustavo
had been monitoring them since June 2014 according to González López
leaked documents, with the state telecommunications agency
Conatel providing IP addresses and other details to the
Venezuelan intelligence agency SEBIN in order to arrest Twitter users.[28]

Surveillance on Jewish community

In January 2013, 50 documents were leaked by Analisis24 showing that SEBIN had been collecting
"private information on prominent Venezuelan Jews, local Jewish organizations and Israeli diplomats in
Latin America". Some info that was gathered by SEBIN operations included office photos, home
addresses, passport numbers and travel itineraries. The leaked documents were believed to be authentic
according to multiple sources which included the Anti-Defamation League, that stated, "It is chilling to read
reports that the SEBIN received instructions to carry out clandestine surveillance operations against
members of the Jewish community".[29][30]

Protest suppression

2004 Venezuela recall protests

In March 2004, Amnesty International stated in a report following 2004 Venezuela recall protests that
SEBIN (then DISIP) "allegedly used excessive force to control the situation on a number of occasions".[31]

2014–17 Venezuelan protests

Seven SEBIN members caused the first deaths of the 2014–15 Venezuelan
protests on 12 February 2014 after shooting at unarmed, fleeing, protesters
several times in violation of protocol, which resulted in the deaths of Bassil Da
Costa and Juan Montoya.[32][33] Days later, on February 17, armed SEBIN
agents raided the headquarters of Popular Will in Caracas and held individuals
who were inside at gunpoint.[34]

Following alleged human rights violations by SEBIN during the protests, U.S.
President Barack Obama used powers granted from the Venezuela Defense of SEBIN agent at military
Human Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014 and ordered the United States ceremony in 2014.
Department of the Treasury to freeze assets and property of the Director
General of SEBIN, Gustavo Enrique González López and the former Director
General, Manuel Gregorio Bernal Martínez.[35]

International actions

United States

In 2012, Livia Acosta Noguera and at least 10 other SEBIN

agents that were allegedly operating under the guise of
diplomatic missions left the United States following a
controversy involving Acosta.[36] In a Univision documentary,
while Acosta was a cultural attaché in Mexico, she allegedly
met with Mexican students posing as hackers that were
supposedly planning to launch cyberattacks on the White
House, the FBI, The Pentagon and several nuclear
plants.[37][38][39] After an FBI investigation and reactions from
members of the United States congress, the United States
A SEBIN agent seen on a motorcycle in
Department of State declared Acosta persona non
Caracas.
grata.[37][38]

Despite the withdrawal of SEBIN agents, the government of Nicolás Maduro allegedly "maintains a
network of spies in the United States, formed by supporters of the Bolivarian Revolution who are paid
handsomely," according to former SEBIN officials.[36] The former officials also stated that the
contributions of "spies" is maintained by members of the "Patriotas Cooperantes" and from open source
contributions, such as from press reports or information posted on websites.[36] The Venezuelan
government has used such tactics to reportedly observe government opposition organizations in the United
States and has allegedly spied on United States government officials such as Cuban-American senator and
representative Marco Rubio (R-FL) and Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL), respectively.[36][40]
On 15 February 2019, General Director Manuel Cristopher Figuera was sanctioned by the United States
for suspected human rights violations and torture.[41] Following the Venezuelan uprising on 30 April 2019,
the U.S. removed sanctions against Manuel Cristopher Figuera, who broke ranks with Maduro.[42]

Operations
SEBIN operates from two headquarters; El Helicoide the original
headquarters of the agency, and "La Tumba", its second and more
updated facility.

This federal entity could be considered the only security agency in

Venezuela that never participates in any direct involvement with the
general public. SEBIN doesn't patrol the public roads, arrest civilians, or
do regular law enforcement work like police departments and doesn't
participate in any police raids, joint task forces, or operations not related
to the ministry of interior and justice. It is an agency that combines their
counterparts of the FBI, CIA, Secret Service, and US Marshal core work,
such as counterterrorism, intelligence, counterintelligence, government
investigations, and background investigations and provides
protection/escort for high-ranking government officials, among other
federally mandated duties. Officers of this agency are rarely seen in public One of two headquarters of
wearing their full black uniforms; they can be seen providing protection SEBIN, where "The Tomb" is
within a few federal buildings throughout the country. located, in Caracas.

See also
Dirección de Inteligencia Militar
Human rights in Venezuela
Law enforcement in Venezuela
List of secret police organizations

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maduro/). La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2019-02-15. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
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Retrieved 7 May 2019.

External links

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