ul] By Uo} Zhi} oa eos 7B(2) ~“See] abel Fea ek Next generation absorption technologies in USA and Japan(2) ~ Next generation technologies in Japan - ag Y. SASTAY SHE aN Agee 1. paler ATE BEA ARMS US Wael ojel TA FAS AE aa, A2-9] RE o} he hele) Bags Ages, 4 Add 7A9] ABLS Melo] sa Ja Wire (peak electric demand) @3}8}x, 44 lth HAA (CO) WIS PANDO SA aed a ads Mle. AR ATS ER A) AULSVES CO, WAFS S7lwaS Ap BIE WIFE WE7Iol Halo} 85% FHA Ree BBsHIHKSuzuki +B)! vide bey, ofS Gah We Vg asile Woes eae. BA] 2€32 wpysh= Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 8! Hydrochlorofluorocarbon(FCFO) A WolSS ale + le lao} Ach 1992 id ZSee Wel hse] CFC BW HCFC 9 Abo] 27} 1997d B 2020U4e] A Sala th CFC 8 HCFCS} abla) Yh Abas Beso eb} 997d Sa7l7} SAZoe Holsjaeh. SS dalst 7\ Hate} le] APE} ABs uh, gal + 19668 + E723 8 WE Bae WS@aas Asagou, +4 BH=, garty|aa, a BaHey Meiziaro|e BW AZ ANAGA Fol Be ale 7P Iz sh. ae) HE Aese BFE BAe o] 78st 2B AVM YLUSL-S alae) wl HY UUM LE-B AlAwWoll zp Be wa Wh. F3] Bas 2ITS BF Aplastel agellzel ulate) abaleh a Aas WAAGOS FHS Wash 4b, BOE 2 LEIS Fe) REAL Cast RES YSGOL apo] ABSS ofFD gl = AOe wars geKKang ¥",*), % He vss} dee) aa B44] Ga HE USES, AMVTECREM) H1ROH Aol S44] GUIDES, ohy ZA a = $44) 7l#, GAX(generator absorber heat exchange) Aol 8 oz] 74) 71g} AVES AMI. E Bole UolAjo} BUO-S FY B-eFM SME SFA] ols 2) AP AER, Abi $2) Abo e, al7pal of 9]% =HetatU di #Hmarangoni convectio) BL abig SF Sols, aa Sel oe} JA EA APASHES LAAs}, og uleo. 2 O59) 1%, AG, Bele] 2A A RAo|D we ANY VAS AAS | aon deh2. So1gel XY BF) Atoize! SF S41 ABE WEA B58 HL ol Acie. B8+(number of effect) Y ASTI] WIFE Be|stecl, Beh pala, = 1 ds] SUE Val] FAILS wh SWIAMGIZEY BH) WSF ME WY BSS] G HUETS Inlech. @+(number of solution pair)= 24) Abo]ES AZ 44o]7} a © FFS49] FS Av]eech. Asnumber of stage $8719 SH7ES PY Sp AV#£(solution circuit)9] FZ 48) S|eel, 3 4] Sale) date] ch2) S717} 2] a BS PASE AHS F719] Fo] ashe Th. WS] HEME -s-Fel(strong solution) R 318-(weak solution) & 42 Yoko] FE7} BS AF Be BPS Bogle. go] Boke S-qeUsrloo] a4, Uwyos Adaya oN ARS S| Blt weHolch. S abel algoyay = ABME|ES Ser} ee APS Sey SE ASSES BEE Ou, oe] Fe] zo} Ao] HEA) UBS sale] B Amol] Bole! THE APBSHE glo] ubaleh Wako e o}7}alep. E1 &F4 gol Zo} SIA - URL BB2R 3B 4 94(1999)/901 BE VEULE AAdoe GErels] FE ABE BHO] SEALS Bo|sJo}] BHO} a2} 7H. OME GRY} BS] BH ebero}7} wy oly, S- AFP SHpo]S9] BF Bo] Yoho}7] welch, 25 2]2= (temperature lift) = ae fE(heat rejection temperature)s} 3 (evaporation temperature) 79] £&3}2 Yo} = Bh UMASS bls BE A esbolas F 4) FE APES Sole|th, 2144l(resorption) AES Valo] Pas YHSzl7} 847), = Ateles Ag $4712 Faldo] Ss] EASE BY He Hh SSSA as Pvbls Ee £& qze Ale] BF AS ath AAAS) S(cascade)i= BNMAS Lal ‘we] Dep] (ol o}88}7] Hato] 1 aad a ASS) ulate}, spo]Ba= Abolse as Py ES AL] SULES A sato] TeAb olde W471 Mt SSS o]opae. 209 Yet UES} Zo] 2 SS} me} 454M perfor— mance enhancement) 2%, 2= == $7} (temperature lift enhancement) i, $9 Soe, SAY R Se SslelS S Di) ul Terminology Definition Number of effect Number of refrigerant generation processes | Number of stage Number of solution circuits for an evaporator/absorber set umber of solution pair Number of different solution pairs that are not mixed each other Basic cycle Single stage cycle Exchange unit Heat exchanger for heat and mass transfer with phase change Strong solution Rich in refrigerant Weak solution: Poor in refrigerant Temperature lift temperature Difference between heat rejection temperature and evaporation Dual cycle where the refrigerant generated from the low temperature | Resorpion generator is directly absorbed in the high temperature absorber without condensation process | Cascade Cycle assembly coupled by heat transfer only Hybrid ‘A cycle combined absorption and compression processes302 E2 StAsolsel 2H f Two solution] ‘Three Primary Heat One solution pair eee etree purpose | recovery One stage | Two stage | Three stage | Two stage | Three stage Double effect | absorption || GAK | Semi GAX | Triple i Advanced RA Double effect Condensation | Triple effest | — emt recovery| “Guaciapte. | Tbe effet Double Sextuple Triple oven Daa Abs /Cond. Triple freshen Resorption | Qian, | Trile Seven Quintuple _ Sextuple Evaporation | Supplemental heat — | refrgerart | eserton enhancement cycle || Others Typelll Two stage ; SRATA | Absorption Temerowe| | Resorption enhancement | Heating and cooling modes camer Resorption pressure reduction m) Power CAT generation pease CATR Sout olution STA L transport eS A828 IHG. Beas a4 asl wld Feds, SHass, $4/84a +, SUA Seow leks Peele abel ght MFRS ANSE Bay) We Fmbls & 7} DRE Ab]Bz R. DeVault) Sse} I9sgdel ABSA. SWB Aho}, a 2 Saws] Shlolse 7A sl 2} WO Alo] B(waste heat), FPA Se 4}018(combined absorption and power gene~ ration) 2 B+WwaY-S Eecombined absor~ ption, power generation and refrigeration) Aol Sol sich so] WYs HpAbeless} S42 Kang 5°} Kunugi Sol Pa7OR aasjola okey.3. Yeo] BPA tweet 2 eve Wah] Uo hd 48 2 ASs4 YS7] 2 SHzZS amet. a A 7S AM) FEIAVS mEaECtE & aves, ae $4lade 4 Bhs aaah 3.1 78 2e8Bs4 Ase Qe AVY AHS HF 3o} dele vt Bo] 7BASe WABI asa seh. SF Qe 7}29213l(Japan gas association) 7¥ 1%, MITI(ministry of international trade and industry) #828, LPG R&D ale #8 1% 2] PEC(petroleum energy center) aug oth 4 Few Tamas Be AS VBR] H 39) ah 22 sl ee} Bes ol ach, 2} awe gwuel-gah gee Snjole JOS BF MF ge yh, ae E3 S82) a4 at 1B ESRAO « ARCA BORA 4 98(1999)/903 Ube AAWe GAS R GAX A ANNES MAH Yat, E-AFB Sno Ala woll AS SIAST ALM] AMIS ae. ASRS Ab FS 7ASMCKS Z SAY (20 RT YS = Ebara 8 Hitachi Zosenol] 7PW5}52 3c}. ¥ 40] Gal IGA AHO AV HSA S QYZAAG FHA] Aelsojgleh. 4) 39 SHAE wns] AesedyS WE (2F COPc=0.7) Wy (2+ COPh=1.4) 2} At BF SUI WES 7S E URS] BF RT lat, H19) BH 3~SRT & URIS SzhNeeAMs cleo} o}F9] 7+ ASPPSS UO Api AaAslolsich saya © BVAS Hate] ATE lols Sst A ABAD, Get Hol} A7TSAS] FS EE F7FES SHAS agelsteh. eo} ¥ 2l(life span)*] B+ W1FS4 Aolzy UE (OF 258) BHA} Buf 15), ot H FAs] PAE Fe zie Wey Funding Group Members __ Comments NHs-H2O JGA Daikin (Japan Gas Association) H,0-LiBr Ebara Matsushita/Osaka Gas Developed single effect Developing GAX Heat pump Developing GAX chiller Triple effect ‘NHs-HO MITVDEDO (Ministry of International Trade and Industry) HO-LiBr Hitachi (HBE) Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Zosen GAX chiller Triple effect TFE/NMP - | Sanyo Dual cycle double effect NHs-Hz0 Katsura Seiki GAX heat pump LPG R&D center H0-LiBr _ Yazaki Aircooled double effect PEC NH3-H:O (Petroleum Energy Center) | Mitsubishi Developing GAX chiller304 £4 WATS 7S8e4 Sze! Se — Cooling : 25~7.0 kW L ee Heating : Larger than cooling mode Cooling : over 0:7 cop | Heating : over 0.75 with boiler _ | over 14 with GAX Size | Install area : Same as the electricity driven mode | Height : 15 times of the electricity driven mode | NOx emission : 80 ppm ee ace! Noise | Same as the electricity driven mode Life 15 years | E5 JGA Sexe] dpa Sponsor IGA, l __ Theme Gas company | Systems [Companies [Capacity (kW) Tokyo Gi Yazaki 22 (Rm) a. Tokyo Gas 10-LiBr Yazaki ( | participants | P- Osaka Gas ee, Yazaki 35 (1Rm) ci | panis | c. Toho Gas m Ebara 7.0 Rm) 4d. Saibu Gas NHs-H.0 | Mitsubishi Elec. | 70 (Rm) Manufacturer : 11 companies | Absorption [ Daikin/Rinnai | 70 (Rm) jon ~ 1995 Yamaha 32 (Rm) Period ° GHP | Sanyo/Hionda_| 5.0 (2Rm) (4 years) | _Sanvo/Honda | 7 _ {Yamma Diesel | 67 (Rm | 1 witeubi | E 3.0 (Rm) aa 33 Billion Yen Vaittmier rip | Mitsubishi Blec 'm) (1/2 Governmental subsidy) [7 Sanyo 40 (Rm) 2] 74) #472) A\(corrosion inhibitor)S At Soho} HA |e cole AWe| AHEAS A Bo] BSE HH, Bal ARoolSAlCr) R Sz]2GA(Mo) Sol l2]8 S42 Me] Abs DQ. #5 IGA FASS] Pale = EAE AAeko] Be}s}o} get. Tokyo Gas B Osaka Gast "IStb Ue 7AS}AS} 11789) AAs; Fest] Wed 7H Ae APE 1992E¥#] 199672] aekzt VAS, 1996 He] logsia77] Aishs Ae BSAES FSA. 2U4°}-He Matsushitas Daikin Rina} BIS EVID, S-LiBr= Taka- ki, Yazaki 2 Ebara Sl 7Ao2 Ue +381. H el 1998a Bal Matsushita} #6 Matsushita GAX HEWES] ot p7H ub ae __] Target values Curent status Single COPe-05 COPe=05 effect | COPh=1.2 CoPh=12 cycle | Capacity-20RT | Capacity=20RT COPc=07 COPe=065 |GAX cycle| COph=145, COPh=~ Capacity=20~30RT | Capacity=20~30R7 | Ueuel-# GAX Seales] AH AVr BANA. GREY BF COPc=0.5, COPh= 129) S#A1& ol”) S8eD, GAXS) BFE COPe=07, COPh=1.452} S33) GAs) aZale] aa ASobFS] eee leu, 74 BAZ dlalel Vasil ole lass AB = sole. E74 Ma UKM DAS 7 ASAD Blea] Fas} ete] Wels) o}ge}. BW} v1} 7A DOES) GAX A) AWS Easel Aealshs Welel Hitachi gs Soe Dea, Ue sss] AAS a}§3}8H= ‘gelo] Matsushita, Daikin 3 Mit~ subishi $922 wes|Wou, lovee a Al Matsushitade] # 6o) Gelel @HE Ae Bats AS Pdsel ae. aa UR ASA ULUhS Age $4 BEE FE MNF] ServelAt ASoltt. Katsura SeikiM "13 ServelAts] 124 of PHS YETIEG WHE) Fase, Bel S PPA Weds SA} AES she. BE 2 YEE) ALE WS7IECLOC WF ESRIAL « PRLS BORAGE 4 $(1909)/305 £5) tole Ba ae B 8} l6dE te 19BEE7A] WM Bald AHEUO-S 2A STAYS} SASK AEA) 1S a2"), 1996EFE] 199877] BuLEE UE 1 ABLE GES UML E WEVSl Hi} $ Ww} AAISIo} ASS BOS sry s49Itt. Hitachi Building Engineering = AZo] Servel4}2] GAX BUS Al1ee}Zol su) WSCOP7} 062% vata Be Bole} + aU GAX 2a2e Azz Agss|o} oss} VENA 1999 sb) 4E] AD oleh, AAGLA $74] Allo] Echt @ FOR S484 B-LiBr AAle] ASS] AGS Bat Sch. Sse] BF wets] alr WaL Aho} 28a rset sao] Nou di7|eeel7je) AMAR da BUS He AES] Eh LiBr #892 ASS SF SA°R rhetetel Ab EB] Qe9| 7S AVES AlAste| elelwet [Possibittes Stats _| A. DOE Manufacturing Partnership iach ‘oauscenne (GAX) many foes Mitsubishi + Object Matsushita B. Japanese Manufacturers Daikin (GAX) Mitsubishi Expected to be on the market in 2~3 years C. Refrigeration Applications Tokyo Gas Food storage, Ice and ice-cream making ‘To obtain -50T using NHs Already on the market EB AZ QEOUM| 7S +e Ielol BPAAiAg walls CaaaaE “Katsura Seiki _ Hitachi Building Engineering | | — Total/year |} ——— ———| Total/year | ‘otal/year | a ser Total 170 2 4 {| 6 | 7 i v7 8 8 2 o | 3 24 2 59 168 am | 6 | #6 | 6306 $3} I. We} Pose AWS LAGE AAA 71ES} B-GEU} Aes} ASS Balage e84] 23 B-LiBr 29] Ba aoe a7a Ale add. 3.2 da das a4 Ane BV ss) SU FAVS 7E ALE ob] SSS Ed, Te WALES, BSS M282, SAIED, F WEAR Soh 18S] 1 lth, Hitachi Zosen % Daikinl] FEB abs shea, E 9] Bal AElAy Balso} AF Sn Qe SAR Awue+ eS F+4] YH) So] Belsjolglch Hitachi ZosenWAE 20~ 150 YSEY UUSATE RP SAAT Bue} $4 WE71E Wksheal, I ye PEE Petal S38) BIATW|S seh] ABA HY), ollaee PRror SAGE 7] E45 1583S GHA YELEE -13Tl, AL -40074) AA EAH-130), SEAS (-15T) B VERA (-400) Sa $B52 a . DaikinelH Hitachi Zosen¥th= Fas 22 Miso, 2 S71e alow sesh a. SaFBErblS dye) 24, BS UES APS] FeBele] RASS Bboy] BIS sh 3 UC. Mitsubishi heavy industry 100 ~1300 YSES G RS FP] YSIS Bt shat QET, MAS ABA] o}-0) Thess AABA. 2We|FRSLZE 100~3000 VE E94 DEE Ate, whe} Te 72 @aloe Ee, SanyoWe Wet S GHGS) BF 20-505 WEE, 7S GR £51 AF 100~700 YES, ela SFE ol SES BF 100~1500 YSEY BEY WE 71% APL WC. Daiking) BP ASH -55 Co WEE MS F le AAMIEY Fae deus} $44) S71 Msi. BS shoE SEAS] EE MA Werle) we S S771] We olSshe aase] Bey, ea Well Ee aaa 4) 282] MASS lest) WE SW/E+ (S77)S BAY VS + MES Aa FEY SAGE WIM WHS BA AER 9} 49-10 89] COPS Bec. Az awe AAMLEE 22H SAAASANAGS geal F $71 2 SWS BWA of Balto} Ee 22e9] WEE MS + VES alate obs HO] FOC -30T9] WEE Ad Yoly & Sapo} Deol wep ALS 47} slevad 7 28/2814 f2]3}. Hitach Ince 23 2) AF 30 YEE, HBS) B+ 1500 WEE] WA LI PSNR S74 VSS WT Oe, MES OB BEAWE71=E 120~1400 SEN BGoe Basia Uo. Aeel wed ACA EMIS YS7E eal] Holt les. H7AZ\5, olol Hat False UES che EQ a2 Uo] JAS HH eo} SFAlAlneh Aa|414} Cor Cstalaon Year Braye etm) Applications | ea o ae Daikin(1997) | 228)RTx2units(-150) Beer factory | Steam(Heavy oi)_| Daikin( 1998) SOOIRTC-1SU) Milk cooling Steam(Natural gas) Daikin(1998) 18OJRT(-350) Chemical process cooling | Steam(Natural gas) Daikin(1998) | SOOJRT>2units(-15%) Beer factory _ Steam(Natural gas) | Daikin(1999)—[_ SJRT(-12C) Tee storage and Kalina cycle | Co-generation Hitachi Zosen(1999) | 14OJRT(-30) Chemical process [Steam | | Hitachi Zosen(1999) | S5JRT*2units(-15T) Tee rink [Natural gas | Hitachi Zosen(1999) | 6IRT Refrigeration ware house | __Natural gas | Hitachi Zosen(1999) 69JRT(-40%) Refrigeration ware house Steam(Natural gas) |A) abi $e Apleaala] Agep ls ee Kawasaki Y@°] 24 Hitachi Inc.s} A) +r ARE 8B2] BAS HT4VS71E Asta gh U. Ebaray $P4VS71E 1 BEES 45kg far] S71 LN SS WE el7| Aes WE A UN YazakiWi= ASB] SSRs F 4 YES Absa. 4. SOA 7HeEl Ach BALA 2 Be Uo] WISI 29 Bae aid $+4) Ales AAC. Bae) BS Bete} 2] 7) S408 Eso} Bo. AMID] GAX AS]SS oF ES FR 7 AS VRS Aste} BRT ORTH) 2B ©] Silo] solskst, URE 7S BTS 22 LIRTAA Z.0RTS Ba} BA -SOT7A Als] ASE GAX “be1G (LGAX), 847171 J rea Bo|Bel= GAX Able (HGAX), AS ol88h= APE GAX Abel (WGAX), 22} 2 2Sl9] $8S1% GAX Alle (PGAX) So] AHIBAD ae Bee Ee al AeA A LAB SnolEs yokes abla] $44] Aloe 2} saps a7ieeh AFBSMIS ANSE HS AY Fas 22 MBS] OU Aso ARTY SY4 2 WSLS AYS|T ol, BeYoH-E Abo] Sab WAS SAA WEE SA ANT BAS D los Sel o/F4 7H Apo] GAX Allee 2 Aste] a CALE ol A7ASJO} Qlst, AURA AE Ab Ach $44] AO1EES) HE 10o) Belso} geh, B Delay ASE AIG Aolgse) Aah lo} M(system diagram) ZH") wey FASS Agsle} sich wal LGAX Ale & vb] AL] Sees wise GAX Abo} 4S} GR4ob FEE 5, 10, 25, 47 8 60O%E A EAS Beate] 2EF VINE GAX BAS AIA ALVIS 10 o} BS + 9HKang 2 65T M2] B47] LFSTS: HAI « MaNCAL HORA HE 4 9H(1999)/907 # UE APSA, Fez] Me SFE SHYLA 4509 SF), S719 A tre Meee SSdwl= AE SUF Qe 484 Al Sed. 4 Ys] BS Heleva, BY, APY RY Sasol] & Ba ME GAX AERA, 58) AH] 7p AS Udy|ZAge] Aes Abo] Sec, WGAX A|ES IE] HE GAX Atl FARE 2000 oso] BASE] 7A) Bal Ss] A Ajo] Bria) Steel, lee Delale} YAY EA = deep) Atel, 2) AA ME(Waste. heat)& Arte] See] GAX Aho] #3} FUet COPS HAF Afo]S ule] AWEEST 7heet WASH 17207) uid) 7 sole GAX Abele]. a¥tel ab GAX A}°] BE W445} S42 Eset HGAX Aho] Zo] Ut. STA APISS SAFER BE Abel (solution transportation absorption cycle)& plate, a7leestly dale +4] Aho} Bo] SEAMS 0]B8H4) Bash= of42) Ae A) AH. 2 lola] BF ee] Es] ae aaNadIs Bal, $471, S87) 2S a7 GS FE FASol gl Maly we EFS EES she Alley, STA = a7) 9} S47), ff ol Ho fa a. Sensible heat transportation of chilled water b. Sensible heat transportation of hot water c. Solution heat transportation a1 Sse eeicd308 E10 YHOU THLE MICHEAL at (H,0-LiBr system) Cycle Cycle characteristics —_ Development status 1. LGAX cycle Te as low as -S0T Open in literature apa ‘Applied for Japan patent lena OO by TUAT and Tokyo gas To can be reduced down to 172 with a 3. WGAX cycle higher COP than the SGAX. The] Zena patent by TUAT corrosion may be solved. eases Energy ansportation purpose by « concentration difference at ambient | OP" in bterature oes temperature level. No. tube insulation is | Under development required by TUAT and Etre 5, Air-cooled Residential applications Hitachi Lid H,0-LiBr cycle ‘Temary mixture pol? y ___| Commerciatized eee To lower the chilled water temperature as | Hitachi Ltd E low as 2{U(Hitachi) and 5€(Daikin) Daikin Ltd. 7. ACA flow cycle The cooling water passes through absorber, condenser and absorber again, ‘The cooling temperature ranges from 32 to 39%, so that the pumping power and pipes are reduced. Hitachi Patent. Combined absorption and power generation ad cycle, NH3-H20 absorption system as a Patented by Kalina in 1984. m bottoming cycle. _ oa CAP cycle for refrigeration applications as |In preparation for patent low as -200 pplication 10. Dual loop double effect cycle A high efficiency absorption system to recover low temperature heat sources such as river water or seawater. Use TFE/ NMP. Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd. Under development 11. Triple effect cycle Driven by high temperature steam from a garbage incineration plant, Use Nitrate solution at high stage cycle. Hitachi Zosen Under development 12. Seven effect cycle ‘An ideal COP of 7.0 with H20-LiBr and H20-NaOH US Patent by R. in 1989 13. LHEK S Load-leveling Hyper Energy Converting and Utilization S) Under development by TUAT AS S71 FAS Ally Behe os. of 91a} oa aetets 7HS-h Ah ae o} 3 Bsae oa] ages +oet] Sse abi BE A17b 71S} a A SBA ZH Gee Mal ade] wet 1/108 2 SSzto] Eo] Basha, FE Aol 3"), STA Ao] Ae a) as +Sat Lars} sich (KangSBE ALU ES AS + gov}, ghey ch 4] Seo] oy] AsHiel loz wasigta, SIA FE YSVEMME AFL VS AB 9) S822 TY4 Aww 1S Agee 7] EN HAMA] SSA abalsHe YZHLS Ap S84) Boks SESS ES A}o]olch. @ A UES fe} Slo] ALAS Bt ges, A7lzeis) Agsheals hatsi7) sha] ab VEE Al] ALS Vos o1 Baha ge. g- PARE 2 44) Ao] Hitachi} BF 2U, Daikine] 34 SCY WHE AS # UES AAG Aol Folch, ACA BH Ao} © Hitachi] S$820822, $471 84718 SE WES CM) $4712 Sahel slo}, y ASS] LENS NE} 32~37 C4 32~39 CE AA Abolsoleh, Holz LSBoH qajoj Ot 2EAS ATES Wz] EL Soly RBS We wee) le 2d + MES HM) AB Aboleole. aE Hitachiol Weel 30%2] PUSS ATF Ye alo & Bus} Aizawa’), CAP A)R2 $4 As} Sev ielge] EW bo]ez eyo B9) Alito) dal SQ bo}s9} veE|y Ahols (bottoming cycle) olG2ch 19844 Saha Ud Kalina “lel#o] CAP A}]#2} @ oz} SPAUISE Pele] Es | gs}o} PLUS) FHAIES PESO, whepyAp 189) RSS oF 35% YEE NE} vaso] 29 RES 52 AD oF, aa Seppe | RES % 579674] 28 +7b gle. CAPR A} 92] CAP AES S8e}o] Wage 3 WI ALS} Ads EA) AS F Essp = Ale#z Ua 29] Weddle wage 3} WA YS + YE Aroha] AHA Fol th SFEISRE Abe ake] NEDO EBAES| UE Sanyo Ulo4 WE AS AUS GY TRA FHA Aho} Pole}, Gojo. Be TFE/NMPS o]88}a gt. @4) Hitachi Zosen IA] AWE BAG AEE 2247] A822 Helo] DLAMOR PES Ao] Ee Ud DEM Solo} Hee yaS af SRA ULL BBE wh 4 9%(1999)/909 Bey] We BBS FAAS Nitrate FSO SAG, ISAS ATS ASS vpoy | 1989%d ™132} R. DeVault7} AE oe, BA Wee SES 7d BAST} & A1EZ ole COP 70012, BHOzE H,0-LiBr3} HO-NaOHS AB, Bow LHECUS (Load-leveling Hyper Energy Con- verting and Utilization System) Qa} Ue 9} TUATOA LSU FAVS}, ofelalyiah BS olBAlAaoleh, Barlasgo) wed gt 2247) AAVOLH HS MAUS o] Bato} ofS a AATS 8 ABI] 7H FAS77] Sag eo) aetske 214713 Hee A| Azmels. 4) 2adeleh. 5. Az pill Siet oe] che = Pls Bas Wille ae a we Saddo Beds WSs Te Ba © Wee} 2748}, PeS1 Marangoni convection) $413 ake 4 washes S42] BAVA) aol Ja}] haze} wy Bah WFP), Aalst 79) She S7blA, © Ste Sth. B-Boy ol= A2eoI412} Kashiwagi model, Salting- out model % Solubility model & 78}, ¢ EUel-# A\2sol42] Radical-out model & 73} Asst eb) AA. Gay ols} Qe WM GRE 2 RES) B-eGHeMpos AG SU2E1H) Y n-OctanolS # EB AML ou, ASE) AAA 200 ol DEAS} B38} Beyaso] say A AZ& APIS} Ae) A5Fs)5t ge Azo} Th UMUOh es ALAMO ofal7}] Aaj a) Fol AASsl7] Sx go, Rae} apalspgof 2}8ha 94] SYeK2E1H) ¥ n-Octanole] el 7) BASS SESS 7D be Gh Wee Mas|st Uh (Kang S") 5.1 Salgseojo|s ga a. Kashiwagi model(Kashiwagi, 1998)310 Ell UBr $8014 oFeDY oH SoSol Ulm Models | Kashiwagi model | Salting-out model Solubility model Negative concetration gradient of onset Saing-out efect by | SHE tension before solubility iditic eee ‘surface tension gradient Ce condition ® Imbalance of tension forces after solubility limit Valid ranges | After solubility Before solubility ‘Whole ranges aa. oo 0 ao ra . Bexcr | wjoas | PHB | naar” PLB | ae Criterion a 0+ 0 a ao. 0 Oxia | wast | H+ 9 a Kashiwagi"= 3-2}3¥Zx}o]= Belo} a) TREE Sd F dete wage 3} AAAS] 9 Bimbalance) ol 2}2}44 Yo} U9}, SEHWA Aha] oto] Say} 7 ase spa Py, Fe] F879] ARBAS AYA Fase] 7b )s}as}9} a aad. b. Salting-out model(Hozawa %, 1991) Hozawa $2 B-2HAzvho|= Lalol}a} Abie] Axo] Fee] Says) he ga OWE PHS sit PaaS vrs, ole 0S URLIUONIE see) SS Te SW Waeicln FysIgto AalZ bel A AHEE (Kim 3", Daiguji $") Sl ata SHE Wses}ach ©] B+ salting-out We = ALS] Hol Qh] Li'9} Br Sat Atrial SFU] BAGS] Polzys} Eee 0] SE aS goed. . Solubility model(Kang , 1999) Kang $2 8714] HEdE $4471] & wie Y AMWS 44az, 3S) SET LETHE BUASZ ola] 7p Yah zsh} wy] wet $, 99) F Bele olay gE aug 22 AVG + USS Wels Hee] awa se TS ates. 4 “ore ase) 71zAle) & BPA Ssh (solubility) euelate EVGA] SEPH|D, BYE OFS x @ BW ACBAES|(tension forces) BIB’ eat F498. BALE solubility WE -z] BASS Kojola] aegyos sgsjaghe Seals) AAAs SWAP. BaF Barbs SH 74 okeauaee a oh & Bis} H ile Belsjo} get. 5.2 a. Radical-out model (Kang “§, 1999) Kang S'S B-gheyo} Sehoh| 19} oh, Ueht BUGS) Sets AaAces ws} Wal, BAS loll gros Soho] Re BAY SEP} Pea) 71 gale} Yarors gH ‘Surface tension NHS TB 2 ASo-- B AAMolAy HAze{o} Sx7eAq 3 eerol- Bs goat oem az 21 7}AISH2E1H 500ppm) BL BAS olFoe: B-eIFUH}o}= 79} E@ ¥ gees Buge send H WAS] Bde Ae + BSS wehHAL th ©] 4% radical-out Wake Bzuols} 4 sae 184] BLU} +8} AIS a Zio] WA 7\(radical)7+ BoA 4st HEH 2% obese WHE ujech se go} hey oFe Foto GUTS wigs wf oe BUS) 718} aah YehH ale Aq, Sess P ayers Aa} so} 2 AgSe & FAVINS AOR Fh eh WHY SETS} A7|9} OEa HHO] BES} BA ola) Wise wei] goin sexs apayo % Hoh We. 6. AMICH BEAL SoH BA ose Trane, Carrier, Phillips Engineering, “12]31 ORNL/DOE i) 2}8}4] &} Uel{ternary) £= Ae|4e|(quarternary) Yok SHSAo] slags] VSS wol7] Mato} ABID Qe. SY AVAshoH Sepa, ee Urs) Stee] Asal BA F+7) Hawt] LESMo] She} Au} Y so] Basl4, Ase] PABA} Be] Srp Aes wea Aso ORNL/DOE a4 “Q2e} Beles ASS AH] FEY} EGS RGA - LA SHIRA A 4 3H(1999/311 Ao] HAUS Aal F Ms|sewl, GAX| ENA Yel} eBYoL-ss] B}o]yz|(binary) S4urt Hse] Bal Gass Woe wus] BHKFiskum S$”). HO-LiBr S42] BF, SRGANAM] AID shew, wei} 200°C 914) 71#2] Y7M2E1H)7} B8H5)94, 218]8]€|(Inhibitor)7+ Sebyalal= Eal7} Bay = ALS Beach we}] u)5}9} Battelle ATLAS MzA(DOE)S| ABAz\Voe ASE VE! B7 AERA Sol 1) LiOH-LieSO.-Li¢MoO.-LiBr-H207t ae selec. den opA]EH(Matsushita) 3/A}oH)4) YEU S5] GAX A]AW] BSk el7] A 8M NHs-H20-LiNOvS AHB2hL lou, EUG DLA] HARE alslojok ez ale|th, HO-LiBr €42] 24, F714) Deol TERM} ATER Ae sy sa Sst A ASRS AAG] BES] sey Wee Ba VIE] Hetys ehzloh WE Atojny, CHE SHEE Ful4] HoO-LiBr AAS 7g} 7A APM. BSH AAG] Shs: LiOH-Ca(NOz)e-LizMoO,-LiBr-H207} 2 Sz Meh SA] BF, 1 sae KCI-LiBr- HO7t ALES] HBS SOS AGT eh 7. Ala aaa a4 Se l#2] GEA) ZBengose ABSIM(ABsorption SIMulation)2} EES(En- gineering Equation Solver)7+ 3°. ABSIM U2] ML 25(DOE)2) 2) esol] o|2z}eb Dr. Grossman7} 2 BSE] $4) AS BABB TMM FEA AAVS Tysp = 12742] Bate) AB eo} FeHS]o} Qs, = Ets} + 249] a Zeal 2] WAS} ach. 2 ae 7a ABSIMW 5.0601: W47|7+ 7tS}ah @S24(Parametric analysis) Vso] A7ESach wR,312 EES Wisconsintl#}3l2] Dr. Klein 19] TAR BAY ch] WoL yAo] BS Psp = BE Tpo|o. EESE S4] Beloh je} IS All APBSHE Fel 74] 82} st UolSs] Ba) S4al ABFUS ugspsn gol ABSIM Bop = PHN esa Ue. aa Sse go} BARE slal44= ABSIMO! oe] 742] 245 BEBVISSE EMT glo] F-8sh4, $8) awed 45eyl7t 4 Bol 8th, 8. BES Ae EB APIS AA $4) AGE WS Hees, Sal vss} Aeolus] gle $4 GES ZAP BASH Uh cee] AE Bal 7S oHFe sha} deh D Sag Lab B44 ala PRUChE Alles) BF, Awol, a7 8 GUA GAX Algo] uze] geo} IS AEE + gs, Asli Sas wT 2] Ql FBS, Balas Wad Bold 7h $229 3ds ABLE 7A Mae AP 8s Bae, so]He]= GAX Ab]ee Y SRW) 2 $d + USS | due fehl#= Bi GAX Able} Ga} Bas, AVBSH B zis] BAA AP eso ap ald) $44] doe Fade. §s) ga GAX Ab}#S B52] LEYS} Waa gel S888 $Me eyor gezg aay oleh OHA Habs} gk Abad SpAbol st Se Ud, AkSS 8 Behlaas a] wel] S80] Sa et. F8] STA ae, F 84) HLO-LiBr AAS, Se ALA(CAP cycle) HBR AAAS+A] Alo} * Aad, oe 7] sfo]Hel= AAwgo] 7S] 2 Mesh FV solBels, F4-S7hs 4) s}e|#e|= 9! HLO/LiBr-NHy/H:0 ato]. So) GFZ Uh HEA oles] ay Sh AWE HO/LBr-NHVHLO 28} AF olso] tsar Sle Hh OT o)-d9) SRS EH Hate] HO/LiBr Ate ye olsts] Subs El disio] NHy/HLO AblES BSH so] Bele Ao] Zo] Baap] Baa, 2) Be R ABS] a7) Al ee Wahe GAX 78S F444 S azo] AF, ES) ANTS BVT} BVA & 27) Heel BY ASS De aa) SEY 22 Ha Gy COP-07, by COP=-158 SEs Uh. 29 7489] AF] a712= BRT BY71ELZ FEAL wo] Omm, ¥ 960 mm, 2232 44) 500mm $°] Baye Dela} of eee aoe yz}. 3) AAAS, syle] gL Bal Ba Sa USMS terop BAAR} ASS 20171918144 le] 77) AW Ee Aba) SUSAR WISI le UME GAX A] 2849] 5% %e]7] A814] NHs-H,O-LigNOy SAS You, Eee see}ajo] PAE ake ahasjlor & Baleleh, B-e]BBerpo}s AAV) BF, MAMAS ASL Maley} y THE AERAS ABS BEC] LIOH-LiSOy LisMoO,-LiBr-H.07} 3% sh4eleh. alto 7 Sell zheral7h desdat gleh, af Ye VSS} SMa JERE AAee) reo} 2) 4) BAU} esses] Belgas Bal ay] He apolmy, che shh Bg4 H:0- LiBr A292 WB3}7) Ae AF. LIOH- Ca(NOs)o-LiMoOr-LiBr-Ho0°] EHH & SS A AFD Qa, FYASS] BF, LigNOs-KCI-LiBr-H07} 2829) 8S S42 1892 Wh Fase B-eHS vbeolS A eo eaAMo}y cet Sete ap Sadeel 7h AR Babe Fas] 2 art. 4) 2147] S219). ap SBAg4e Aduyjs Agsez 7)#2] USTINS aa a FeS WaZal S Ae] en, se] Shale} AS] SYS F a ALS8, SUBS] FNS FeIH] BAG JASE PIE BS 4°] 74a. goes SHY SLASH SEA oh jet, oy 4 AG 2 AB, BAas}o] Seo} ge aaBees B BUSLS oly) Neale A de vob] EVN aee J 4 2% AAS de} 7] E49) ales} ARS Al Baz Dr. Kashiwagi(TUAT), Dr. Kunugi (TUAT), Mr. Aizawa(Hitachi Inc.), Mr. Ebisu (Daikin), Dr, Takei(Daikin), Mr. Sawada (Matsushita), Mr. Furadera(Hitachi Zosen) Sol) GAS Hach He EE ado] AUS = 1edte xee, d+ Bee Whe sun. aied 1. Suzuki, N., K. Watanabe, T. Uchida, 0. Hoshi, M. Fujiwara, H. Izawa, A. Akisawa, and T. Kashiwagi, 1996, ase study on DHC system incorporating ad~ vanced absorption heat pumps, Procee~ dings of The International Ab-Sorp- tion Heat Pump Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 753~758, Montreal, Canada. 2. Kang, Y. T., Akisawa, A. and Kashi wagi, T., 1999, “Eperimental correlation of combined heat and mass transfer for NHs-H20 falling film absorption,” Inter~ national Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 250~262. 3. Kang, Y. T., Akisawa, A, and Kashi~ wagi, T., 1999, “Analytical investigation of two different absorption modes : Fall- ing film and Bubble types,” In pres International Journal of Refrigeration. 4. Bel, 1998, “HR eee) eeoh- BF4UHM 71G() - “12] GAX Ao] , S7z WEI A, AZ7A, 13, pp. 53~74, 1998, 5. DeVault, R. C. and Biermann, W. J., 10. rte 12. 13. “RIAA « AORLA HBA HB 4 9RC19001/313 1989, Seven-effect absorption refrigera~ tion, U.S, Patent No. 4,827,728. Kang, Y. T., Kunugi, Y., and Kashiwa- gi, T., 1999, “Review of advanced absorption cycles, Part I : Performance improvement and temperature lift en~ Submitted to International Journal of Refrigeration. Kunugi, Y., Kang, Y. T. and Kashiwagi, T., 1999, “Review of advanced absor~ ption cycles, Part Il : Next generation technologies,” Submitted to International Journal of Refrigeration. ULYSAU] 71EAA, 1999, “Acel at BuoMSue HUVE” UL WSs Refrigeration, Vol. 74, No. 860, pp. 69. BSA, 1999, “STAYS7] F ABH) a} Me 2 38," FFA YS7] F ews ay, VIEVUTAISS, 19000 62 4a, A&. Kang, Y. T., Kunugi, ¥. and Kashiwagi, T., 1999, “Advanced absorption systems for low temperature applications,” Pro~ ceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, March 24~26, Munich, Germany, pp. 529~532. Kang, Y. T., Sambe, Y., Akisawa, A, and Kashiwagi, T., 1998, “Absorption heat pump systems for solution trans~ portation at ambient temperature - STA cycle,” Submitted to Energy-The Inter~ national Journal. Aizawa, M., 1999, “A saving technology in absorption chiller/ heater: ACA flow,” International Sorp- tion Heat Pump Newsletter, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 5~7. Kang, Y. T., lizuka, K., Akisawa, A, and Kashiwagi, T., 1999, “Experiments on heat transfer additives in NHj~HsO systems,” Proceedings of the Interna- hancement,” new energy314 14 16, MW. tional Sorption Heat Pump Conference, March 24~26, Munich, Germany, pp. 291 ~296. Kashiwagi, T., 1988, “Basic mechanism of absorption heat and mass transfer enhancement by the Marangoni effect,” Newsletter, IEA Heat Pump Center, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 2~6. Hozawa, M., Inoue, M, Sato, J., and Tsukada, T., 1991, “Marangoni convec- tion during absorption aqueous LiBr solution with surfactant,” J. of Chemical Engineering of Japan, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 209~214. Kim, K. J, Berman, N. S, and Wood, B. D,, 1996, “The interfacial turbulence in falling film absorption : effects of addi- tives,” Int. Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 322~390. Daiguji, H., Hihara, E. and Saito, T., 1997, “Mechanism of absorption enhan- steam into 18, 19. cement by surfactant,” Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 1743 ~1782, Kang, Y. T., Akisawa, A, and Kashi~ wagi, T., 1999, “Experimental investiga~ tion of Marangoni convection in aqueous LiBr-H2O solution with heat transfer additives,” In press, ASME, Journal of Heat Transfer. Kang, Y. T, Akisawa, A, and T. Kashiwagi, T., 1999, “Visualization and mode! development of Marangoni con~ vection in NHs-H:O system,” In press, International Journal of Refrigeration. Fiskum, R. J., Adcock, P, W., DeVault, R. C, 1996, “United States Department of Energy thermally activated heat pump program,” Proceedings of The Inter- national Ab-Sorption Heat Pump Con- ference, Vol. 1, pp. 101~107, Montreal, Canada.