Class Xii Questions Bank 2023

SHARDA PHYSICS INSTITUTE
12 TH
Physics Question
Bank
CBSE- 2022-23
Dr G SINGH Page 1
Unit-1 (Electrostatics)
Mcq (one mark)
1. Electrostatics force b/w the two charges is
(a) Directly proportional to square of distance of distance b/w the charges.
(b) Inversely proportional to square of distance of distance b/w the charges.
(c) may be directly or inversely proportional to square of distance of distance b/w the charges.
(d) can’t say.
2. The direction of electric field intensity is
(a) may along the electric force experienced by positive charge in electric field.
(b) Opposite of electric force experienced by nit positive charge in electric field.
(c) along of electric force experienced by nit positive charge in electric field.
(d) none of these.
3. The direction of electric dipole moment is
(a) +q to –q charge. (b) –q to +q charge.
(c) –q to +q or +q to –q charge. (d) none of these
4. The electric dipole moment is
(a) Mag. of either charge length of dipole (b) Mag. of both charge length of dipole
(b) 2 either charge length of dipole (c) None of these
5. Electric force is.
(a) Non conservative force (b) may conservative or Non conservative force
(c) Conservative force (d) none of these
6. Equipotential surfaces have.
(a) may zero (b) always non zero (c) always zero (d) none of these
7. Unit of electric dipole moment is
(a) C-M (b) C/M (c) N-M (d)N/M
8. Electric field intensity at axial axis of very small electric dipole
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9. Electric flux is defined as
(a) ⃗ (b) ⃗ (c) ⃗ (d)
10. Electric field intensity near thin sheet uniformly charged having infinite size in space
(a) (b) (c) (d)
11. Electric field intensity due to infinite long linear charge
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12. Electric field intensity inside charged conducting sphere
(a) (b) (c) (d)
13. Electric field intensity b/w plates of charged parallel plates capacitors with medium
(a) (b) (c) (d)
14. Capacitance of any conducting body
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15. The SI unit of capacitance
(a) Farad (b) C-V (c) N-M (d) N-m/C
16. Capacitance of parallel plates capacitor
(a) (b) (c) (d)
17. Potential energy stored in capacitor
(a) (b) (c) (d)
18. Common potential on the bodies after redistribution of charge
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Dr G SINGH Page 2
19. Loss in energy when charge is redistributed
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) ( )
20. The electric potential on the surface of charged conducting body is 10 volt then what will potential at
its Centre.
(a)10 volt (b) Zero (c) 20 volt (d) None
21. The charge transferred from one body to another in redistribution of charge
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) ( )
22. Electric field intensity at equatorial axis of very small electric dipole
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
(a) (b) (c) (d)
23. The electric potential on the surface of charged conducting body is 10 volt then what will potential at
5m from its Centre.
(a)20 volt (b) Zero (c) 5 volt (d) None
24. Potential energy density stored in capacitor
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25. Capacitance of parallel plates capacitor with medium
(a) (b) (c) (d)
26. Electric field lines never make close loop due to
(a) electric charge (b) coulomb’s law (c) conservative field (d) conservation of charge
27. The electric force b/w the charges in the medium is directly proportional to
(a) dielectric constant K (b) (c) (d) Independent
28. The SI unit of electric field intensity
(a) (b) (c) (d) C/m
29. The SI unit of electric potential
(a) (b) (c) ) C/m (d)
30. The SI unit of electric polarization
(a) (b) (c) (d) C-m
31. The potential on equipotential surface is always
(a) (b) (c) (d) may be constant
32. The force between two charges is 120 N. If the distance between the charges is doubled, the force will
be
(a) 6o N (b)3oN (c) 40 N (d) 15 N
33. The electric field intensity at a point situated 4 meters from a point charge is 200 N/C. If the distance is
reduced to 2 meters, the field intensity will be
(a) 400 N/C (b) 6oo N/C (c) 8oo N/C (d) 1200 N/C
34. The electric charge always resides
(a) at the centre of charged conductor. (b) at the interior of charged conductor.
(c) on the outer surface of charged conductor. (d) randomly all over the charged conductor.
35. Two equally charged, identical metal spheres A and B repel each other with a force F. The spheres are
kept fixed with a distance r between them. A third identical, but uncharged sphere C is brought in
contact with A and then placed at the mid-point of the line joining A and B. The magnitude of the net
electric force on C is
(a) F (b) 3F/4 (c) F/2 (d) F/4
36. The charges on two sphere are +7 C and –5 C respectively. They experience a force F. If each of them
is given an additional charge of – 2 C, the new force of attraction will be
(a) F (b) F / 2 (c) F/ 3 (d) 2F
Dr G SINGH Page 3
37. Four charges are arranged at the corners of a square ABCD, as shown in the adjoining figure. The force
on the charge kept at the centre O is
(a) zero. (b) along the diagonal AC.
(c) along the diagonal BD. (d) perpendicular to side AB.

38. Eight drops of mercury of equal radii and possessing equal charges combine to form a big drop. The
capacitance of bigger drop as compared to capacitance of each individual drop is
(a) 16 times (b) 8 times (c) 2 times (d) 32 times
39. Four capacitors each of capacitance 4 F are connected as shown in the figure. The energy stored in
the system is
(a) 5  105 J (b) 5 J
(c) 8  105 J (d) 2 J
40. Electric field intensity at distance 3m on axial axis of very small electric dipole of dipole moment
6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
41. Electric flux ( ) passing through a plane of area whose plane is parallel to uniform electric
field is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
42. Electric field intensity near thin sheet uniformly charged having infinite size in space of surface charge
density is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
43. Electric field intensity due to infinite long linear charge density at a distance 9m is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
44. A conducting sphere of radius 2m is charged by a charge . The electric field intensity at distance
1m from its centre is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
45. The plates of capacitors having area are charged by a charge . The Electric field intensity
b/w plates of charged parallel plate capacitors in space is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
46. Capacitance of an isolated conducting spherical body of radius 9m is

(a) (b) (c) (d)
47. A parallel plates capacitor stored a charge when it is charged with a battery of voltage 10 volt
then the capacitance of capacitor is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
48. A parallel plates capacitor stored a charge when it is charged with a battery of voltage 10 volt
then potential energy stored in capacitor
(a) (b) (c) (d)
49. A capacitor of 100 pF is charged by a 100 V battery. The battery is then disconnected and the charged
capacitor is connected to another uncharged capacitor of 100pF. The common potential on the
capacitors after redistribution of charge
(a) (b) (c) (d)
50. A capacitor of is charged by a 10 V battery. The battery is then disconnected and the charged
capacitor is connected to another uncharged capacitor of . The difference between the final
energy stored in the combined system and the initial energy stored in the single capacitor.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
51. The orientation of an electric dipole in uniform electric field in which dipole be stable equilibrium
(a) (b) (c) (d) None
Dr G SINGH Page 4
52. The orientation of an electric dipole in uniform electric field in which dipole has minimum potential
energy
53. The ratio of electric field intensity at equatorial axis and at axial axis of very small electric dipole is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
54. The electric potential on the surface of charged conducting spherical body of radius 2m is 10 volt then
what will potential at 5m from its Centre.
(a) 20 volt (b) Zero (c) 4 volt (d) 4 volt
55. The variation of potential energy density stored in capacitor with electric field intensity
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
56. Capacitance of parallel plates capacitor when a dielectric slab of thickness t is inserted b/w the plates
( )
(a) (b) (c) ( ) (d)
57. A cube each face area 10 cm2 is placed in uniform electric field then electric flux passing
through the cube is
(a) (b) (c) (d) zero
58. The variation of potential energy with capacitance of an isolated charged capacitor is
59. The electric field intensity is equal to

(a) (b) positive
(c) (d) none of these
60. The electric potential is decreases in
(a) (b)
(c) (d) can’t say
61. The force between two charges is 20 N. If the distance between the charges is half, and any charge is
doubled then force will be
(a) 16o N (b) 8oN (c) 10 N (d) 120 N
62. The variation of potential energy with capacitance of a capacitor connected in parallel is
63. A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge. If the electric field 20 cm from the centre
of the sphere is 1.8 × 103 N/C and points radially inward, what is the net charge on the sphere?
(a) 8nC (b) 72nC (c) 9nC (d) 18nC
64. Three capacitors each of capacitance 3 F are connected as shown in the figure. The equivalent
capacitance of the system is
(a) F (b) F
(c) 3 F (d) 18 F
Dr G SINGH Page 5
Very Short answer type question (one mark)
65. State coulomb’s law with limitation.

66. The force on an electron kept in an electric field in a particular direction is F. what will be the
magnitude and direction of the force experienced by a proton kept at the same point in the field?
Mass of the proton is about 1836 times the mass of the electron.
67. Two point charges 4 are separated by a distance of 1 m in air. Calculate at what point
on the line joining the two charges is the electric potential zero.
68. A spherical Gaussian surface encloses a charge of 8.85 C.
(a) Calculate the electric flux passing through the surface.
(b) How would the flux change if the radius of the Gaussian surface is doubled and why?
69. Define electric field intensity. Write its SI unit.
70. State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics.
71. A 500 charge is at the centre of a square of side 10cm. find the work done in moving a charge of
10 between two diagonally opposite points on the square.
72. Which orientation of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field would correspond to stable
equilibrium?
73. Define dielectric constant of a medium. What is its S.I. unit?
74. Define the term electric dipole moment of a dipole. State its SI unit.
75. Draw a plot showing the variation of (i) electric field (E) and (ii) electric potential (V) with distance r due
to a point charge Q.
76. Define electric potential due a point charge. Write its SI unit.
77. Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed loops?
78. Define electric flux. Write its SI units.
Short answer type questions ( 2&3 marks)

79. Derive an expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole of dipole moment in an electric
field ⃗ .
80. Find the work done in bringing a charge q from perpendicular distance r 1 to r2 (r2> r1) from infinite long
uniformly charged straight wire.
81. Show, with the help of a suitable example along with the figure, that the outward flux due to a point
charge ‘q’, in vacuum within a closed surface, is independent of its size or shape and is given by q / o.
82. ‘‘Gauss’s law in electrostatics is true for any closed surface, no matter what its shape or size is.’’ Justify
this statement with the help of a suitable example.
83. Two large parallel thin metallic plates are placed close to each other. The plates have surface charge
densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 20 C/m2. Calculate the electric field intensity (i) in
the outer region of the plates and (ii) in the interior region between the plates.
84. Calculate the work as done to dissociate the system of three charge placed on the vertices of a triangle
shown. Here, q = 1.6 10-10 C.
85. An electric dipole of dipole moment ⃗ is held in a uniform electric field ⃗ .
(a) Prove that no translator force acts on the dipole.
(b) Hence prove that the torque acting on the dipole is given by pEsin , indicating the direction along
which it acts.
(c) How much work is retired in turning the electric dipole, from the position of most stable
equilibrium to the position of most unstable equilibrium?
86. Why should electrostatic field be zero inside a conductor? Why must electrostatic field be normal to
the surface at every point of a charged conductor?
87. Three capacitors each of capacitance C are connected in series. Their equivalent capacitance is Cs. The
same three capacitance are now connected in parallel. Their equivalent capacitance becomes Cp. Find
the ratio Cp/Cs.
Dr G SINGH Page 6
88. Calculate the potential difference and the energy stored in the capacitor C 2 in the circuit shown in the
figure. Given potential at A is 90 V, C1 = 20 F, C2 = 30 F and C3 = 15 F.
89. A capacitor of 200 pF is charged by a 300 V battery. The battery is then disconnected and the charged
capacitor is connected to another uncharged capacitor of 100 pF. Calculate the difference between the
final energy stored in the combined system and the initial energy stored in the single capacitor.
90. What is electrostatic potential energy of capacitor? Determine its expression.
91. Draw the variation of potential energy of capacitor in (a) parallel combination (b) series combination
92. Figure shows a configuration of the charge array of two dipoles. Obtain the expression for the
dependence of potential on r for r >>a for a point P on the axis of this array of charges.
Long answer type questions ( 5 marks)

93. (a) A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery to a potential. The battery is disconnected and a
dielectric slab is inserted to completely fill the space between the plates. How will (i) its capacitance, (ii)
electric field between the plates and (iii) energy stored in the capacitor be affected? Justify your
answer giving necessary mathematical expressions for each case.
(b) Sketch the pattern of electric field lines due to (i) a conducting sphere having negative charge in it,
(ii) an electric dipole.
94. (a) Two charges –q and +q are located at points A (0, 0, -a) and B (0, 0, +a) respectively. How much
work is done in moving a test charge from point P(7, 0, 0) to Q(-3, 0, 0)?
(b)Name the physical quantity whose SI unit is JC-1. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity?
(c)Why is there no work done in moving a charge from one point to another on an equipotential
surface?
95. (i) Drive the expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole.
(ii) Depict the orientation of the dipole in (i) stable, (ii) unstable equilibrium in a uniform electric field.
96. (a) What are equipotential surfaces? Draw it for electric dipole and uniform field.
(b) A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected across a battery of V volt. A charge of 360 C is
stored in it. When the potential across the capacitor is reduced by 120 V, the charge stored in the
capacitor becomes 120 C. Calculate V and the unknown capacitance. What would have been the
charge on the capacitor if the voltage were increased by 120 V?
97. What do you mean by electrostatic potential energy? Determine its expression for system of two
charges. Four identical charges each of charge 2 micro coulomb are kept at vertices of a square of side
.2 m. Determine electrostatic potential energy of system.
98. What do you mean by electrostatic potential? Determine its expression for a point charge. Four
identical charges each of charge 4 micro coulomb are kept at vertices of a square of side 1 m.
Determine electric potential at centre of system.
99. (i) What do you meant by potential energy of electric dipole in uniform electric field? Determine its
value in 600 if electric dipole moment is and electric field is
(ii) Determine work done in rotation of an electric dipole in uniform electric field from 30 0 to 1200
orientation.
100. (i) What is electric capacitance? Write its SI unit. Determine its expression for an isolated spherical
metal.
(ii) Determine expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor when a dielectric slab is inserted
b/w the plates.
Dr G SINGH Page 7
Unit-2 (Electricity)
Mcq (one mark)
1. Drift velocity varies with electron density as
(a) inversely (b) directly (c) independent (d) none of these
2. Drift velocity is directly proportional to current if
(a) n and A constant (b) n constant (c) A constant (d) none
3. Drift velocity is inversely proportional to area of cross-section if
(a) current is constant (b) voltage is constant (c) options (a) and (b)(d) none
4. Drift velocity is inversely proportional to length if
(a) current is constant (b) voltage is constant (c) options (a) and (b) (d) none
5. Sensitivity of potentiometer is directly proportional to
(a) (b)
(c) emf of driver cell (d) emf of standard cell
6. Ohm’s law is
(a) =constant (b) =constant (c) V I=constant (d) none
7. Limitation of ohm’s law is
(a) temperature should constant (b) length of wire should constant
(c) area of cross-section of wire should constant (d) all above
8. The unit of conductance is
(a) mho (b) ohm (c) Volt / ampere (d) none
9. Resistivity depends upon on
(a) length (b) area of cross-section (c) temperature (d)all above
10. The SI unit of resistivity is
(a) ohm-m (b)ohm-1-m-1 (c)ohm-m-1 (d)none
11. The correct relation for semiconductor
(a) ( ) (b) ( )
(c) ( ) (d) ( )
12. The unit of thermal coefficient of resistance is
(a) (b) (c)ohm- (d) none
13. Emf of a cell depends on
(a) external resistance (b) circuit (c) internal resistance (d) none of these
14. The correct formula for internal resistance
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) none
15. Choose the correct relation for discharging
(a) (b) (c) E=V (d) none
(a) (b)
17. (c) emf of driver cell (d) sensitivity of galvanometer
18. Kirchhoff’s first law obeys to
(a) Conservation of energy (b) conservation of charge
(c) law of quantization of charge (d) none
19. Kirchhoff’s second law obeys to
(a) Conservation of energy (b) law of quantization of charge
(c) Conservation of kinetic energy (d) conservation of charge
20. Material of wire used in metre bridge
(a) copper (b) aluminium (c)constantan (d) silver
21. Material of wire used in potentiometer
(a) copper (b) aluminium (c) manganin (d) silver
22. Material of wire which is connected in parallel of voltmeter in ohm’s law
(a) manganin (b) constantan (c) nichrome (d) all above
Dr G SINGH Page 8
23. Thermal coefficient of resistance of material wire suitable for making standard resistance
(a) low (b) high (c) average (d) cannot say
(a) (b) (c) potential difference (d) none
25. Resistivity ( ) of wire is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
26. Resistance (R) of a material wire
(a) (b) (c) (d) all above
27. The equivalent emf of two cells of emfs E1 , E2 and internal resistances r1 , r2 in series combination
(a) E1 + E2 (b) E1 - E2 (c) E1 r1 + E2 r2 (d) may option (a) and (b)
28. The equivalent emf of two cells of emfs E1 , E2 and internal resistances r1 , r2 in parallel combination
(a) E1 + E2 (b) (E1 r2 + E2 r1)/r1 + r2
(c) (E1 r1 + E2 r2)/r1 + r2 (d) (E1 r2 + E2 r1)/r1 r2
29. The vector form of ohm’s law
⃗
(a) ⃗ (b) ⃗ ⃗ (c) (d) ⃗
30. Limitation of principle of potentiometer is
(a) area of cross-section of wire should be uniform (b) potential in the wire should be same
(c) current in the wire should be same (d) option (a) and (b)
31. Thermal coefficient of resistance for semiconductors
(a) +ve (b) -ve (c) may +ve and -ve (d) none
32. The relation b/w Current density (J) and mobility ( )
(a) (b) (c) (d) none
33. Choose the correct relation
(a) (b) (c) (d)
34. n resistance, each of , when connected in parallel give an equivalent resistance of . If
these resistance were connected in series, the combination would have a resistance, in , equal to
(a) (c)
(b) (d) .
35. The current in a copper wire is increased by increasing the potential difference between its ends.
Which one of the following statements regarding n, the number of charge carriers per unit volume in
the wire and the drift velocity of the charge carriers is correct?
(a) is unaltered but is decreased (c) is unaltered but is increased
(b) is increased but is decreased (d) is increased but is unaltered
36. A thin wire of resistance is bent to form a circle. The resistance across any diameter is
(a) (c)
(b) (d)
37. The temperature (T) dependence of resistivity ( ) of a semiconductor is represented by
38. The electric resistance of a certain wire of iron is If its length and radius are both doubled, then
(a) The resistance will be doubled and the specific resistance will be halved.
(b) The resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will remain unchanged.
(c) The resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will be doubled.
(d) The resistance and the specific resistance will both remain unchanged.
Dr G SINGH Page 9
39. A wire of resistance per metre is bent to form a complete circle of radius . The resistance
between its two diametrically opposite points, and as shown in the figure is:
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
40. The equivalent resistance between the points and in the given circuit is
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
41. In the circuit shown, the interval resistance of the cell is negligible. The steady state current in the
resistor is
(a) 0.6 A (c) 1.2 A
(b) 0.9 A (d) 1.5 A
42. For the network shown in the figure, the value of the current is
(a) (c)
(b) (d)
43. The unit of conductivity is
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
44. Resistivity depends upon on
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
45. The SI unit of conductivity is
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
46. The correct relation for alloys
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) ( )
47. See the electrical circuit shown in the figure. Which of the following equations is a correct equation for
it?
(a) ( )
(b) ( )
(c)
(d) ( ) .
(e)
48. In measurement of internal resistance of a cell by potentiometer the balancing length for emf is found
and when a resistance R is connected across the cell then balancing length is found , the internal
resistance of cell
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d)
49. Choose the correct relation for charging of cell
(a) (b) (c) E=V (d)
50. Kirchhoff’s first law is for
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
51. Kirchhoff’s second law is for
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
52. Material of connecting wire used in metre bridge
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
53. Voltmeter is connected in the circuit
(a) ( ) ( ) ( )
54. The resistivity of material wire suitable for making standard resistance should be
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
55. Resistivity ( ) of wire depends on
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Dr G SINGH Page 10
56. Resistance (R) of a material wire depends on
(a) (b) (c) (d)
57. The equivalent emf of two cells of emfs E1 , E2 , E3 and internal resistances r1 , r2 , r3 in series
combination
(a) (b) –
(c) (d) may option (b) and (c)
58. The equivalent emf of two cells of emfs E1 , E2 and internal resistances r1 , r2 in parallel combination
(a) E1 + E2 (b) (E1 r2 - E2 r1)/r1 + r2
(c) (E1 r2 + E2 r1)/r1 + r2 (d) (E1 r2 - E2 r1)/r1 r2
59. Thermal coefficient of resistance for metals

(a) +ve (b) -ve (c) may +ve and -ve (d) none
60. A thick wire is stretched so that its length become two times. Assuming that there is no change in its
density, then what is the ratio of change in resistance of wire to the initial resistance of wire
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
61. Two wires that are made up of two different materials whose specific resistance are in the ratio 2 : 3,
length 3 : 4 and area 4 : 5. The ratio of their resistances is
(a) 6 : 5 (b) 6 : 8 (c) 5 : 8 (d) 1 : 2
62. The resistance across and in the figure below will be
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
63. - characteristics of a metal wire at two different temperatures ( and ) are given in the adjoining
figure. Here, we can conclude that
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
64. Two wires of different area of cross-section are connected in parallel then the electric current in the
wires
(a) independent of (b) ( ) (d)
65. A cell having an and internal resistance is connected across a variable external resistance . As
the resistance is increased, the plot of potential difference across is given by:
66. The temperature (T) dependence of resistivity ( ) of a semiconductor is represented by
Dr G SINGH Page 11
67. The potential difference b/w P and Q is
(a) (c)
(b) (d)
68. Effective resistance between A and B is [UPSEAT 2001]

(a) 15 (b) 5
(c) (d) 20
69. The total current supplied to the circuit by the battery is

(a) (c)
(b) (d)
Very Short answer type questions (one mark)

70. The plot of the variation of potential difference across a combination of three identical cells in series,
versus current is as shown here. What is the emf of each cell?
71. Two conducting wires X and Y of same diameter but different materials are joined in series across a
battery. If the number density of electrons in X is twice that in Y, find the ratio of drift velocity of
electrons in the two wires.
72. V – I graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures T1 and T2 is as shown in the figure. Which
of the two temperatures is higher and why ?
73. A resistance R is connected across a cell of emf and internal resistance r. A potentiometer now
measures the potential difference between the terminals of the cells as V. Write the expression for ‘r’
in terms of , V and R.
74. Define resistivity of a conductor. Write its SI unit.
75. When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it mean that all the free electrons
of the metal are moving in the same direction?
76. Show on a graph, the variation of resistivity with temperature for a typical semiconductor.
77. Two wires of equal length, one of copper and the other of manganin have the same resistance. Which
wire is thicker?
78. If two resistors of resistance in ratio 2:3 are connected in series and then in parallel with a battery 5
volt. Determine ratio of electric power in both cases.
79. What is the direction of the force acting on a charged particle q, moving with a velocity in a uniform
magnetic field ⃗ .
80. What do you mean by electric power.
81. Define the term ‘mobility’ of charge carriers. Write its S.I. unit.
Short answer type questions (2 & 3 marks)

82. Using the mathematical expression for the conductivity of a material, explain how it varies with
temperature for (i) semiconductors, (ii) Good conductors.
Dr G SINGH Page 12
83. A 16  resistance wire is bent to form a square. A source of emf 9 V is connected across one of its sides
as shown. Calculate the current drawn from the source. Find the potential difference between the ends
C and D. If now the wire is stretched uniformly to double the length and once again the same cell is
connected in the same way, across one side of the square formed, what will now be the potential
difference across one of its diagonals?
84. Derive an expression for the resistivity of a good conductor in terms of the relaxation time of electrons.
85. Two metallic wires of the same material have the same length but cross-sectional area is in the ratio
1:2. They are connected (i) in series and (ii) in parallel. Compare the drift velocities of electrons in the
two wires in both the cases (i) and (ii).
86. Five equal resistances each of resistance R are connected as shown in the figure.
A battery of V volts is connected between A and B.
The current flowing in AFCEB will be
87. Prove that the current density of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the drift speed of
electrons.
88. Plot a graph showing temperature dependence of resistivity for a typical semiconductor. How is this
behaviour explained?
89. In the given circuit, with steady current, calculate the potential difference across the capacitor and the
charge stored in it.
90. The figure shows a plot of terminal voltage ‘V’ versus the current ‘i’ of a given cell. Calculate from the
graph (a) emf of the cell and (b) internal resistance of the cell.
91. In the following potentiometer circuit AB is a uniform wire of length 1 m and resistance 10 Ω. Calculate
the potential gradient along the wire and balance length AO ( = l).
Dr G SINGH Page 13
92. Use Kirchhoff’s rules to determine the potential difference between the points A and D when no
current flows in the arm BE of the electric network shown in the figure.
93. . In the given circuit, assuming point A to be at zero potential, use Kirchhoff's rules to determine the
potential at point B.

94. State the underlying principle of a potentiometer. Describe briefly, giving the necessary circuit diagram,
how a potentiometer is used to measure the internal resistance of a given cell.
95. A number of identical cells, n, each of emf E, internal resistance r connected in series are charged by a
d.c. source of emf E’, using a resistor R.
(a) Draw the circuit arrangement.
(b) Deduce the expressions for
(i) The charging current and
(ii) The potential differences across the combination of the cells.
96. State kirchhoff’s laws. Calculate the current in each resistance of the circuit shown in the figure internal
resistance of the cells is negligible.
97. (a) State, with the help of circuit diagram, the working principle of a meter bridge. Obtain the
expression used for determining the unknown resistance.
(b) What happens if the galvanometer and cell are interchanged at the balance point of the bridge?
(c) Why is it considered important to obtain the balance point near the mid-point of the wire?
98. Draw a circuit diagram of a meter bridge used to determine the unknown resistance R of a given wire.
Hence derive the expression for R in terms of the known resistance S.
99. (a) What is drift velocity? Determine its expression.
(b) The drift velocity of free electrons in a conductor is ‘v’ when a current ‘i’ is flowing in it. If both the
radius and current are doubled, then what will be its drift velocity?
100. (a)What is terminal potential difference? Write its relation with emf of cell in various conditions.
(b) What is internal resistance of cell? The reading of a voltmeter is 4 volt when it is connected with a
cell. when cell is discharge across a resistance 10 ohm then voltmeter reading is 3.2 volt then what is
internal resistance of cell.
Dr G SINGH Page 14
Unit -3 ( Magnetic effect of electric current)
Mcq (one mark)
1. Magnetic force experienced by moving charge in uniform magnetic field
(a) ( ⃗ ) (b) ( ⃗) (c) (⃗ ) (d) ( ⃗)
2. Direction of magnetic force can be determined by
(a) Fleming’s left hand rule (b) Fleming’s right hand rule (c) right hand thumb rule (d) None
3. Direction of magnetic field can be determined by
(a) Fleming’s left hand rule (b) right hand thumb rule (c) Fleming’s right hand rule (d) None
4. Magnetic field at centre of current carrying circular loop is
5. Magnetic field due to infinite long current carrying wire
6. Biot-Savert law is
(⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂) (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂ )
(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (c)⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (d) none
7. Ampere’s circuital law
(a) ∮ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ (b) ∮ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ (c)∮ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ (d) ∮ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
8. Magnetic dipole moment is defined as
(a) ⃗⃗ ( ⃗ ) (b) ⃗⃗ ( ) (c) ⃗⃗ (d) ⃗⃗ ⃗
9. Magnetic field at centre of solenoid
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10. Magnetic dipole moment of revolving electron around nucleus
(a) (b) mvr (c) (d) none
11. The Bohr’s magneton is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12. The torque experienced by current carrying loop in magnetic field
(a) ( ⃗⃗ ⃗ ) (b) (⃗ ⃗⃗ ) (c) ( ⃗⃗ ⃗) (d) ⃗⃗ ⃗
13. The torque experienced by current carrying loop in magnetic field where is angle b/w ⃗ and plane of
loop
(a) (b) (c) (d)
14. Magnetic force experienced by current conductor in magnetic field
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15. A bar magnet will be in stable equilibrium in magnetic field
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16. Which one following is not earth’s magnetic element
(a)magnetic susceptibility (b) magnetic declination (c)magnetic inclination (d) none
17. The material which has then material is
(a)paramagnetic (b) diamagnetic (c) ferromagnetic (d)
18. Curie law for ferromagnetic material is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
19. The angle of dip at equator
(a) (b) (c) (d)
20. The angle of dip at pole of earth
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21. The potential energy of bar magnet in uniform magnetic field
(a) (b) (c) (d)
22. The material used for making permanent magnets have high coercivity?
(a) highcoercivity (b) low coercivity (C) average coercivity(d) none
Dr G SINGH Page 15
23. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is 1.9 × 10-6. The type of magnetic materials is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
24. The angle of dip at a place where the horizontal and vertical components of the Earth’s magnetic field
are equal
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25. Relation b/w the current sensitivity and voltage sensitibity of a moving coil galvanometer
(a) (b) (c) (d)
26. A beam of particles projected along + x-axis, experiences a force due to a magnetic field along the + y
–axis. The direction of the magnetic field
(a) +ve Z – axis (b) –ve Z – axis (C) + x – axis (d) + Y – axis
27. The expression for force per unit length between two long straight parallel current carrying conductors.
(a) (b) (C) (d)
28. The voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer can be increased by increasing
(a) no of turns (b) resistance of coil (C) torsional constant (d) none
29. The current sensitivity of a galvanometer can be increased by increasing
(a) no of turns (b) resistance of coil (C) torsional constant (d) all above
30. The ratio of radius r and speed v in cyclotron
(a) constant (b) increases (C) decreases (d) all above
31. In velocity selector
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
32. Time period of revolution in cyclotron
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
33. An electron travelling with velocity enters a region of space in which electric and magnetic fields
exist. Then the electron goes for all values of fields,
(a) if both electric and magnetic fields are normal to .
(b) if the magnetic field alone is normal to .
(c) if both electric and magnetic fields are parallel to .
(d) if the electric field alone is normal to .
34. Magnetic field at the centre of coil in the form of a square of side carrying a current of is
(a) (b) (c) (d) .
35. For a current along positive -direction, what is the magnetic field at ( )?
(a) ̂ (b) ̂ (c) ̂ (d) ̂
36. Magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of radius R due to current flowing through it is B. The
magnetic field at a point along the axis at distance R from the centre is
(a)B/2 (b)B/√ (c) B/4 (d) √
37. An electron moving around the nucleus with an angular momentum has a magnetic moment
(a) (c)
(b) (d) ( )
38. Magnetic field intensity is defined as
(a) Magnetic moment per unit volume
(b) Magnetic induction force acting on a unit magnetic pole
(c) Number of lines of force crossing per unit area
(d) Number of lines of force crossing per unit volume
39. Magnetic permeability is maximum for

(a) Diamagnetic substance (b) Paramagnetic substance (c) Ferromagnetic substance (d) All of these
Dr G SINGH Page 16
40. The given figure represents a material which is
(a) Paramagnetic (b) Diamagnetic
(c) Ferromagnetic (d) None of these
41. The variation of magnetic susceptibility ( ) with absolute temperature T for a ferromagnetic material is
42. Magnets cannot be made from which of the following substances

(a) Iron (b) Nickel (c) Copper (d) All of the above
43. The magnetic moment of a magnet of length 10 cm and pole strength 4.0 Am will be
(a) 0.4 Am2 (b) 1.6 Am2 (c) 20 Am2 (d) 8.0 Am2
44. In the figure, shown the magnetic induction at the centre of there arc due to the current in portion AB
will be
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
45. An infinitely long straight conductor is bent into the shape as shown in the figure. It carries a current of
i ampere and the radius of the circular loop is r metre. Then the magnetic induction at its centre will be
(a) ( ) (b) ( )
(c) (d)
46. A solenoid of 1.5 metre length and 4.0 cm diameter posses 10 turn per cm. A current of 5 ampere is
flowing through it. The magnetic induction at axis inside the solenoid is
(a) Tesla (b) Tesla
(c) Gauss (d) Gauss
47. In the figure shown there are two semicircles of radii 1 r and 2 r in which a current i is flowing. The
magnetic induction at the centre O will be
(a) ( ) (b) ( )
(c) ( ) (d) ( )
48. A galvanometer whose resistance is 120 gives full scale deflection with a current of 0.05 A so that it
can read a maximum current of 10 A. A shunt resistance is added in parallel with it. The resistance of
the ammeter so formed is
(a) 0.06 (b) 0.006 (c) 0.6 (d) 6 s
49. a current of 100 mA flow through it.
The shunt resistance required across it to enable it to be used as an ammeter reading 1 A at full scale
deflection is
(a) 10000 (b) 9000 (c) 222 (d) 111
50. ed by a 2.5 wire. The part of total current that
flows through the galvanometer is given as
(a) (b) (c) (d)
51. A voltmeter has resistance of 2000 ohms and it can measure upto 2V. If we want to increase its range
to 10 V, then the required resistance in series will be
(a) 2000 (b) 4000 (c) 6000 (d) 8000
Dr G SINGH Page 17
52. A galvanometer has 30 divisions and a sensitivity 16 A / div. It can be converted into a voltmeter to
read 3 V by connecting
(a) Resistance nearly 6 k in series (b) 6 k in parallel (c) 500 in series (d) It cannot be converted
53. If an ammeter is to be used in place of a voltmeter then we must connect with the ammeter a
(a) Low resistance in parallel (b) High resistance in parallel
(c) High resistance in series (d) Low resistance in series
54. To convert a 800 mV range milli voltmeter of resistance 40 into a galvanometer of 100 mA range, the
resistance to be connected as shunt is
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 40
55. A 100 ohm galvanometer gives full scale deflection at 10 mA. How much shunt is required to read 100
mA
(a) 11.11 ohm (b) 9.9 ohm (c) 1.1 ohm (d) 4.4 ohm
56. A small bar magnet of moment M is placed in a uniform field H. If magnet makes an angle of 30° with
field, the torque acting on the magnet is
(a) MH (b) MH/2 (c)MH/3 (d)MH/4
57. A charged particle moving in a magnetic field experiences a resultant force
(a) In the direction of field (b) In the direction opposite to that field
(c) In the direction perpendicular to both the field and its velocity (d) None of the above
58. Two long straight wires are set parallel to each other. Each carries a current i in the same direction and
the separation between them is 2r. The intensity of the magnetic field midway between them is
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
59. A rectangular loop carrying a current i is situated near a long straight wire such that the wire is parallel
to the one of the sides of the loop and is in the plane of the loop. If a steady current I is established in
wire as shown in figure, the loop will
(a) Rotate about an axis parallel to the wire
(b) Move away from the wire or towards right
(c) Move towards the wire
(d) Remain stationary
60. A part of a long wire carrying a current i is bent into a circle of radius r as shown in figure. The net
magnetic field at the centre O of the circular loop is
(a) (b)
(c) ( ) (d) ( )

61. On component of velocity of charge, magnetic force depends in magnetic field.
62. Draw magnetic field pattern due to current circular loop.
63. An electron does not suffer any deflection while passing through a region of uniform magnetic field.
What is the direction of the magnetic field?
64. A beam of particles projected along + x-axis, experiences a force due to a magnetic field along the + y
–axis. What is the direction of the magnetic field?
65. How is a moving coil galvanometer converted into a voltmeter? Explain, giving the necessary circuit
diagram and the required mathematical relation used.
66. Define the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer. “Increasing the current sensitivity may not
necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity”. Justify this statement.
67. Why should the material used for making permanent magnets have high coercivity?
68. What is the characteristic property of a diamagnetic material?
69. Write two characteristics of a material used for making permanent magnets.
70. Why did core of an electromagnet make of ferromagnetic materials?
Dr G SINGH Page 18
71. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is -4.2 × 10-6. Name the type of magnetic materials it
represents.
72. What are dia magnetic materials? Write their four examples.
73. What are para magnetic materials? Write their four examples.
74. What are ferro magnetic materials? Write their four examples.
75. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at a place is B and angle of dip is 60 0. What is
the value of vertical component of earth’s magnetic field at equator?
76. Mention the two characteristic properties of the material suitable for making core of a transformer.
77. Write four properties of dia magnetic materials.
78. Write four properties of para magnetic materials.
79. Write four properties of para magnetic materials.
80. Define the term magnetic susceptibility and intensity of magnetisation.
81. An electron is moving on circular path of radius .05m with velocity 1000m/s. determine magnetic
dipole moment of revolving electron.
82. What is the function of (i) uniform radial magnetic field, (ii) soft iron core?
83. Define the terms (i) current sensitivity and (ii) voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer. Why does
increasing the current sensitivity not necessarily increase voltage sensitivity?
84. Write four properties of suspension wire in moving coil galvanometer.
85. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines for a circular coil carrying current. (b) Two identical circular
loops X and Y of radius R and carrying the same current are kept in perpendicular planes such that they
have a common centre at P as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of the net
magnetic field at the point P due to the loops.
86. What are current and voltage sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer. Write their units.
87. The figure shows three infinitely long straight parallel current carrying conductors. Find the (i)
magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at point A lying on conductor 1, (ii) magnetic force
on conductor 2.
88. A neutron, an electron and an alpha particle moving with equal velocities, enter a uniform magnetic
field going into the plane of the paper as shown. Trace their paths in the field and justify your answer.
89. State Ampere’s circuital law. Write the expression for the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil
of radius R carrying a current l. Draw the magnetic field lines due to this coil.
90. Write the expression for the force acting on a charged particle of charge q moving with velocity in the
presence of magnetic field ⃗ . Show that in the presence of this force: The kinetic energy of the particle
does not change. Its instantaneous power is zero.
Dr G SINGH Page 19
91. (a) Derive an expression for the force per unit length experienced by two infinitely long straight parallel
wires, carrying currents in the same direction. Use the above to define one ampere. Show that the
oppositely directed parallel currents repel whereas currents flowing in the same direction attract.
92. (a) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer. What
is the importance of a radial magnetic field and how is it produced? Why is it that while using a moving
coil galvanometer as a voltmeter a high resistance in series is required whereas in an ammeter a shunt
is used?
93. State Biot-Savart law, giving the mathematical expression for it. Use this law to derive the expression
for the magnetic field due to a circular coil carrying current at a point along its axis. How does a circular
loop carrying current behave as a magnet?
94. What is magnetic dipole of current carrying loop? Determine expression for torque experienced by
current carrying rectangular loop in uniform magnetic field.
95. State and prove ampere’s circuital law. Determine expression for magnetic field infinite long current
carrying wire and inside thick cylindrical current wire.
96. Two long parallel wires are placed at a distance of 3.0cm. They carry 2.0 ampere and 3.0 ampere
current, respectively. Calculate the force experienced by each wire per unit length of the other wire.
97. Define magnetic dipole moment of bar magnet. Write its SI unit. Determine magnetic field intensity at
any point on equatorial axis and axial axis.
98. A rectangular loop of wire of size 4cm 10cm carries a steady current of 2A. A straight long wire
carrying 5 A current is kept near the loop as shown in figure. If the loop and wire are coplanar, find: (i)
the torque acting on the loop and (ii) the magnitude and direction of the force on the loop due to the
current carrying wire.
99. What is magnetic potential energy of bar magnet in uniform magnetic field. Determine its expression.
100. In fig. along straight wire PQ carries a current of 12A in the direction of the arrow. An electron travels
with a velocity of 4.0 104 m/s parallel to the wire .1m away from it and in the direction opposite to
the current. What force does the magnetic field of current exert on the moving electron? What is the
direction of this force?
Unit-4 (Electromagnetic induction)

Mcq (one mark)
1. The law which is given for electromagnetic induction
(a) Faraday’s law (b) ohm’s law (c) coulomb’s law (d) ampere’s circuital law
2. The law which is given for direction of induced current
(a) Fleming’s left hand rule (b) Lenz’s law (c) right hand thumb rule (d) ampere’s circuital law
3. A conductor of length l is moving in magnetic field B with speed v then emf induced
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4. A cycle wheel is rotated in magnetic field B where magnetic field is perpendicular to plane of wheel. If
radius of wheel is r and angular velocity then emf induced in spoke of wheel
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Dr G SINGH Page 20
5. The direction of induced current can be determine by
(a) Fleming’s left hand rule (c) Fleming’s right hand rule
(b)right hand thumb rule (d) ampere’s circuital law
6. The source of induced emf
(a)magnetic field (b) change in magnetic flux (c) magnetic flux (d) magnet
7. The SI unit of self inductance is
(a) Henry (b) J/s (c) N-m/C (d) Weber
8. The SI unit of mutual inductance is
(a) N-m/C (b) J/s (c) (d) none
9. The SI unit of magnetic flux is
(a) T-m (b) JS (c) N-m/C (d) Weber
10. The electric current used in induction furnace is
(a)eddy current (b) AC current (c) steady current (d) direct current
11. The electric current used in moving coil galvanometer for damping of oscillation of coil is
(a)steady current (b) AC current (c) eddy current (d) direct current
12. The self inductance (L) of any solenoid of length and area of cross-section A and no of turns N
(a) (b) (c) (d)
13. The root mean square value of A.C. is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√ √
14. The mutual inductance (M) of two coaxial solenoid each of length and area of cross-section A and no
of turns and
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15. The average value of A.C. in full cycle
16. The phase difference b/w voltage and current in the circuit containing pure resistance with A.C.
17. The phase difference b/w voltage and current in the circuit containing pure capacitance with A.C.
18. The phase difference b/w voltage and current in the circuit containing pure inductor with A.C.
19. In L-R circuit with AC, the voltage
20. In C-R circuit with AC, the voltage
21. In L-C circuit with AC, the voltage
22. The power factor in any AC crt is
23. The power factor in resonant crt is
24. The expression for resonance frequency
(a) (b) (c) √ (d) none
√ √
25. The quality factor of LC resonant circuit
(a) √ (b) √ (c) √ (d) none
26. The maximum value of induced emf in AC generator is
Dr G SINGH Page 21
27. The principle of mutual induction based device is
(a)AC generator (b) transformer (c) (d) cyclotron
28. The principle of AC generator is
(a)mutual induction (b) electromagnetic induction (c)torque (d) force
29. The transformer ratio is
30. The frequency of electric current and voltage in an AC circuit is , then frequency of power is
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) none of these
31. The impedance (Z) of LCR circuit is
(a) √ ( ) (b)√ ( ) (c)√ ( ) (d) none of these

32. The impedance (Z) of LR circuit is

33. The impedance (Z) of CR circuit is

34. The impedance (Z) of LC circuit is
(a) √( ) (b)√ ( ) (c)√( ) (d) none of these

35. The phase difference ( ) of LCR circuit is
( ) ( ) ( )
(a) (b) (C) (d) none of these
36. The phase difference ( ) of LR circuit is
37. The phase difference ( ) of CR circuit is
( ) ( ) (C) (d) none of these
38. The phase difference ( ) of LC circuit is
39. The correct formula self-inductance L is
(a) L= (b) (c) (d) none of these
40. In which electric component ,the current is watt-less
(a)inductor (b) (c) (d) (a) and (b)
41. A long solenoid has 500 turns. When a current of 2 ampere is passed through it, the resulting magnetic
flux linked with each turn of the solenoid is . The self-inductance of the solenoid is:
(a) 4.0 henry (c) 2.5 henry
(b) 2.0 henry (d) 1.0 henry
42. The direction of electric current in given loop
(a) Clockwise (b) Anticlockwise
(c) no current (d) All above
43. The direction of induced emf in given figure
(a) P to Q (b) Q to P
(c) no emf (d) None of these
44. The direction of electric current in given loop
(a) Clockwise (b) Anticlockwise
(c) no current (d) None of these
45. A rod of length is moving in uniform magnetic field with velocity such that velocity makes an
angle with the direction of magnetic field then expression of emf induced
Dr G SINGH Page 22
46. A cycle wheel with 30 spokes is rotating in uniform magnetic field, if induced emf in one spoke is then
emf across 20 spokes
(a) e (b) 20e (c) 30e (d) None of these
47. Lenz’s law obeys to
(a) Conservation of charge(b) Conservation of energy(c) conservation of momentum(d) None of these
48. The self-inductance of a coil having 200 turns is 10 mH. The total flux linked with the coil
corresponding to current of 4 mA.
49. The mutual-inductance of a two identical coaxial coils is 5 mH. The flux linked with a turn in the second
coil is corresponding to current of 14 mA in primary coil. Then No of turns in the second
coil is
50. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with a circuit changes, an emf is induced in circuit.
(b) the induced emf lasts so long as the change in magnetic flux continues.
(c) the direction of induced emf is given by lenz’s law.
(d) lenz’s law is a consequences of the law of conservation of momentum.
51. A metal plate can be heated by
(a) Passing either a direct or alternating current through the plate.
(b) Placing in a time varying magnetic field.
(c) Placing in a space varying magnetic field, but does not vary with time.
(d) Both (a) and (b) are correct
52. The steady current flows from A to B is as shown in the figure. The direction of the induced current in
the loop is A B
(a) Clockwise. (b) Anticlockwise.
(c) Straight Line. (d) No induced e.m.f. produced.
53. The magnetic flux linked with a coil of N turns of area of cross section A held with its plane parallel to
the field B is
(a) (b) (c) (d) zero
54. Direction of current induced in a wire moving in a Magnetic field is found using
(a) Fleming’s Left hand rule (b) Fleming’s right hand rule
(c) Ampere’s rule (d) Right hand clasp rule
55. The root mean square value of AC is
(a) 36.6 % of peak value of AC (b) 63.6 % of peak value of AC
(c) 70.7 % of peak value of AC (d) none of these
56. Two solenoids of equal number of turns have their lengths and the radii in the same ratio . The
ratio of their self-inductances will be
(a) (c) (d)
(b) (e)

57. State the Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.
58. Define mutual inductance. Give its SI units.
59. State lenz’s law.
60. State fleming’s right hand rule.
61. A plot of magnetic flux ( ) versus current (l) is shown in the figure for two inductors A and B. Which of
the two has larger value of self inductance?
62. Define self-inductance of a coil. Write its SI units.
Dr G SINGH Page 23
63. The magnetic flux through a coil perpendicular to the plane is varying according to the relation: = (5t3
+ 4t2 + 2t 5)Wb. Calculate induce emf at 2 sec.
64. An alternating current is expressed as I = sin(100πt+ π/3). Find rms value of current, frequency and
√
initial phase of the current.
65. Two loops of different shapes are moved in a region of uniform magnetic field in the directions marked
by arrows as shown in the figure. What is the direction of the induced current in each loop?
66. A rectangular loop of wire is p right, away from the Long straight wire through which a steady current I
flows upwards. What is the direction of induced current in the Loop?
67. A circular loop is moved through the region of uniform magnetic field. Find the direction of induced
current (clockwise or anticlockwise) when the loop moves: (a) Into the field, and (b) Out of the field
68. A rectangular loop of wire is pulled to the right, away from the long straight wire through which a
steady current l flows upwards. What is the direction of induced current in the loop?
69. Two bar magnets are quickly moved towards an metallic loop connected across a capacitor ‘C’ as
shown in the figure. Predict the polarity of the capacitor.
70.A planar loop of rectangular shape is moved within the region of a uniform magnetic field acting
perpendicular to its plane. What is the direction and magnitude of the current induced in it ?
71. An iron-cored solenoid has self-inductance 2.8 H. When the core is removed, the self-inductance
become 2 mH. What is the relative permeability of the core used?
72. A light bulb and a solenoid are connected in series across an ac source of voltage. Explain, how the
glow of the light bulb will be affected when an iron rod is inserted in the solenoid.
73. The variation of magnetic flux is given blow. Then draw the variation of induced emf with time.
74. A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform magnetic field region (as shown) to a
field-free region with a constant velocity v. In which loop do you expect the induced emf to be constant
during the passage out of the field region? The field is normal to the loops.
75. The variation of electric current versus time in a coil of no of turns 100 is given in figure as shown, then
determine induced emf in coil if its self-inductance is 10mH. Ans: 5 milli-volt
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76. A light bulb and an open coil inductor are connected to an ac source through a key as shown in Fig. The
switch is closed and after sometime, an iron rod is inserted into the interior of the inductor. The glow
of the light bulb (a) increases; (b) decreases; (c) is unchanged, as the iron rod is inserted. Give your
answer with reasons.
77. A light bulb and an capacitor are connected to an ac source through a key as shown in Fig. The switch is
closed and after sometime, a dielectric rod is inserted into the interior of the capacitor. The glow of the
light bulb (a) increases; (b) decreases; (c) is unchanged, as the dielectric rod is inserted. Give your
answer with reasons.
78. In the circuit shown in fig, the potential difference across the inductor L and resistance R is 12 V and 9
V, respectively and rms value of the current is 3 A. calculate: (i) the impedance of the circuit, (ii) the
phase angle between the voltage and current.
79. A bulb of resistance 10 connected to an inductor of inductor of inductance L is in series with an A.C.
source marked 100 V, 50 Hz. If the phase angle between the volt and current is radian, calculate the
value of L.
80. In fig. the voltages VL, VC and VR measured by A.C. voltmeter, are obtained as 2 V, 11 V and 12 V
respectively. Find the phase difference between resultant voltage and current in the circuit. Also
calculate the emf of A.C. source .
81. Over a solenoid of length 50 cm and radius 2 cm, having 500 turns is wound another wire of 50 turns
near the centre. Calculate the (a) mutual inductance of the two coils. (b) induced emf in the second coil
when the current in the primary changes from 0 to 5A in 0.02 second.
82. In a series LCR circuit, the voltages across an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are 30V, 30 V and 60V
respectively. What is the phase difference between the applied voltage and the current in the circuit?
83. How does the mutual inductance of a pair of coils change when?
(i) distance between the coils is increased and
(ii) number of turns in the coils is increased?
84. The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by I = 10 sin 314 t A and V = 50 sin
(314 t + )V. What is the power of dissipation in the circuit? Name the component also.
85. Define the term ‘wattless current’. Where is it used.
86. The current flowing through a pure inductor of inductance 4 mHis I = 12 cos300 t ampere. What is (i)
rms and (ii) average value of the current for a complete cycle?
87. Obtain the expression for the mutual inductance of a pair of coaxial circular coils of radii r and R (R> r)
placed with their centres coinciding.
Dr G SINGH Page 25
88. In an (L-C) oscillatory circuit a capacitance of 2.4 F is used. If the natural frequency of the circuit is
1MHz, then calculate inductance of the coil required for oscillatory circuit.
89. Show that the average power consumed in an inductor L connected to an a.c. source is zero. (b) In a
series LR circuit, XL = R and the power factor of the circuit is P1 . When a capacitor with capacitance C
such that XC = XL is put in series, the power factor becomes P2 . Find out P1 / P2 .
90. A coil of number of turns N, area A, is rotated at a constant angular speed , in a uniform magnetic
field B, and connected to a resistor R. deduce expressions for: (a)Maximum emf induced in the coil (b)
Power dissipation in the coil.
91. Determine the value of phase difference between the current and the voltage in the given series LCR
circuit. Calculate the value of the additional capacitor which may be joined suitably to the capacitor C that
would make the power factor of the circuit unity.
92. Define and calculate self-inductance for a long solenoid of length l, number of turns N and radius r.
93. The magnetic field through a circular loop of wire 12 cm in radius and 8·5  resistance, changes with
time as shown in the figure. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Calculate the
induced current in the loop and plot it as a function of time.
Long answer type questions (5 marks)

94. Explain the term ‘inductive reactance’. Show graphically the variation of inductive reactance with
frequency of the applied alternating voltage. An a.c. voltage E = E0 sin t is applied across a pure
inductor of inductance L. show mathematically that the current flowing through it lags behind the
applied voltage by a phase angle of . Explain the term ‘capacitive reactance’. Show graphically the
variation of capacitive reactance with frequency of the applied alternating voltage.
95. (a) Derive an expression for the average power consumed in a series LCR circuit connected to a.c.
source in which the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is . Define the
quality factor in an a.c. circuit. Why should the quality factor have high value in receiving circuits?
Name the factors on which it depends.
96. With the help of a labelled diagram, describe briefly the underlying principle and working of a step up
transformer. Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer.
97. A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it violate law of
conservation of energy? Explain.
98. State the working of a.c. generator with the help of labelled diagram. The coil of an a.c. generator
having N turns, each of area A, is rotated with a constant angular velocity . Deduce the expression for
the alternating e.m.f. generated in the coil. What is the source of energy generation in this device?
99. What is impedance triangle in LCR circuit? Define ‘power factor’. State the condition under which it is
(i) maximum and (ii) minimum?
100. A metallic rod CD rests on a thick metallic wire PQRS with arms RP and RS parallel to each other at a
distance l = 40 cm, as shown in fig. A uniform magnetic field B = 0.1T acts perpendicular to the plane of
this paper pointing inwards (i.e. way from the reader). The rod is now made to slide towards right, with
a constant velocity of v = 5.0m/sec. (i) How much emf is induced between two ends of the rod CD? (ii)
what is the direction in which the induced current flows?
Dr G SINGH Page 26
Unit-5 (Electromagnetic wave)
Mcq (one mark)
1. The faraday’s law which is given for electromagnetic induction
(a)∮ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ (b) ∮ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ (c)∮ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ (d) ∮ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
2. Displacement current inside capacitor in AC crt
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3. Displacement current is related with conduction current
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4. Equation of continuity in electrodynamics
(a)∮ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ ( )(b) ∮ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ (c)∮ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ (d) ∮ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ ( )
5. In electromagnetic wave electric field ⃗⃗⃗ and magnetic field ⃗ are
(a) ⃗ ⃗ (b) ⃗ ⃗ (c) ⃗ ⃗ (d) ⃗ ⃗
6. In electromagnetic wave electric field ⃗⃗⃗ and velocity are
(a) ⃗ (b) ⃗ (c) ⃗ (d) ⃗
7. In electromagnetic wave velocity ⃗⃗⃗ and magnetic field ⃗ are
(a) ⃗ (b) ⃗ (c) ⃗ (d) ⃗
8. Which one order for EM wave is correct
(a)radio>red>X-ray (b) red > radio > x-ray (c) x-ray> radio > red (d)
9. The order of frequency range for ultraviolet ray
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10. Which one order for EM wave is correct
(a)radio<red<X-ray (b) red < radio < x-ray (c) x-ray< radio < red (d)
11. The relation b/w electric field ⃗ , magnetic field ⃗ and velocity of em wave
(a) ⃗ ⃗ (b) ⃗ ⃗ (c) ⃗ ⃗ (d) ⃗ ⃗
12. The EM waves which are used in water purification
(a)ultraviolet (b) X-ray (c) radio wave (d)
13. The EM waves which are used in lasik laser eye surgery
14. The EM wave which are used in RADAR
(a)ultraviolet (b) X-ray (c) microwave (d)
15. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum has largest penetrating power?
16. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer?
17. Name the electromagnetic radiation used to destroy cancer cells
18. The electromagnetic wave produced by oscillating charge is
19. Name the constituent radiation of electromagnetic spectrum which is used for Aircraft navigation.
20. Name the constituent radiation of electromagnetic spectrum which is used for Studying crystal
tructure.
21. The speed of an electromagnetic wave in a material medium is given be
(a)
√
(b) (c) √ (d)
22. The transverse wave is
(a)ultraviolet (b) X-ray (c) visible (d)
Dr G SINGH Page 27
23. Write the following radiations in ascending order in respect of their frequencies;
X-rays, microwaves, UV rays and radio waves.
24. Name the electromagnetic radiation to which waves of wavelength in the range of 10 -2 m belong. Give
one use of this part of EM spectrum.
25. Name the EM waves used for studying crystal structure of solids. What is its frequency range?
26. Name the electromagnetic radiations which are produced when high energy electrons are bombarded
on a metal target.
27. Name the electromagnetic radiation which can be produced by a klystron or a magnetron valve.
28. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum has largest penetrating power?
29. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer?
30. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum is used in radar systems?
31. Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum whose wavelength lies in the range of 10-10 m. give its one
use.
32. Which of the following has the shortest wavelength: Microwaves, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays?
33. Arrange the following in descending order of wave length:X-rays, Radio waves, Blue light, infrared light.
34. What is the frequency of electromagnetic waves produced by oscillating charge of frequency v?
35. What is displacement current?
36. Name the electromagnetic radiations used for (a) water purification, and (b) eye surgery.
37. What is electromagnetic induction?
38. What is phase difference b/w electric field and magnetic field in electromagnetic wave?
39. How are electric field and magnetic field related with each other in electromagnetic wave?
40. How does EM wave apply pressure on any surface?
41. What is relation b/w conduction current and displacement current?
42. How are infrared waves produced? What is the range of their wavelength?
43. How are radio waves , X-rays, microwaves produced?
44. Write two uses of microwaves, infrared rays , UV ray, and X-rays.
45. Name the electromagnetic radiation used to destroy cancer cells and write its frequency range.
46. To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum do the waves emitted by radioactive nuclei belong?
What is its frequency range?
47. Write five properties of EM waves.
48. Show that em wave has transverse nature.
49. Show that average electric energy density is equal to average magnetic energy density in em wave.
50. Name the e.m. waves in the wavelength range 10 nm to 10–3 nm. How are these waves generated?
Write their two uses.
51. How are em waves produced by oscillating charges ? Draw a sketch of linearly polarized em waves
propagating in the Z-direction. Indicate the directions of the oscillating electric and magnetic
fields.Write Maxwell’s generalization of Ampere’s Circuital Law. Show that in the process of charging a
capacitor, the current produced within the plates of the capacitor is , where is the
electric flux produced during charging of the capacitor plates.
52. The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by By = 2 x 10 -7 sin (0.5 x 103x + 1.5 x 1011 t)
T. What is the wave length and frequency of the wave? Write an expression for the electric field.
Dr G SINGH Page 28
Unit -6 (Ray and wave Optics)
Mcq (one mark)
1. The relation b/w focal length and radius of curvature of mirror is
2. A light ray is incident of a mirror at an angle of incidence , then the angle of glance
3. A light ray is incident of a mirror at an angle of incidence , then the angle of reflection is
4. A light ray is incident of a mirror at an angle of incidence , if mirror is rotated by an angle then angle
b/w incident ray and reflected ray
5. Shaving mirror is
6. Rear view mirror in vehicle is
7. Snell’s law is
8. If angle of incidence is equal to angle of emergence then incidence ray and emergent ray are
9. The refractive index of liquid is equal to
(a) (b) (c) real depth apparent depth(d) none of these
10. Speed of light in the medium is
(a) Directly proportional to refractive index (b) inversely proportional to refractive index
(c) Independent from refractive index (d) can’t say
11. Frequency of light during refraction
(a) decreases (b) increases (c) remains same (d) none of these
12. Frequency of light during reflection
13. Change of phase of refracting light during refraction
(a) (b) (c) remains same (d) none of these
14. Change of phase of reflecting light during reflection
(a) (b) (c) remains same (d) none of these
15. Lateral displacement of light during refraction by glass slab of thickness t
( )
( ) ( )
16. Focal length of lens in terms of object distance and image distance
17. Focal length of mirror in terms of object distance and image distance
18. Focal length of lens
(a) ( )( )(b) ( )( ) (c) (d) none of these
19. Focal length of plane mirror
(a) (b) (c) can’t say (d) none of these
20. Focal length of concave mirror
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) none of these
21. Focal length of convex mirror
(a) (b)0 (c) (d) none of these
22. Focal length of concave lens
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) none of these
Dr G SINGH Page 29
23. Focal length of convex lens
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) none of these
24. Refraction formula for refraction by spherical surface from rarer( ) to denser( )
25. Relation b/w focal length(cm) and power of lens
(a) D (b) D (c) 0 (d) none of these
26. Intensity of scattering of light is
(a) Directly proportional to wavelength (b) inversely proportional to wavelength
(c) Independent from wavelength (d) can’t say
27. Twinkling of stars is due to
(a)refraction of light (b) (c) (d) none of these
28. Total internal reflection of light occurs when light goes from
(a)rarer to denser (b) (c) (d) none of these
29. Optical fibre communication is based on
(a) Total internal reflection (b) reflection (c) refraction (d) none of these
30. For total internal reflection which one is true
31. Prism formula is
( )⁄ ( )⁄ ( )⁄
( ⁄ ) ⁄ ( ⁄ )
32. Condition of minimum deviation in refraction of light by prism
(a) (b) (c) (d)
33. The least deviate light in white light during refraction of light by prism
(a) red light (b) green light (c) violet light (d) none
34. The focal length of lens with refractive index
35. The focal length of lens with wavelength of light
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) remains same (d) none of these
36. Magnifying power of compound microscope
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) none of these
37. Magnifying power of astronomical telescope
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) none of these
38. The size of objective and eye lens in compound microscope
(a) small, large (b) large, small (c) both are same (d) none of these
39. The size of objective and eye lens in astronomical telescope
(a) small, large (b) large, small (c) both are same (d) none of these
40. Reflecting type telescope consists
(a) parabolic mirror (b) concave mirror (c) concave lens (d) none of these
41. Huygens’s principle is related with
(a) particle nature of light (b) wave theory of light (c) speed of light (d) none
42. Interference of light can be explained by
(a) newton’s theory of light (b) Huygens’s wave theory of light
(c) transverse nature of light (d) none
43. Interference pattern of light is possible by
(a) coherent sources (b) incoherent sources (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none
44. The coherent sources are
(a) monochromatic (b) polychromatic (c) independent (d) none of these
45. The coherent sources have
(a) variable phase difference (b)constant phase difference
Dr G SINGH Page 30
(c) may constant phase difference (d) none of these
46. The independent monochromatic sources are
(a)coherent source (b) Incoherent sources(c) may be coherent sources (d) none
47. The phase difference for constructive interference
(a) (b) ( ) (c)( ) (d) none of these
48. The path difference for constructive interference
(a) (b) (c)( ) (d) n
49. The phase difference for destructive interference
50. The path difference for destructive interference
(a) (b) (c)( ) (d) n
51. The amplitude of waves emitted from two coherent sources are a and b, then maximum intensity in
interference pattern is directly proportional to
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) (d) none of these
52. The amplitude of waves emitted from two coherent sources are a and b, then minimum intensity in
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) (d) none of these
53. The intensity of waves emitted from two coherent sources are and , then minimum intensity in
(a) (√ √ ) (b) (√ √ ) (c) (d) none of these
54. The intensity of waves emitted from two coherent sources are and , then maximum intensity in
(a) (√ √ ) (b) (√ √ ) (c) (d) none of these
55. The width of fringe in interference pattern
56. The width of fringe if interference apparatus is fully immerge in liquid of refractive index
57. The intensity of each source is and phase difference is then intensity on the interference pattern is
58. The distance b/w plane of slits and screen increases then angular width of center maximum in
interference
59. The distance b/w plane of slits and screen increases then linear width of center maximum in
interference
nd
60. The distance of 2 dark from center maxima in interference
61. The condition of interference is
62. The condition of diffraction is
63. The path difference for secondary maxima in diffraction
(a) (b) ( ) (c)( ) (d) n
64. The phase difference for secondary maxima in diffraction
65. The path difference for secondary minima in diffraction
(a) (b) (c)( ) (d) n
Dr G SINGH Page 31
66. The phase difference for secondary minima in diffraction
67. The distance b/w plane of slit and screen increases then angular width of center maximum in
diffraction
68. The distance b/w plane of slit and screen increases then linear width of center maximum in diffraction
69. The width of center maxima in diffraction
70. Diffraction of light can be explained by
71. Two light waves are moving together in same phase then the amplitude of resultant wave is
(a) Maximum (b) minimum (c) Zero (d)
72. The amplitude of resultant wave when two light waves are moving together is minimum then the
phase b/w waves is
(a) 1800 (b) 900 (c) 00 (d)
73. The sources of light having same frequency and different phase difference are
(a) Coherent sources (b) coherent sources (c)may be coherent (d)
74. The sources of light having same frequency and constant phase difference are
(a) Coherent sources (b) coherent sources (c)May be coherent (d)
75. Two independent monochromatic sources of light are
(a) Coherent sources (b) coherent sources (c)May be coherent (d)
76. If two light waves having same frequency have intensity ratio 4 : 1 and they interfere, the ratio of
maximum to minimum intensity in the pattern will be
(a) 9 : 1 (b) 3 : 1 (c) 25 : 9 (d) 16 : 25
77. Two beams of light having intensities I and 4I interfere to produce a fringe pattern on a screen. The
phase difference between the beams is at point A and at point B. Then the difference between the
resultant intensities at A and B is
(a) 2I (b) 4I (c) 5I (d) 7I
78. If two waves represented by =4 sin t and = 3 sin ( t+ ) interfere at a point, the amplitude of
the resulting wave will be about
(a) 7 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 3.
79. Two interfering wave (having intensities are 9I and 4I) path difference between them is 11 . The
resultant intensity at this point will be
(a) I (b) 9 I (c) 4 I (d) 25 I
80. Path difference for minimum intensity is
(a) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) ( )
81. If two coherent light waves of same intensities superposed on each other than maximum intensity
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) none of these
82. Two coherent light waves of same intensities superposed on each other with path difference than
intensity of light at that point
(a) 2I (b) 4I (c) zero (d) none of these
83. If two waves represented by = 6 sin t and = 8 sin ( t+ ) interfere at a point, the amplitude of
the resulting wave will be about
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) zero (d) none of these
Dr G SINGH Page 32
84. In interference if the ratio of maximum and minimum intensity is 81:36, then what will be the ratio of
intensities of the interfering wave.
(a) 1:1 (b) 9 :4 (c) 4 :1 (d) 25 :1
85. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the slit separation is 1 mm and the screen is 1 m from the slit. For a
monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm, the distance of 3rd minima from the central maxima is
(a) 0.50 mm (b) 1.25 mm (c) 1.50 mm (d) 1.75 mm
86. In Young’s experiment, light of wavelength 4000 Å is used, and fringes are formed at 2 metre distance
and has a fringe width of 0.6 mm. If whole of the experiment is performed in a liquid of refractive index
1.5, then width of fringe will be
(a) 0.2 mm (b) 0.3 mm (c) 0.4 mm (d) 1.2 mm
87. In Young’s experiment, light of wavelength 4000 Å is used, and fringes are formed at 2 metre distance
and has a fringe width of 0.6 mm. If whole of the experiment is performed in a liquid of refractive index
1.5, then width of fringe will be
(a) 0.2 mm (b) 0.3 mm (c) 0.4 mm (d) 1.2 mm
88. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the slit separation is 1 mm and the screen is 1 m from the slits. For
a monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm, the width of slit is
(a) 0.5 mm (b) .25 mm (c) .50 cm (d) none
89. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the slit separation is 1 mm and the screen is 2 m from the slits.
The width of slit is .5 mm For a monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm, the width of slit is
(a) 0.1 micrometre (b) 1 micrometre (c) .5 micrometre (d) none
90. In double slit experiment, instead of taking slits of equal widths, one slit is made twice as wide as the
other. Then, in the interference pattern
(a) the intensities of both the maxima and the minima increase.
(b) the intensities of the maxima increases and minima has zero intensity.
(c) the intensity of the maxima decreases and that of the minima increases.
(d) the intensity of the maxima decreases and the minima has zero intensity.
91. To demonstrate the phenomenon of interference, we require
(a) two sources which emit radiation of the same frequency
(b) two sources which emit radiation of nearly the same frequency
(c) two sources which emit radiation of the same frequency and have a definite phase relationship.
(d) two sources which emit radiation of different wavelength
92. In an interference experiment, third bright fringe is obtained at a point on the screen with a light of
700nm. What should be the wavelength of the light source in order to obtain 5th bright fringe at the same
point?
(a) 630 nm (b) 500 nm (c) 420 nm (d) 750 nm
93. A young’s double slit experiment uses a monochromatic source. The shape of the interference fringes
formed on a screen is
(a) straight line (b) parabola (c) circle (d) hyperbola
94. In YDSE, if the separation between two slits is halved and the distance between plane of slit and screen
is doubled, then fringe width will be
(a) four times (b) doubled (c) halved (d) one fourth.
95. Maximum diffraction takes place in a given slit for
(a) γ rays (b) ultraviolet light (c) Infrared light (d) radio waves
96. For diffraction of light , the size of aperture should be comparable of
(a) Wavelength of light used (b) amplitude of light used(c) Frequency of light used (d) none of these
97. Polarization of light can be explained by
98. Which phenomenon is not possible in sound wave
(a) interference (b) diffraction (c) polarization (d) none of these
Dr G SINGH Page 33
99. What is refractive index?
100. Write lens maker’s formula, and refraction formula by spherical surface also.
101. What is total internal reflection (T.I.R.)? Write its necessary conditions.
102. What is critical angle? Write its formula.
103. Write applications of T.I.R. .
104. Name the factors on which focal length of lens depends.
105. What is principal of reversibility?
106. When light travels from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium, why does the critical angle of
incidence depend on the colour of light?
107. When light travels from a rarer medium to denser medium, the speed of light decreases. Does the
reduction in speed imply a reduction in the energy?
108. The focal length of an equiconvex lens is equal to the radius of curvature of either face. What is the
refractive index of the material of the lens ?
109. Draw diagram for refraction of light by prism and define angle of deviation.
110. Draw the variation of angle of deviation with angle of incidence.
111. Write the relation b/w real depth and apparent depth.
112. If a lens is cut along its diameter then what is the focal length each part.

113. Two lenses of focal 20cm and 10cm are kept in contact. Determine power of combination of lens.
114. Two lenses of power 5D and -3D are in contact. What is focal length of combination?
115. A light ray is incident on one face of a equilateral prism at an angle of incidence 600. If refractive index
of material of prism is √ . Then determine angle of minimum deviation.
116. Determine focal of lens in air whose refractive index of medium is 1.5 and radii of curvature 20cm.
117. Determine focal of lens in medium of refractive index 1.2 where refractive index of medium of lens is
1.5 and radii of curvature 20cm.
118. The focal length of double convex each of radii 40 cm lens in air is 20 cm. if it is placed in medium of
refractive index1.4 then determine new focal length of lens.
119. How does the angular separation of interference fringes change, in young’s experiment, if the distance
between the slits is increased?
120. State the reason, why two independent sources of light cannot be considered as coherent sources.
121. Differentiate between a ray and a wavefront.
122. How would the angular separation of interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment change
when the distance between the slits and screen is doubled?
123. Draw the wavefront coming out of a convex lens when a point source of light is placed at its focus.
124. Unpolarised light of intensity is passed through a polaroid. What is the intensity of the light
transmitted by the Polaroid?
125. Why are coherent sources required to creat interference of light?
126. Sketch the shape of wavefront emerging from a point source of light and also mark the rays.
127. When monochromatic light travels from one medium of another its wavelength changes but frequency
remains the same. Explain.
128. State Huygens’ principle of diffraction of light.
129. How does the angular separation between fringes in single-slit diffraction experiment change when the
distance of separation between the slits and screen is doubled?
130. In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double the original width. How does
this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction band?
131. How does the fringe width, in Young’s double-slit experiment, change when the distance of separation
between the slits and screen is doubled?
Dr G SINGH Page 34
132. (a)What are coherent sources of light? Two slits in young’s double slit experiment are illuminated by
two different sodium lamps emitting light of the same wavelength. Why is no interference pattern
observed?
(b) Obtain the condition for getting dark and bright fringes in young’s experiment. Hence write the
expression for the fringe width.
(c) If s is the size of the source and d its distance from the plane of the two slits, what should be the
criterion for the interference fringes to be seen.
133. What is the effect on the interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment when The separation
between the two slits is increased? The width of the source slit is increased? The monochromatic
source is replaced by a source of white light?Justify your answer in each case.The intensity at the
central maxima in Young’s double slit experimental set-up is I0. Show that the intensity at a point where
the path difference is I/3 is I0/4.
134. In Young’s double slit experiment, derive the condition for (i) constructive interference and (ii)
destructive interference at a point on the screen.A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 800
nm and 600 nm, is used to obtain the interference fringes in a young’s double slit experiment on a
screen placed 1.4 m away. If the two slits are separated by 0.28 mm, calculate the least distance from
the central bright maximum where the bright fringes of the two wavelengths coincide.
135. (a )Explain with reason, how the power of a diverging lens changes when (i) it is kept in a medium of
refractive index greater than that of the lens. (ii) incident red light is replaced by violet light.
(b) Three lenses L1 , L2 , L3 each of focal length 30 cm are placed co-axially as shown in the figure. An
object is held at 60 cm from the optic centre of lens L 1 . The final real image is formed at the focus of L3
. Calculate the separation between (i) (L1 and L2 ) and (ii) (L2 and L3 ).
136. A plane wavefront approaches a plane surface separating two media. If medium ‘one’ is optically
denser and medium ‘two’ is optically rarer, using Huygens’ principle, explain and show how a refracted
wavefront is constructed.Hence verify Snell’s law.When a light wave travels from a rarer to a denser
medium, the speed decreased does it imply reduction in its energy? Explain.
137. State Huygens’s principle. Show, with the help of a, suitable diagram, how this principle is used to
obtain the diffraction pattern by a single slit. Draw a plot of intensity distribution and explain clearly
why the secondary maxima become weaker with increasing order (n) of the secondary maxima.The
ratio of the intensity at minima to the maxima in young’s double slit experiment is 9:25. Find the ratio
of the widths of the two slits.
138. (a) If one of two identical slits producing interference in Young’s experiment is covered with glass, so
that the light intensity passing through it is reduced to 50%, find the ratio of the maximum and
minimum intensity of the fringe in the interference pattern.(b) What kind of fringes do you expect to
observe if white light is used instead of monochromatic light?
139. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a combination of two thin convex lenses in
contact. Obtain the expression for the power of this combination in terms of the focal lengths of the
lenses. (b) A ray of light passing from air through an equilateral glass prism undergoes minimum
deviation when the angle of incidence isof the angle of prism. Calculate the speed of light in the prism.
140. (a) (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of image in an compound microscope for an
object and determine its magnifying power in both type of vision.
(b) In compound microscope focal length of convex lenses are 2 cm and 10 cm. determine its
magnifying power in distint vision. What is its length if object is placed at a distance of 2.2 cm infront
of objective lens.
141. (a) (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of image in an astronomical telescope for a
distant object.(ii) write three distinct advantage of a reflecting type telescope over a refracting
type telescope.
(c) A convex lens of focal length 10 cm is placed coaxially 5 cm away from a concave lens of focal length
10 cm. If an object is placed 30 cm in front of the convex lens, find the position of the final image
formed by the combined system.
Dr G SINGH Page 35
Unit -7 (Photoelectric effect and dual nature of light)

MCQ (one mark)
1. Work function in terms of Planck’s constant h and threshold frequency is
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
2. Einstein’s equation for photoelectric effect is
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
3. The maximum kinetic energy of electron varies with frequency
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
4. No of photoelectrons emitted per second is directly propo36tio36al 36o
(36) Y (bÆ (c) (d)none
The negative potential of anode plate at which photoelectric current become zero is called
(a) (b) (c) ( ) ( ) (d)none

5. Relation b/w max kinetic energy ( ) and stopping potential ( )
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
6. Maximum saturated photocurrent depends on
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
7. Which one relation is correct
(a) ( )(b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d)none
8. Which one relation is wrong
(a) ( )(b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d)none
9. The maximum wavelength required to emit electron from metal surface is
(a) (b) (c) ( ) ( ) (d)none
10. If the frequency of incident light is more than threshold frequency then from surface electrons will
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
11. The minimum energy required to emit electron from surface of metal is called
(a) kinetic energy (b) Work function (c) (d)none
12. Photoelectric effect process is
(a)time taking (b) instantaneous (c) depends on metrical (d) none
13. Rest mass and charge of photon is
(a) 9.1 (b)Zero, Zero
(c) (d)none
14. In the variation of with frequency the slope of graph is
(a) h (b) (c)he (d) none
(a)h (b) (c)he (d) none
16. Photoelectric effect can be explained by nature of light
(a)wave nature (b) particle nature (c)both(a)and(b) (d) none
17. X-ray is incident on metal surface of work function 2.4ev. The electron from surface will
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
18. In Photoelectric effect, the electrons emit from the metal surface by
(a) light (b) electric field (c) heat (d) none
19. Alkali metals (Na, K) can emit electrons by
(a) infrared (b) light (c) U.V. (d) none
20. De-broglie wavelength ( ) is
Dr G SINGH Page 36
(a) (b) (c) eh (d) none
21. An electron is acceleration by P.d. than its de-broglie wavelength
√ √ √
22. A charge q is accelerated by a P.d. V then its De-broglie wavelength
√ √ √
23. A charge q and mass m is accelerated by a kinetic energy K then its De-broglie wavelength
√ √ √
24. An electron of charge e is revolving in its orbits of radius r then by de-broglie hypothesis
25. Davison and Germer experiment has done for
(a)wave nature of electron (b) wave nature of proto
(c) (d) none
26. The phenomenon to study wave associated with electron is
(a) interference (b) diffraction (c) polarization (d) none
27. The Bragg’s equation for x-ray diffraction
28. Which crystal taken in Davison and Germer experiment
29. The material which has lowest work function
30. The material which has lowest threshold wavelength molybdenum
(a) (b) (c) molybdenum (d) none
31. Threshold frequency depends on
(a) (b) (c) Wavelength of radiation (d)none of these
32. The work function of a material is 4.2 eV then it can emits electron by
33. The visible light incident on the following materials which can emits the electrons
34. The stopping potential depends on
(a) Frequency of light (b) (c) Amplitude of light (d) none of these
35. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons depends on
(a) Amplitude of light (b) (c) Frequency of light (d) none of these
36. Max. Photoelectric current depends on
(a) (b) Frequency of radiation (c) Wavelength of radiation (d)none of these
37. The stopping potential is 4.2 V then the max kinetic energy of photoelectron is
38. The max kinetic energy of photoelectron is 5.4 eV. The corresponding stopping potential is
(a) 5.4 V (b) (c) (d) none of these
39. The stopping potential applied to a photocell, in which electrons with a maximum kinetic energy of 5.6
eV are emitted.
(a) 5.6 Volt (b) 2.8Volt (c) 11.2 Volt (d) none of these
40. A metal emits photoelectrons when red light falls on it. Will this metal emit photoelectrons when blue
light falls on it?
(a) Yes (b)no (c) May be (d) none of these
41. Work functions of caesium and lead are 2.14 eV and 4.25 eV respectively. Which of the two has a
higher threshold wavelength?
(a) Caesium (b) lead (c) Independent from work function (d) none of these
42. The maximum kinetic energy of electrons is zero then frequency of incident light is
(a) less than threshold frequency (b) equal than threshold frequency
Dr G SINGH Page 37
(c) more than threshold frequency (d) none of these
43. If intensity of light increases then kinetic energy of electrons
(a) Increases (b)
(c) (d) none of these
(a) h (b) (c) he (d) none
45. In the variation of cut off potential with frequency the slope of graph is
46. The light photons of energy 1eV respectively are made incident on a metallic plate of work function 0.5
one the other. Find the ratio of maximum kinetic energies of photoelectrons emitted.
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
47. Find the number of photons emitted per second by watt source of monochromatic light of wavelength
6000 . Given h=6.63
(a) 7.55 (b) (c) (d)none
48. The intensity of incident light is doubled then the stopping potential
(a) Doubled (b) (c) (d)none
49. The energy of photon of radiation incident on a metal surface is 5eV. If the work function of metal is
2.4eV then the stopping potential is
(a) 3.6 V (b) (c) 7.9V (d) none
50. The work function of metal is by stopping potential vs frequency graph
(a) e interception on potential axis
(b)
(c) e interception on frequency axis
(d) none
51. The material which has lowest work function

52. The material which has lowest threshold wavelength molybdenum
(a) (b) (c) molybdenum (d) none
53. Threshold frequency depends on
(a) (b) (c) Wavelength of radiation (d)none of these
54. The work function of a material is 4.2 eV then it can emits electron by
55. The visible light incident on the following materials which can emits the electrons
56. The stopping potential depends on
(a) Frequency of light (b) (c) Amplitude of light (d) none of these
57. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons depends on
(a) Amplitude of light (b) (c) Frequency of light (d) none of these
58. Max. Photoelectric current depends on
(a) (b) Frequency of radiation (c) Wavelength of radiation (d)none of these
59. The stopping potential is 4.2 V then the max kinetic energy of photoelectron is
60. The max kinetic energy of photoelectron is 5.4 eV. The corresponding stopping potential is
(a) 5.4 V (b) (c) (d) none of these
61. The stopping potential applied to a photocell, in which electrons with a maximum kinetic energy of 5.6
eV are emitted.
Dr G SINGH Page 38
(a) 5.6 Volt (b) 2.8Volt (c) 11.2 Volt (d) none of these
62. A metal emits photoelectrons when red light falls on it. Will this metal emit photoelectrons when blue
light falls on it?
(a) Yes (b)no (c) May be (d) none of these
63. Work functions of caesium and lead are 2.14 eV and 4.25 eV respectively. Which of the two has a
higher threshold wavelength?
(a) Caesium (b) lead (c) Independent from work function (d) none of these
64. The maximum kinetic energy of electrons is zero then frequency of incident light is
(a) less than threshold frequency (b) equal than threshold frequency
(c) more than threshold frequency (d) none of these
65. If intensity of light increases then kinetic energy of electrons
(a) Increases (b) (c) (d) none of these
(a) h (b) (c) he (d) none
67. In the variation of cut off potential with frequency the slope of graph is
68. The light photons of energy 1eV respectively are made incident on a metallic plate of work function 0.5
one the other. Find the ratio of maximum kinetic energies of photoelectrons emitted.
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
69. Find the number of photons emitted per second by watt source of monochromatic light of wavelength
6000 . Given h=6.63
(a) 7.55 (b) (c) (d)none
70. The intensity of incident light is doubled then the stopping potential
71. The energy of photon of radiation incident on a metal surface is 5eV. If the work function of metal is
2.4eV then the stopping potential is
(a) 3.6 V (b) (c) 7.9V (d) none
72. The light photons of energy 2.5eV and 4.5 eV respectively are made incident on a metallic plate of work
function 0.5 one the other. Find the ratio of maximum kinetic energies of photoelectrons emitted.
(a) (b) (c) (d)none
73. Find the number of photons emitted per second by 25 watt source of monochromatic light of
wavelength 6000 . Given h=6.63
(a) 7.55 (b) (c) (d)none
74. The frequency of incident light is doubled then the maximum saturated current
75. The energy of photon of radiation incident on a metal surface is J. If the work function of
metal is 3.5eV then the maximum kinetic energy of electrons is
(a) 3.5 V (b) (c) 7.5V (d) none
76. The De-Broglie wavelength depends on
77. Find momentum of particle which has de Broglie wavelength 8 in kg m/s
(a) 1.65 (b) (c) (d) none
Dr G SINGH Page 39
78. The momentum of electron is 1.22 then de Broglie wavelength associated with electron
in
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) none
79. Practical application of de Broglie hypothesis is
(a) Compound microscope (b) (c) Telescope (d) none
80. A deuteron and proton are moving with same velocity then the ratio of their De-Broglie wavelength
81. A alpha particle and proton are moving with same velocity then the ratio of their De-Broglie
wavelength
82. A alpha particle and deuteron are accelerated with same voltage then the ratio of their De-Broglie
wavelength
83. A proton and deuteron are moving with same kinetic energy then the ratio of their De-Broglie
wavelength
(a) √ (b) √ (c) (d) none of these
84. An electron is moving in its orbit n=2, around the nucleus in hydrogen atom then De-Broglie
wavelength associated with electron
85. Light of frequency 1.9 times the threshold frequency is incident on a photosensitive material. If the
frequency is halved and intensity is doubled, the photocurrent becomes
(a)quadrupled (b) doubled (c) halved (d) Zero
86. Threshold wavelength for a metal having work function is . What is the threshold wavelength for a
metal having work function ?
(a) 4 (b)2 (c) (d)
87. Radiation for frequency v is incident on a photosensitive metal. The maximum K.E. of the
photoelectrons is E. When the frequency of the incident radiation is doubled, what is the maximum
kinetic energy of the photoelectrons?
(a) 2E (b) 4E (c)E + hv (d) E- hv
88. Emission of electrons from a metal plate illuminated with monochromatic electromagnetic radiation
will always take place provided
(a) The radiation is sufficiently intense.
(b) The work function of the plate is less than the energy of a single photon and the plate is uncharged.
(c) The wavelength of the radiation exceeds a minimum value.
(d) The plate is always negatively charged.
(e) The plate is freshly cleaned.
89. In experiments on photoelectric effect, stopping potential is 1.0 V when light of wavelength 6520 Å is
incident on the emitting surface. The stopping potential is 2.9 V for light of wavelength 3260Å. The
work function of the metal is
(a) 0.9 ev (b) 1.9 eV (c) 5.8 eV (d) cannot be deduced from the given data
90. Two identical photocathodes receive light of frequencies f 1and f2. If the velocities of the
photoelectrons (of mass m) corning out are respectively and , then
(a) + = ( ) (b) - =* ( )+
(c) - = ( ) (d) + =* ( )+
Dr G SINGH Page 40
91. A photocell is illuminated by a small bright source placed 1 m away. When the same source of light is
placed m away, the number of electrons emitted by photocathode would
(a) Decrease by a factor of 2. (c) Decrease by a factor of 4.
(b) Increase by a factor of 2 (d) increases by a factor of 4.
92. A non-monochromatic light is used in an experiment on photoelectric effect. The stopping potential is
(a) Related to the mean wavelength. (b) Related to the longest wavelength.
(c) Related to the shortest wavelength. (d) Not related to any of the wavelengths.
93. The threshold frequency for a photosensitive metal is 3.3 Hz. If light of frequency 8.2 Hz
is incident on this metal, the cut-off voltage for the photoelectron emission is nearly
(a) 1 V (b) 2V (c) 3 V (d)5 V
94. What is de-Broglie wavelength of electron having energy 10 keV?
(a) 0.12 Å (b) 1.2 Å (c) 12.2 Å (d) none of these
95. Electrons with de Broglie wavelength fall on the target in an x-ray tube. The cut-off wavelength of the
emitted x-ray is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
96. If alpha particle, proton and electron more with the same momentum, then their respective de-Broglie
wavelengths , and are related as
(a) = = (b) < < (c) > > (d) >
97. Calculate the linear momentum of a 3 MeV photon.
(a) 0.01 eVsm-1 (b) 0.02 eVsm-1 (c) 0.03 eVsm-1 (d) 0.04 eVsm-1
Very Short answer type questions

98. An electron, an alpha-particle and a proton have the same kinetic energy. Which one of these particles
has the largest de Broglie wavelength?
99. Name the materials which has lowest and highest work function.
100. State one factor which determines the intensity of light in the photon picture of light.
101. Ultraviolet radiations of different frequencies v1 and v2 are incident on two photosensitive materials
having work functions W1 and W2 (W1>W2) respectively. The kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is
same in both the cases. Which one of the two radiations will be of higher frequency?
102. Show graphically how the maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted from a photosensitive surface
varies with the frequency of incident radiations.
103. Show graphically how the stopping potential for a given photosensitive surface varies with the
frequency of incident radiations.
104. In a plot of photoelectric current versus anode potential, how does the saturation current vary with
anode potential for incident radiations of different frequencies but same intensity?
105. In a plot of photoelectric current versus anode potential, how does The stopping potential vary for
incident radiations of different intensities but same frequency?
106. In a plot of photoelectric current versus anode potential, how does Photoelectric current vary for
different intensities but same frequency of incident radiations? Justify your answer in each case.
107. Deuterons and -particles are accelerated through the same potential. Find the ratio of the associated
de Broglie wavelengths of the two.
108. An electron and alpha particle have the same de Broglie wavelength associated with them. How are
their kinetic energies related to each other?
109. Two lines, A and B, in the plot given below show the variation of de Broglie wavelength, versus 1/√ ,
where V is the accelerating potential difference, for two particles carrying the same charge. Which
one of two represents a particle of smaller mass?
Dr G SINGH Page 41
110. The stopping potential in an experiment on photoelectric effect is 1.5V. What is the maximum kinetic
energy of the photoelectrons emitted?
111. An electron and a proton have the same kinetic energy. Which of the two will have larger wavelength
and why?
112. Plot a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the frequency of incident radiation for
two different photosensitive materials having work functions W1 and W2 (W1>W2).
113. Show graphically, the variation of the de Broglie wavelength ( ) with the potential (V) through which an
electron is accelerated from rest.
114. For a given photosensitive material and with a source of constant frequency of incident radiation, how
does the photocurrent vary with the intensity of incident light?
115. Define the term ‘threshold frequency’ and wavelength in relation to photoelectric effect.
116. Show the variation of photocurrent with collector plate potential for different frequencies but same
intensity of incident radiation.
117. Show on a graph the variation of the de Broglie wavelength ( ) associated with an electron with the
square root of accelerating potential (V).
118. In a plot of photoelectric current versus anode potential, how does
(a) The saturation current vary with anode potential for incident radiations of different frequencies but
same intensity?
(b) The stopping potential vary for incident radiations of different intensities but same frequency?
(c) Photoelectric current vary for different intensities but same frequency of incident radiations?
Justify your answer in each case.
119. Define the terms ‘stopping potential’ and ‘threshold frequency’ in relation to photoelectric effect. How
does one determine these physical quantities using Einstein’s equation?
120. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation. State clearly how this equation is obtained using the photon
picture of electromagnetic radiation. Write the three salient features observed in photoelectric effect
which can be explained using this equation.
121. Define the term (i) ‘cut-off voltage’ and (ii) ‘threshold frequency’, in relation to the phenomenon of
photoelectric effect. Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation show how the cut-off voltage and
threshold frequency for a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable
plot/graph.
122. A proton and a deuteron are accelerated through the same accelerating potential. Which one of the
two has:(a) Greater value of de-Broglie wavelength associated with it, and(b) Less momentum?Give
reasons to justify your answer.
123. An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 100 volts. What is the de - Broglie
wavelength associated with it? To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this value of
wavelength correspond?
124. How did wave theory of light fail to explain laws of photoelectric effect?
125. Two monochromatic radiations of frequencies v1 and v2 (v1> v2) and having the same intensity are, in
turn, incident on a photosensitive surface to cause photoelectric emission. Explain, giving reason, in
which case (i) more number of electrons will be emitted and (ii) maximum kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons will be more
126. (a) Give a brief description of the basic elementary process involved in the photoelectric emission in
Einstein’s picture.
(b) When a photosensitive material is irradiated with the light of frequency v, the maximum speed of
electrons is given by Vmax. A plot of 2 Vmax is found to vary with frequency v as shown in the figure.Use
Einstein’s photoelectric equation to find the expressions for (i) Planck’s constant and (ii) work function
of the given photosensitive material, in terms of the parameters l, n and mass m of the electron.
Dr G SINGH Page 42
Unit-8 (Atoms and nuclei)
Mcq (one mark)
1. scattering experiment successfully done by
(a) Rutherford (b) Bohr (c) Thomson (d) none
2. Discovery of nucleus of atom is done by
(a) Rutherford (b) Bohr (c) Thomson (d) none
3. Rutherford model limitation
(a) instability of atom (b)
(c) line spectrum of hydrogen (d) both (a) and (c)
4. Bohr’s 2nd postulate is
(a) r=n (b) (c) (d) none
rd
5. Bohr’s 3 postulate is
(a) r=n (b) (c) (d) none
th
6. The velocity ( ) of electron in n orbit is
th
7. The radius ( ) of n orbit of electron is
8. The closest approach of in scattering experiment
9. The impact parameter (b) is
10. The total energy of revolving electron in nth orbit
11. The kinetic energy of revolving electron in nth orbit
12. The potential energy of revolving electron in nth orbit
13. Total energy of electron in nth orbit
nd
14. The energy of electron in 2 excited state is
15. The Balmer series lies in region of radiation
16. The Lyman series lies in region of radiation
17. The Paschen series lies in region of radiation
18. The lowest wavelength of radiation in balmer series
(a) 3646 (b) 6563 (c) 4861 (d) none
19. The lowest wavelength of radiation in lyman series
(a) 912 (b) 1210 (c) 1000 (d) none
20. The highest wavelength of radiation in balmer series
(a) 3646 (b) 6563 (c) 4861 (d) none
21. The highest wavelength of radiation in lyman series
(a) 912 (b) 1210 (c) 1000 (d) none
22. The wavelength of line in balmer series
Dr G SINGH Page 43
(a) 3646 (b) 6563 (c) 4861 (d) none
23. Ionization of 1st excited state is
(a) 10.2eV (b) 12.1eV (c) 12.75eV (d) none
rd
24. An electron jumps into 3 excited state then series is
(a) lyman (b)Balmer (c) Paschen (d) none
25. An electron jumps from n=3 to n=2 then series is
(a) lyman (b)Balmer (c) Paschen (d) none
26. The frequency of revolving electron in its orbit
27. Ionization of hydrogen atom is
(a) 10.2eV (b) 13.6eV (c) -13.6eV (d) none
28. The fine structure constant is
29. Which one is correct relation
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) none
30. The Rydberg constant R is
31. The shortest wavelength lines in lyman, Balmer and Paschen series have their wavelength s in the ratio
32. The energy of an electron in the nth orbit of hydrogen atom is
33. The SI unit of radioactivity is
(a) Becquerel (b) Curie (c) Rutherford (d) decay/sec
34. The radius of nucleus is
35. Nuclear density of any nucleus is
36. Nuclear force is strongest force as well as
(a) long range (b) short range (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none
37. Mass defect in formation of nucleus is
(a) ( ) (b)Z ( )
(c) ( ) (d) none
38. The highest binding energy per nucleon nucleus is
39. The advantage of Binding Energy per nucleon curve is
(a) (b) (c) ( ) ( ) (d) none
40. The correct order of penetrating power of is
41. Which relation is correct
42. The SI unit of decay constant is
43. The relation b/w half-life and decay constant
44. The mean life ( ) of a radioactive substance is equal to
45. The relation b/w half-life (T) and mean life( ) is
Dr G SINGH Page 44
46. The no of remaining atoms where, n is no of half lives
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) none
47. The basic reaction for decay
(a) ̅ (b) ̅
(c) (d) none
48. The basic reaction for decay

(a) (b) ̅
(c) (d) none
49. In , atomic number and mass number reduced by
50. An alpha nucleus of energy bombards a heavy nucleus target charge Ze. Then its impact
parameter
(a) (b) (c) (d)
51. An - particle of energy of 7.7 MeV is scattering through 1800 by a fixed gold nucleus. The value of
impact parameter is
(a) (b) (c) cm (d)
52. An - particle of energy of 8 MeV is scattering through 00 by a fixed gold nucleus. The value of impact
parameter is
(a) cm (b) (c) (d)
53. In Bohr’s model of an atom which of the following is an integral multiple of ?
(a)Radius of an atom (b) kinetic energy (c) angular momentum (d) None
54. By Rutherford model, nature of hydrogen spectrum is
(a) (b) continuous spectrum(c) band spectrum (d) None
55. The Bohr’s model of atoms
(a) assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantised.
(b) uses Einstein’s photoelectron equation.
(c) predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms
(d) predicts the same emission spectra for all types
56. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of hydrogen atom is about -3.4eV. its Kinetic
energy in this state is
(a) 3.4eV (b) 6.8eV (c) -3.4eV (d) -6.8eV
57. According to the Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom, the speed of the electron, its energy and the radius
of its orbit vary with the principal quantum number n, respectively , as
(a) (b) (c) (d)
58. The ratio of the magnetic dipole moment to the angular momentum of the electron in the 1 st orbit
hydrogen atom is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
59. The electron revolving in its orbit of radius ‘r’, the total energy of electron
60. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of hydrogen atom is about -3.4eV. its Kinetic
energy in this state is
(a) 3.4eV (b) 6.8eV (c) -3.4eV (d) -6.8eV
61. Energy E of a hydrogen atom with principal quantum number n is given by E = eV. The energy of
a photon ejected when the electron jumps from n = 3 state to n = 2 state of hydrogen, is
approximately:
(a) 1.5 eV (b) 0.85eV (c) 3.4eV (d) 1.9eV
Dr G SINGH Page 45
62. In which of the following systems will the radius of the first orbit (n=1) be minimum?
(a) Deuterium atom (b) Hydrogen atom (c) Doubly ionised lithium (d) Singly ionised helium
63. Which of the following transitions in hydrogen atoms emit photons of highest frequency?
(a) n= 1 to n=2 (b) n =6 to n= 2 (c) n =2 to n= 6 (d) n =2 to n= 1
64. The total energy of electron in the ground state of hydrogen atom is – 13.6eV. the kinetic energy of an
electron in the first excited state is:
(a) 6.8 eV (b) -13.6eV (c) 1.7 eV (d) 3.4eV
65. The ratio of minimum to maximum wavelength in Balmer series is
(a) 5 : 9 (b) 5 : 36 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 3 : 4
66. An alpha nucleus of energy bombards a heavy nucleus target charge Ze. Then the distance of
closest approach for the alpha nucleus will be proportional to
(a) (b) (c) (d)
67. An - particle of energy of 5MeV is scattering through 1800 by a fixed uranium nucleus. The distance of
closest approach is of the order of
(a) (b) cm (c) cm (d) cm
68. In the Rutherford scattering experiment the distance of closest approach for an particle is d0. If
particle is replaced by a proton, how much kinetic energy in comparison to particle will it require to
have the same distance of closest approach d0?
(a) half of K.E. of alpha particle (b) Equal to K.E. of alpha particle
(c) Double of K.E. of alpha particle (d) None
69. An a-particle of kinetic energy ‘K’ is bombarded on a thin gold foil. The distance of the closet approach
is ‘r’. What will be the distance of closest approach for an a-particle of double the kinetic energy?
(a) half (b) same (c) Double (d) None
70. Alpha -particles are incident on a thin gold foil. For what angle of deviation will the number of
deflected alpha-particles be minimum?
71. In decay, atomic no increased and mass no reduced by
Very Short answer type questions

72. In hydrogen atom, if the electron is replaced by a particle which is 200 times heavier but has the
same charge, how would its radius change?
73. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is-13.6 eV. What is the kinetic energy of an electron in the
2nd excited state?
74. What is excitation energy and potential?
75. In the Rutherford scattering experiment the distance of closest approach for an particle is d0. If
particle is replaced by a proton, how much kinetic energy in comparison to particle will it require to
have the same distance of closest approach d0?
76. What is the ratio of radii of the orbits corresponding to first excited state and ground state in a
hydrogen atom?
77. The radius of innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3 ×10 -11m. What is the radius of orbit
in the second excited state?
78. Write the expression for Bohr’s radius in hydrogen atom.
79. Define ionization energy. What is its value for a hydrogen atom?
Dr G SINGH Page 46
80. Find the ratio of energies of photons produced due to transition of an electron of hydrogen atom
from its
(a) Second permitted energy level to the first level, and
(b) The highest permitted energy level to the first permitted level.
81. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. What are the kinetic and potential energies
of electron in this state?
82. Determine the distance of closest approach when an alpha particle of kinetic energy 4·5 MeV strikes
a nucleus of Z = 80, stops and reverses its direction.
83. State Bohr’s quantization condition for defining stationary orbits.
84. Define the term activity of a radionuclide. Write its SI unit.
85. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. What is the
significance of negative potential energy in the graph drawn?
86. There are 4 √  106 radioactive nuclei in a given radioactive sample. If the half-life of the sample is
20 s, how many nuclei will decay in 10 s ?
87. If the nucleons bound in a nucleus are separated apart from each other, the sum of their masses is
greater than the mass of the nucleus. Where does this mass difference come from? Explain briefly.
88. State the reason, why heavy water is generally used as a moderator in a nuclear reactor. Name the
absorbing material used to control the reaction rate of neutrons in a nuclear reactor.
89. Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 2:5. What is the ratio of their nuclear densities? Two
nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 27:125. What is the ratio of their nuclear radii?
90. A nucleus with mass number A = 240 and BE/A = 7.6 MeV breaks into two fragments each of A = 120
with BE/A = 8.5 MeV. Calculate the released energy.
91. Calculate the energy in fusion reaction where BE of = 2.23 MeV and of
= 7.73 MeV.
92. State Bohr’s quantization condition for defining stationary orbits. How does de Broglie hypothesis
explain the stationary orbits ? (ii) Find the relation between the three wavelengths λ 1 , λ2 and λ3 from
the energy level diagram shown below.
93. Calculate binding energy/nucleon of 20Ca40 nucleus. Give: mass of 20Ca40 = 39.962589 u; mass of
proton = 1.007825 mass of neutron = 1.008665 u and 1 u = 931 MeV/c2.
Long answer type questions (5 marks)

94. (a)Using Bohr’s postulates for hydrogen atom, show that the total energy (E) of the electron in the
stationary states can be expressed as the sum of kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U), where K
= -2U. Hence, deduce the expression for the total energy in the nth energy level of hydrogen atom.
(b)A 12.5 eV electron beam is used to bombard gaseous hydrogen at room temperature. Up to which
energy level the hydrogen atoms would be excited? Calculatethe wavelengths of the first member of
Lyman and first member of Ballmer series.
95. (a) What characteristic property of nuclear force explains the constancy of binding energy per
nucleon (B.E./A) in the range of mass number ‘A’ lying 30<A < 170?
(b)Show that the density of nucleus over a wide range of nuclei is constant independent of mass
number A.
Dr G SINGH Page 47
96. (a)Using Bohr’s postulates, obtain the expression for the total energy of the electron in the
stationary states of the hydrogen atom. Hence draw the energy level diagram showing how the line
spectra corresponding to Ballmer series occur due to transition between energy levels.
(b)The energy levels of a hypothetical atom are shown below. Which of the shown transitions will
result in the emission of a photon of wavelength 275 nm? Which of these transitions correspond to
emission of radiation of (i) maximum and (ii) minimum wavelength?
97. Calculate ratio of maximum and minimum wavelength in transitions in given diagram.
98. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separations. Mark the
regions where the nuclear force is (i) attractive and (ii) repulsive. What is the significance of negative
potential energy in the graph drawn? Write any two characteristic features of nuclear forces.
99. Explain Geiger - Marsden experiment with suitable diagram. How did the scattering of a - particles by
a thin foil of gold provide an important way to determine an upper limit on the size of size of the
nucleus? Explain briefly.
100. Derive the law of radioactive decay, viz. N = N0 .Explain, giving necessary reactions, how energy is
released during (i) fission and (ii) fusion. In a given sample, two radioisotopes, A and B, are initially
present in the ratio 1:4. The half-lives of A and B are respectively 100 years and 50 years. Find the
time after which the amounts of A and B become equal.
Unit- 9 (Semiconductor devices)

MCQ
1. Name the materials which has forbidden energy gap more than 3ev (Eg>3eV)
(a) Conductors (b) semiconductors (c) insulator (d) none
2. Name the materials which has forbidden energy gap less than 3ev (Eg<3eV)
3. Name the materials which has forbidden energy gap equal to 3ev (E g=0)
4. The semiconductors in which electrons are in majority and holes are in minority
(a) n-type (b) p-type (c) may (a) and (b) (d) none
5. The semiconductors in which electrons are in minority and holes are in majority
(a) n-type (b) p-type (c) may (a) and (b) (d) none
6. The mobility of electron w.r.to mobility of hole is
(a) Less (b) more (c) may be same (d) none
7. The energy band gapin n-type semiconductor w.r.to pure semiconductor is
(a) More (b) less (c) may be same (d) none
8. Energy band gap in Ge and Si is
Dr G SINGH Page 48
(a) .72 eV, 1.1 eV (b) .3 eV , .6 eV (c) 1.1 eV, 1.1 eV (d) none
9. The region both side the pn junction in which no charge carrier present is called
(a) Ion region (b) depletion layer (c) carrier region (d) none
10. In forward bias resistance of pn junction diode
(a) Decreases (b) increases (c) remains same (d) none
11. Width of depletion region increases in
(a) Forward bias (b) reverse bias (c) in both (a) and (b) (d) none
12. In reverse bias resistance of pn junction diode
(a) Decreases (b) increases (c) remains same (d) none
13. Width of depletion region increases in
14. Resistance of an ideal diode in forward bias
(a) 0 (b) (c) may be zero (d) none
15. Resistance of an ideal pn junction diode in reverse bias is
(a) 0 (b) (c) may be zero (d) none
16. P-n junction diode is used as
(a) Rectifier (b) amplifier (c) oscillator (d) none
17. Zener diode is used as
(a) Rectifier (b) amplifier (c) voltage regulator (d) none
18. Photo diode is used as
(a) Light detector (b) Rectifier (c) voltage regulator (d) none
19. Light emitting diode is
(a) pn junction diode (b) transistor (c) light detector (d) none
20. Wavelength of light emitting from LED depends on
(a) Biasing of LED (b) nature of material (c) doping (d) none
21. Intensity of light emitting from LED depends on
(a) Biasing of LED (b) nature of material (c) doping (d) none
22. The frequency of D C output of full wave rectifier
(a) Same as AC input (b) double of AC input (c) half of AC input (d) none
23. The frequency of D C output of half wave rectifier
(a) Same as AC input (b) double of AC input (c) half of AC input (d) none
24. In which biasing Zener diode is used
25. In which biasing photo diode is used
26. In which biasing light emitting diode is used
27. A solid which is not transparent to visible light and whose conductivity increases with temperature is
formed by
(a) Van der Waals bonding (c) Ionic bonding
(b) Covalent bonding (d) Metallic bonding
28. In the energy band diagram of a material shown below, the open circles and filled circles denote holes
and electrons respectively. The material is:
(a) an insulator
(b) a metal
(c) an n-type semiconductor
(d) a p-type semiconductor
29. The objective of adding impurities in the extrinsic semiconductor is
(a) to increase the conductivity of the semiconductor.
(b) to increase the density of total current carriers.
(c) to increase the density of either holes Or electrons but not both.
(d) to eliminate the electron-hole pairs produced in intrinsic semiconductor.
Dr G SINGH Page 49
30. A Ge specimen is doped with . The concentration of acceptor atoms is atoms/m3. Given that
the intrinsic concentration of electron-hole pairs is 1019/m3, the concentration of electrons in the
specimen is
(a) per m3 (b) per m3 (c) per m3 (d) per m3
31. Which of the following statements is false
(a) Pure Si doped with trivalent impurities gives a p-type semiconductor.
(b) Majority carriers in a n-type semiconductor are holes
(c) Minority carriers in a p-type semiconductor are electrons.
(d) The resistance of intrinsic semiconductor decreases with increase of temperature.
32. When a semi -conductor is doped with a p-type impurity, each impurity atom will
(a) remain electrically neutral (c) acquire positive charge

(b)acquire negative charge. (d) give away one electron
33. When a pure semi -conductor is doped with a trivalent impurity then the forbidden energy gap
(a) increases (b) decreases (c)no change (d) can’t say
34. When a pure semi -conductor is doped with a pentavalent impurity then the forbidden energy gap
(a) increases (b) decreases (c)no change (d) can’t say
35. When a pure semi -conductor is doped with a trivalent impurity then type of semiconductor so formed
is
(a) p-type (b) n-type (c) p-n type (d) none
36. The biasing of pn junction in the fig
(a) Forward bias (b) Reverse bias
(c) Common bias (d) None of these
37. Width of depletion region depends on
(a) Temperature (b) biasing (c) doping (d) all above
38. The process occur at the time of formation of depletion layer
(a) drift process (b) diffusion process (c) no process (d) can’t say
39. The potential barrier in pn junction for si is about
(a) .6 volt (b) 1.1 volt (c) .3 volt (d) can’t say
40. The electrons are in majority and holes are in minority then semiconductor is
(a) p-type (b) n-type (c) p-n type (d) none
41. In which biasing solar cell is used

42. Why should a photodiode be operated at a reverse bias?
43. Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier.
44. Plot the graphs of the input and output waveforms for full wave rectifier.
45. What happens to the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction when it is (i) forward biased, (ii) reverse
biased?
46. What is doping? Write its necessary conditions.
47. What is depletion layer?
48. What is solar cell? Write its one use.

49. Write working principle of rectifier with diagram.
50. Write two characteristics features to distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductors.
51. Draw the circuit diagrams of a p-n junction diode in (i) forward bias, (ii) reverse bais.
52. Draw a circuit diagram showing the biasing of an LED. State the factor which controls (i) Wavelength of
light (ii) intensity of light emitted by the diode.
53. Draw the typical V – I characteristics of a silicon diode. Describe briefly the following terms : (i)
‘‘minority carrier injection’’ in forward bias (ii) ‘‘breakdown voltage’’ in reverse bias.
Dr G SINGH Page 50
Long Anwar Type Questions( 5 marks)
54. State the principle of working of p-n diode as a rectifier. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the
use of p-n diode as a full wave rectifier. Draw a sketch of the input and output waveforms. Describe
briefly the role of a capacitor in filtering.
55. (a)Name the important processes that occur during the formation of a p-n junction. Explain briefly,
with the help of a suitable diagram, how a p-n junction is formed. Define the term ‘barrier potential’.
Question related with diagrams
1. Draw the electric field lines of a point charge Q when (i) Q>0 and (ii) Q< 0.
2. Draw the field lines when the charge density of the sphere is (i) positive (ii) negative.
3. Draw a graph of electric field E(r) with distance r from the centre of the shell for 0 .
4. Draw in which orientation, a dipole placed in a uniform electric field is in (i) stable, (ii) unstable
equilibrium?
5. Draw a diagram for determining torque acting on electric dipole in uniform electric field.
6. Plot a graph showing the variation of coulomb force (F) versus ( ), where r is the distance between
the two charges of each pair of charges: (1 C, 2 C) and (2 C, -3 C) interpret the graphs
obtained.
7. Draw a graph showing the variation of electric field with r, for r >R and r< R for solid conducting
uniformly charged body.
8. Draw a plot showing the variation of (i) electric field (E) and (ii) electric potential (V) with distance r
due to a point charge Q.
9. Draw a diagram for determining capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with dielectric slab.
10. Draw 3 equipotential surfaces corresponding to afield that uniformly increase in magnitude but
remains constant along z-direction. How are these surfaces different from that of a constant electric
field along z-direction?
11. Depict the equipotential surfaces for a system of two identical positive point charges placed at a
distance ‘d’ apart.
12. Plot a graph comparing the variation of potential ‘V’ and electric field ‘E’ due to a point charge ‘Q’ as
a function of distance ‘R’ from the point charge.
13. Two uniformly large parallel thin plates having charge densities + and – are kept in the X-Z plane
at a distance ‘d’ apart. Sketch an equipotential surface due to electric field between the plates. If a
particle of mass m and charge ‘-q’ remains stationary between the plates, what is the magnitude and
direction of this field?
14. Draw Equipotential surfaces due to a point Q> 0. Are these surfaces equidistant from each other? If
not, explain why.
15. Sketch the pattern of electric field lines due to (i) a conducting sphere having negative charge in it, (ii)
an electric dipole,(iii) like charges.
16. On what principle does a metre bridge work? Draw its circuit diagram.
17. A cell of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ is connected across a variable resistor ‘R’. plot a graph
showing the variation of terminal potential ‘V’ with resistance R. Predict from the graph, the
condition under which ‘V’ becomes equal to ‘E’.
18. State the principle of working of a potentiometer with suitable diagram.
19. Plot a graph showing temperature dependence of resistivity for metals, alloys, and semi -conductors .
How is this behaviour explained?
Dr G SINGH Page 51
20. Draw a circuit diagram, how a potentiometer is used to measure the internal resistance of a given
cell.
21. Draw a circuit diagram of compare emf of two primary cells.
22. Show on a graph, the variation of resistivity with temperature for a typical semiconductor.
23. Draw the magnetic field lines due to the circular coil.
24. Depict the field-line pattern due to a current carrying solenoid of finite length. In what way do these
lines differ from those due to an electric dipole?
25. With the help of a diagram, explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer.
26. What is the importance of a radial magnetic field and how is it produced? Draw diagram also.
27. How is a moving coil galvanometer converted into a voltmeter and ammeter.
28. Draw a schematic sketch of the cyclotron. State its working principle.
29. Depict the magnetic field lines due to two straight, long, parallel conductors carrying currents l 1 and l2
in the same direction and opposite direction . Is this force attractive or repulsive?
30. Draw a plot showing the variation of intensity of magnetisation with the applied magnetic field
intensity for Bismuth.
31. Draw magnetic field lines when a (i) Diamagnetic,(ii) Paramagnetic substance is placed in an external
magnetic field, which magnetic property distinguishes this behaviour of the field lines due to the two
substances?
32. Draw variation of susceptibility with temperature for dia, Para, ferromagnetic materials.
33. A plot of magnetic flux ( ) versus current (I) for two inductors A and B. A has larger value of self
inductance?
34. A series L- circuit, C- circuit, R- circuit, LR- circuit, CR -circuit, LCR -circuit is connected to an a.c.
source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the expression for the impedance of the circuit. Plot a graph
to show the variation of current with frequency of the source, explaining the nature of its variation.
35. Draw the variation of capacitive reactance , inductive reactance, and resistance with frequency of
current.
36. State the principle on which AC generator works. Draw a labelled diagram .
37. A conducting rod held horizontally along east-west direction is dropped from rest from a certain
height near the Earth’s surface. Why should there be an induced emf across the ends of the rod?
Draw a plot showing the instantaneous variation of emf as a function of time from the instant it
begins to fall.
38. State the principle of a step-up transformer with the help of a labelled diagram.
39. Sketch a schematic diagram depicting electric and magnetic fields for an electromagnetic wave
propagating along the z-direction.
40. Draw a labelled diagram for a refracting type astronomical telescope and explain its working. Give
expressions for its magnifying power.
41. Drawing a labelled diagram, give construction, formation of image, magnifying power and merits of
reflecting telescope.
42. Define the term ‘wave front’. Draw the wave front and corresponding rays in the case of a (i)
diverging spherical wave, (ii) plane wave. Using Huygens’ construction of a wave front, explain the
refraction of a plane wave front at a plane surface and hence verify Snell’s law.
43. An un polarised light is incident on the boundary between two transparent media. State the
condition with diagram when the reflected wave is totally plane polarized. Find out the expression for
the angle of incidence in this case.
44. Draw a diagram to show refraction of a plane wave front incident in a convex lens and hence draw
the refracted wave front.
45. Draw the wave front coming out of a convex lens when a point source of light is placed at its focus.
46. Sketch the shape of wave front emerging from a point source of light and also mark the rays.
47. Draw a graph to show relative intensity distribution for a single slit diffraction pattern.
48. Draw intensity pattern in interference of light.
49. Show graphically how the maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted from a photosensitive
surface varies with the frequency of incident radiations.
Dr G SINGH Page 52
50. Show graphically how the stopping potential for a given photosensitive surface varies with the
frequency of incident radiations.
51. In a plot of photoelectric current versus anode potential, how does
(i)The saturation current varies with anode potential for incident radiations of different frequencies
but same intensity?
(ii)The stopping potential varies for incident radiations of different intensities but same frequency?
(iii) Photoelectric current vary for different intensities but same frequency of incident radiations?
Justify your answer in each case.
52. Express the de Broglie wavelength associated with electron in terms of the accelerating voltage V.
53. An electron and a proton has the same kinetic energy. Which of the two will have larger wavelength
and why?
54. Draw a graph showing variation of photo-electric current (I) with anode potential (V) for different
intensities of incident radiation. Name the characteristic of the incident radiation that is kept
constant in this experiment.
55. If the potential difference used to accelerated electrons is doubled, by what factor does the de
Broglie wavelength associated with the electrons change?
56. Plot a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the frequency of incident radiation for
two different photosensitive materials having work functions W 1 and W2 (W1>W2). On what factors
does the (i) slope and (ii) intercept of the lines depend?
57. Show graphically, the variation of the de Broglie wavelength ( ) with the potential (V) through which
an electron is accelerated from rest.
58. Show the variation of photocurrent with collector plate potential for different frequencies but same
intensity of incident radiation.
59. Show the variation of photocurrent with collector plate potential for different intensity but same
frequency of incident radiation.
60. Draw a schematic arrangement of the Geiger-Marsden experiment. How did the scattering of
particles by a thin foil of gold provide an important way to determine an upper limit on the size of the
nucleus? Explain briefly.
61. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. What is the
significance of negative potential energy in the graph drawn?
62. Draw a graph showing the variation of potential energy between a pair of nucleons as a function of
their separation. Indicate the regions in which the nuclear force is (i) attractive, (ii) repulsive.
63. Draw the graph to show variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number of different
atomic nuclei.
64. State the principle of working of p-n diode as a rectifier. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram,
the use of p-n diode as a full wave rectifier. Draw a sketch of the input and output waveforms.
65. Draw a circuit diagram showing the biasing of an LED. State the factor which controls (i) Wavelength
of light (ii) intensity of light emitted by the diode.
66. With the help of circuit diagrams, distinguish between forward biasing and reverse biasing of a p-n
junction diode. Draw V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode in (a) forward bias, (b) reverse bias.
67. Explain with the help of a circuit diagram how a zener diode works as a DC voltage regulator. Draw
its I-V characteristics with suitable electronic diagram .
68. Draw the circuit diagram of an illuminated photodiode in reverse bias. How is photodiode used to
measure light intensity?
Dr G SINGH Page 53
69. State the following rules/laws
1. Quantization of charge 28.Laws of refraction
2. Law of conservation of charge 29.Principle of TIR with applications
3. Coulomb’s law 30.Scattering of light and conditions
4. Principle of superposition of force/electric 31.Principle of compound microscope
field 32.Principle of astronomical telescope
5. Gauss’s law 33. Huygens principle
6. Principle of capacitor 34.Principle of superposition for interference
7. Law of max. power 35.Principle of diffraction (with conditions)
8. Kirchhoff’s laws 36.Brewster’s Law
9. Wheatstone bridge principle 37.Laws of photoelectric effect
10.Principle of meter bridge 38.Einstein’s concept for photoelectric
11.Ohm’s law (vector form also) equation
12.Limitation of ohm’s law 39.De-Broglie hypothesis (revolving e in atom
13.Right hand thumb rule also)
14.Right hand palm rule 40.Rutherford model
15.Biot-savert law 41.Limitation of Rutherford model
16. Ampere’s circuital law 42. Bohr’s model
17.Fleming left hand rule 43.Laws of radioactivity (decay law)
18.Principle of cyclotron 44.Laws of fission and fusion with reactions
19.Principle of moving coil galvanometer 45.Principle of mass conversion into energy
20. Curie law 46.Conditions for doping
21. Faraday’s law 47.Principle of rectifier
22.Lenz’s law 48.Principle of photo diode
23.Fleming right hand rule 49.Principle of LED
24.Principle of electric resonance 50.Principle of Zener diode
25. Principle of AC generator 51.Principle of solar cells and process in
26. Principle of transformer working
27.Laws of reflection
Dr G SINGH Page 54

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SHARDA PHYSICS INSTITUTE

(c) along the diagonal BD. (d) perpendicular to side AB.

46. Capacitance of an isolated conducting spherical body of radius 9m is

(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these

(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these

59. The electric field intensity is equal to

(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these

65. State coulomb’s law with limitation.

Short answer type questions ( 2&3 marks)

Long answer type questions ( 5 marks)

37. The temperature (T) dependence of resistivity ( ) of a semiconductor is represented by

59. Thermal coefficient of resistance for metals

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these

66. The temperature (T) dependence of resistivity ( ) of a semiconductor is represented by

68. Effective resistance between A and B is [UPSEAT 2001]

69. The total current supplied to the circuit by the battery is

Very Short answer type questions (one mark)

Short answer type questions (2 & 3 marks)

Long answer type questions ( 5 marks)

39. Magnetic permeability is maximum for

42. Magnets cannot be made from which of the following substances

Very Short answer type questions (one mark)

Unit-4 (Electromagnetic induction)

(a) √ ( ) (b)√ ( ) (c)√ ( ) (d) none of these

(a) √ ( ) (b)√ ( ) (c)√ ( ) (d) none of these

(a) √ ( ) (b)√ ( ) (c)√ ( ) (d) none of these

(a) √( ) (b)√ ( ) (c)√( ) (d) none of these

Very Short answer type questions (one mark)

Long answer type questions (5 marks)

Short answer type questions (2 & 3 marks)

Short answer type questions (2 & 3 marks)

Unit -7 (Photoelectric effect and dual nature of light)

(a) (b) (c) ( ) ( ) (d)none

51. The material which has lowest work function

Very Short answer type questions

48. The basic reaction for decay

Very Short answer type questions

Long answer type questions (5 marks)

Unit- 9 (Semiconductor devices)

(a) remain electrically neutral (c) acquire positive charge

Very Short answer type questions (one mark)

Short answer type questions (2 & 3 marks)

Question related with diagrams

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