Important MCQS

1. The minimum charge on any object cannot be less than

(a) 1.6 x 10-19 C (b) 1.67 x 10-19 C
(c) 9.1 x 10-31 C (d) 1C
2. The number of electron in one coulomb charge is
(a) 1.6 x 10-19 (b) 6.25 x 1018
(c) 6.25 x 10-18 (d) 1
3. The unit of permittivity is:
(a) N m2 c2 (b) C2 N1m2
(c) C2 Nm2 (d) Both (b) and (c)
4. The concept of electric field lines was given by
(a) Millikan (b) Newton
(c) Michael Faraday (d) Coulomb
5. The electric field produced by an isolated positive charge is
(a) Uniform (b) Radial and outward
(c) Radial and inward (d) Perpendicular to charge
6. An electric field can deflect
(a) X-rays (b) Neutrons

(c) α-particle (d) γ-rays

7. The SI unit of electric flux is

(a) N m2C2 (b) N m C-1
(c) N m2C-1 (d) N C m-2
8. The flux passing through per unit area is equal to
(a) Electric intensity (b) Electric potential
(c) Electric current density (d) Surface charge density
9. The electric flux through the surface is minimum, when it is
(a) Parallel to the field (b) Anti-parallel to field
(c) Perpendicular to the field (d) All of them
10. If vector area is held perpendicular to field lines, then flux is:
(a) Maximum (b) Zero
 (c) Average (d) None of these
11. Gauss’s Law can be applied to
(a) Open surface only (b) Flat surface only
(c) Surface of any shape (d) Closed surface only
12. The electric intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge density ‘σ’ is
(a) σ / 2εo (b) σ / εo
(c) 2 εo / σ (d) Zero
13. The electric intensity at a point inside a hollow charge sphere
(a) Is maximum (b) Is constant
(c) Is zero (d) Varies with the distance
14. The electric intensity between two oppositely charged parallel plates of charge density ‘σ’ is
(a) σ / 2 εo (b) σ / εo
(c) 2 εo / σ (d) Zero
15. If a charge q falls through a potential difference of V, the work done per unit charge is
V q
q V
(a) (b)
(c) V (d) qV
16. A positive charge moving in the direction of electric field gains
(a) K.E (b) P.E
(c) Neither K.E nor P.E (d) Both (a) and (b)
17. The potential energy per unit charge is known as
(a) Electric energy (b) Electric potential
(c) Electric intensity (d) Electric flux
18. Electric potential at distance ‘r’ from the +q is given by
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
19. Electron volt is the unit of:
(a) Potential difference (b) Electric energy
(c) Electric current (d) Capacitance
20. One electron volt is equal to:
(a) 1.6  10-19J (b) 1.6  1019J
(c) 1.6  10-18J (d) 1.6  1018J
21. An electron is accelerated by applying a potential difference of 100 V. The K.E gains by electron is:
(a) 1.6  10-18 J (b) 1.6  10-19 J
(c) 1.6  10-17 J (d) 1.6  10-16 J
22. Which one of the following force is long range force?
(a) Coulomb force (b) Gravitational force
 (c) Nuclear force (d) Magnetic force
23. The charge on an electron was determined by
(a) Ampere (b) Coulomb
(c) Millikan (d) Michael Faraday
24. The charge on the capacitor depends upon:
(a) Voltage applied (b) Distance between the plates
(c) Area of the plates of capacitor (d) Nature of material between the plates
25. In a charged capacitor the energy resides in the form of:
(a) Magnetic field (b) Electric field
(c) Nuclear field (d) Gravitational field
26. When a dielectric is placed in an electric field, it
(a) Is charged (b) Gets polarized
(c) Remain uncharged (d) Becomes negatively charged
27. The product of resistance and the capacitance is equal to
(a) Current (b) Time
(c) Potential difference (d) Charge
28. In first time constant, the charge stored by the capacitor is equal to
(a) 37 % of maximum charge (b) 63 % of maximum charge
(c) 36 % of maximum charge (d) 33 % of maximum charge
29. The relation for the energy stored in a charged capacitor is
1 1
QV C V2
2 2
(a) (b)

Q2
2C
(c) (d) All of the above

Important MCQS
1. The charge carriers in the electrolyte are:
(a) Free electrons (b) Negative and positive ions

(c) Electrons and ions (d) Holes

2. The resistance of a conductor does not depend on its

 (a) Length (b) Cross sectional area
(c) Resistivity (d) Mass
3. The resistance of a one-meter cube of a conductor is called:
(a) Resistivity (b) Inductivity
(c) Permittivity (d) Conductivity
4. The SI unit of resistivity is
(a) Ohm-m-2 (b) Ohm-m-1
(c) Ohm-m (d) Ohm-m2
5. The product of resistance and conductance is equal to:
(a) 1 (b) Resistivity
(c) Conductance (d) Zero
6. The reciprocal of the resistivity of a material is called
(a) Conductivity (b) Permittivity
(c) Susceptibility (d) Permeability
7. The SI unit of conductivity is
(a) Ohm m-1 (b) Mho m-1
(c) Ohm-m (d) Ohm-m2
8. The SI unit of conductance is
(a) Ohm-1 (b) Mho
(c) Siemen (d) All of them
9. The reciprocal of resistance is called
(a) Reactance (b) Conductance
(c) Inductance (d) None of above
10. A wire of resistance R is cut into two equal parts. The resistivity of each part
(a) Becomes double (b) Remains the same
(c) Becomes half (d) Becomes one fourth
11. The resistance of a conductor increases with the increase in its
(a) Cross-sectional area (b) Diameter
(c) Length (d) None of the above
12. The SI unit of the temperature coefficient of resistivity of a material is:
(a) K (b) K1
(c) Ohm K (d) Ohm
13. The substance whose resistance decreases with increase in temperature is
(a) Copper (b) Silicon
(c) Silver (d) Iron
14. The thermistors convert the variation of temperature into:
(a) Sound signal (b) Electromagnetic signal
(c) Voltage signal (d) All of them
15. Silver band shows a tolerance of:
 (a)  10% (b)  20%
(c)  5% (d) 10%
16. The substance whose resistance decreases with increase in temperature is
(a) Copper (b) Silver
(c) Silicon (d) Gold
17. The commercial unit of electrical power is
(a) Watt (b) Horse power
(c) Kilowatt (d) Kilowatt hour
18. A 100 W bulb is operated by 200 volt, the current following through the bulb is
(a) 1A (b) 0.5 A
(c) 0A (d) 2.5 A
19. The resistance of a 60 W bulb in a 120 volt line as
(a) 20 ohms (b) 0.5 ohms
(c) 240 ohms (d) 2.0 ohms
20. Which one of the following bulbs has the least resistance?
(a) 100 watt (b) 200 watt
(c) 500 watt (d) 1000 watt
21. The resistance of open circuit is equal to
(a) Zero (b) R
(c) Infinity (d) Constant
22. The terminal potential difference of a cell when short circuited is:
(a) E (b)
(c) Zero (d)
23. The work done per unit charge by the battery is called
(a) Electromotive force (b) Electrical power
(c) Terminal potential difference (d) All of them
24. The energy supplied per unit charge by the battery in the circuit is called
(a) Electromotive force (b) Electrical power
(c) Terminal potential difference (d) All of them
25. The algebraic sum of all potential differences in a closed circuit is:
(a) Maximum (b) Constant
(c) Infinite (d) Zero
26. The current flowing away from the point is taken as:
(a) Zero (b) Positive
(c) Negative (d) All of them
27. Kirchhoff’s second rule is based on the law of conservation of:
(a) Energy (b) Charge
(c) Momentum (d) K.E
28. Wheatstone bridge circuit is used to find:
(a) Current (b) Voltage
(c) Maximum (d) All of these
29. When wheatstone bridge is balanced, the current flowing through the galvanometer is:
(a) Zero (b) Minimum
(c) Resistance (d) All of these
30. Which instrument will give a continuously varying potential?
(a) Potentiometer (b) Digital voltmeter
(c) Rheostat (d) All of them
31. Which instrument can measure the potential difference accurately?
(a) Potentiometer (b) Digital voltmeter
(c) Cathode ray oscilloscope (d) All of them

Important MCQS
1. A current carrying conductor is surrounded by:
(a) Magnetic Field (b) Electric Field
(c) Conservative Field (d) Gravitational Field
2. The force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed parallel to magnetic field is:
(a) F=0 (b) F = BIL
(c) F = BIL sin  (d) F = BIL cos 
3. Two parallel wires carrying current in the opposite direction:
(a) Repel each other (b) Attract each other
(c) No effect on each other (d) None of these
4. When vector area is held parallel and magnetic lines, then flux will be:
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum
(c) Zero (d) Average
5. The magnetic flux density is measured in:
(a) Weber (b) Weber /m2
(c) Tesla -m (d) Gauss / m2
6. The magnetic flux per unit area is called
 (a) Magnetic field intensity (b) Magnetic induction
(c) Magnetic flux (d) Magnetic flux intensity
7. The SI unit of flux density is:
(a) N m A-1 (b) N m A-2
(c) N A m-1 (d) N A-1 m-1
8. Unit of permeability of free space is:
(a) Wb A1m1 (b) N m A1
(c) N m -2 A2 (d) Wb A m2
9. Magnetic field inside a solenoid is:
(a) Zero (b) Weak and variable
(c) Strong and uniform (d) Strong and variable
10. Magnetic field of a current carrying solenoid is
(a) B = μ0 N/ I (b) B = μ0 / N I
(c) B = μ0 n I (d) B = μ0 I / n
11. When a charged particle moves through a magnetic field, the field changes the particle:
(a) Mass (b) Energy
(c) Speed (d) Direction of motion
12. A charge at rest in magnetic field experiences a
(a) Maximum force (b) Minimum Force
(c) Moderate force (d) No Force
13. A charge moving perpendicular to B experiences
(a) Maximum force (b) Minimum Force
(c) Moderate force (d) No Force
14. A magnetic field cannot deflected
(a) α- particles (b) β- particles
(c) Electrons (d) Neutrons
15. Work done by a magnetic force is:
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum
(c) Zero (d) Half of its maximum
16. In a velocity selector, particle pass through it if:
(a)  (b) 
(c)  (d) 
17. Unit of E is NC1 and that of B is NA1 m1. The unit of comes out to be:
(a) m s2 (b) kg m s1
(c) m s1 (d) C s1
18. The sum of the electric and magnetic forces is called
(a) Magnetic force (b) Coulomb force
(c) Lorentz force (d) None of these
19. The e/m of a neutron is
(a) Equal to that of electron (b) Less than that of electron
(c) Greater than that of electron (d) Zero
20. The value of e/m is smallest for
(a) Proton (b) Electron
(c) Alpha particle (d) Positron
21. In CRO, the grid is
(a) Neutral (b) At positive potential
(c) At negative potential (d) All of them
22. The grid in cathode ray oscilloscope controls
(a) Number of electrons (b) Temperature of filament
(c) Frequency of electrons (d) Energy of electron
23. The brightness of the spot on the CRO screen is controlled by
(a) Grid (b) Cathode
(c) Anodes (d) X-plates
24. The torque acting on a current carrying coil placed in a uniform magnetic field is equal to:
(a) NABI cos α (b) NBA cos α
(c) BIA sin α (d) NIB cos α
25. A current carrying rectangular coil is parallel to the magnetic field. The torque on the coil is
(a) Minimum (b) Maximum
(c) Zero (d) None of these

Important MCQS
1. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction was discovered by
(a) Michael Faraday (b) Hens Orsted
(c) Ampere (d) Coulomb
2. The motional emf developed in a conductor depends upon
(a) Length (b) Orientation
(c) Magnetic Field (d) All of the above
3. The motional emf produced in a conductor of length L placed in magnetic field B is
(a) V B L Sin θ (b) V B L Cos θ
(c) V B Sin θ (d) 0
∆φ
4. The term has the dimensions as that of
∆t
(a) Flux (b) Potential difference
(c) Time (d) Current
5. The direction of induced current is found by the use of
(a) Faraday’s Law (b) Right hand rule
(c) Ampere’s Law (d) Lenz’s Law
6. Lenz’s law is in accordance with the law of conservation of
(a) Momentum (b) Angular momentum
(c) Charge (d) Energy
7. The mutual inductance of two coils does not depend upon:
(a) Areas of cross section of coils (b) Number of turns of coils
(c) Material of the core (d) Current flowing through primary coil
8. Mutual inductance has practical role in the performance of the:
(a) Galvanometer (b) A.C. generator
(c) D.C. generator (d) Transformer
9. The SI unit of self-inductance is
(a) Weber (b) Henry
(c) Tesla (d) Gauss
10. If a coil is wound on an iron core, the flux through it will:
(a) Decrease (b) Become zero
(c) Remain the same (d) Increase
11. The energy stored in a magnetic field is given by
(a) L I2 (b) ½ L2I
(c) ½ L I2 (d) I L2
12. The self-inductance of a solenoid is given by
(a) L = μo n A l (b) L = μo n2A l
(c) L = μo N2 A I d) L = μo N A I
13. Which one is not present in A.C generator?
(a) Carbon brush (b) Coil
(c) Magnetic field (d) Split ring
14. The instantaneous value of induced emf in the coil of an A.C. generator is given by
(a) N ω AB Cos θ (b) N ω AB Sin 2θ
(c) B I N A Cos θ (d) N ω AB Sin θ
15. The emf is induced in a coil of an A.C. generator based upon
 (a) Electrostatic Induction (b) Self-Induction
(c) Mutual induction (d) Electromagnetic induction
16. If the rotational speed of a generator is doubled, the output voltage will be
(a) Remain same (b) Double
(c) Four time (d) One half
17. A transformer is used to change
(a) D.C voltage (b) A.C voltage
(c) A.C power (d) All of them
18. A device consisting of two coils wound on an iron core is called
(a) Electric motor (b) A.C generator
(c) D.C generator (d) Transformer
19. The working of transformer is based on the phenomenon of
(a) Mutual induction (b) Self induction
(c) Electromagnetism (d) Electromagnetic induction
20. In an actual transformer, the output is
(a) Greater than input (b) Less than input
(c) Equal to input (d) Zero
21. The efficiency an ideal transformer is
(a) Greater than 100 % (b) Less than 100 %
(c) Equal to 100 % (d) Less than 50 %
22. The power loss in transformer takes place due to:
(a) Eddy current (b) Magnetic Hysteresis loss
(c) Resistances of primary and secondary coils (d) All of them
23. Which quantity is increased in secondary of step-down transformer?
(a) Current (b) Voltage
(c) Power (d) None
24. Which one of the following materials is more suitable for making cores of transformer?
(a) Steel (b) Iron
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Nickel

Important MCQS
1. The current that keeps on reversing its polarity with time is
 (a) Alternating current (b) Direct current
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Electronic current
2. The most common source of an A. C voltage is:
(a) Motor (b) Battery
(c) A. C generator (d) D. C. dynamo
3. The waveform of A.C voltage is known as:
(a) Cosine curve (b) Sine curve
(c) Tangent cure (d) Varying cure
4. An A.C varies as a function of:
(a) Voltage (b) Current
(c) Time (d) Displacement
5. The average value of current and voltage over a complete cycle is:
(a) Positive (b) Maximum
(c) Zero (d) minimum
6. During each cycle, alternating voltage reaches a peak value:
(a) Once (b) Twice
(c) Thrice (d) Four times
7. An A.C voltmeter reads 220 V, its peak value will be:
(a) 255 Volts (b) 340 Volts
(c) 311. 12 Volts (d) 220 Volts
8. If Vo is the peak value of A.C voltage, its root mean square value is:
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
9. The phase at the positive peak is:
(a)  (b)
(c) (d) 0
10. The basic circuit elements in D. C. circuit is / are
(a) Resistor (b) Capacitor
(c) Inductor (d) All of the above
11. The power dissipated in A. C. circuit is given by:
(a) P = I2Z (b) P = VI sin
2
(c) P = I XL (d) P = VI cos
12. The power factor in A. C. circuit is given by:
(a) Cos (b) Sin
(c) Tan (d) Cot
13. In pure resistive circuit, the alternating voltage and current are:
(a) In phase (b) Out of phase
(c) Continuous change in phase (d) None of the above
14. At high frequency, the reactance of a capacitor will be:
(a) Large (b) Infinite
(c) Zero (d) Small
15. The reactance XL of inductor in an A.C circuit is given by:
(a) (b) L
(c) (d)
16. In an A.C circuit, the coil draws a:
(a) Leading current (b) Lagging current
(c) Main current (d) Zero current
17. At low frequency of A.C, the reactance of inductor will be
(a) Small (b) Large
(c) Become Infinite (d) Becomes zero
18. In an inductive A. C. circuit, the current:
(a) Leads the voltage by 90o (b) Lags behind voltage by 90o
(c) Legs behind the voltage by 180o (d) Leads the voltage by 180o
19. The combined effect of resistance and reactance in A. C. circuit is called:
(a) Impedance (b) Resistance
(c) Choke (d) Capacitance
20. When 10V are applied to an A. C. circuit, the current flowing in it is 100 mA, its impedance is:
(a) 75  (b) 100 
(c) 90  (d) 120 
21. The power factor of R-C series circuit is:
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) Less than 1 (d) Greater than 1
22. For R-L series circuit, the phase angle is given by:
(a)  = Tan-1 (LR) (b)  = Tan-1 (L/R)
(c)  = Tan-1 (R/L) (d)  = Tan-1 (1/LR)
23. The impedance of R-C series circuit is given by:

Z=√ √ R2 + Xc2
2
R + X 2
(a) L (b) Z=

Z=√
(c)
R2 + ( X L - Xc)2 (d) Z=R
24. At resonance frequency, the impedance of RLC series circuit is:
(a) Zero (b) Minimum
(c) Maximum (d) Infinite
25. The phase angle of a series RLC at resonance frequency is:
(a) 90o (b) 0o
(c) 180o (d) - 90o
26. At resonance frequency, the impedance of RLC series circuit is equal to:
 (a) L (b) R
(c) C (d) 1
27. The power factor of R-C series circuit is:
(a) 1 (b) Less than 1
(c) 0 (d) Greater than 1
28. The power factor in a L-C parallel circuit at resonance frequency is:
(a) <1 (b) Zero
(c) 1 (d) >1
29. In RLC series circuit, the energy is dissipated in
(a) Resistor only (b) Capacitor only
(c) Inductor only (d) All of them

Important MCQS
1. The measure of deformation of a solid by applied force is called
(a) Stress (b) Strain
(c) Elasticity (d) plasticity
2. The crystalline structure of NaCl is
(a) Tetrahedral (b) Cubical

(c) Trigonal (d) Octagonal

3. Which one of the following has only bulk modulus?

(a) Glass (b) Water
(c) Diamond (d) Tungsten
4. Mathematically stress is defined as
(a) σ=F/A (b) σ=FxA
(c) σ=F/L (d) σ=F/V
5. Which of following has the highest elasticity?
(a) Rubber (b) Steel
 (c) Glass (d) All
6. The stress has the same unit as that of
(a) Strain (b) Young’s modulus
(c) Surface tension (d) Shear strain
7. The unit of strain is
(a) N m-2 (b) N m-1
(c) Pascal (d) None of them
8. The formula for strain energy in deformed materials is:
(a) ½ F Δℓ (b) ½ F / Δℓ
(c) ½ F2 Δℓ (d) ½ F Δℓ2
9. The substance which undergo plastic deformation until they break are called
(a) Ductile (b) Brittle
(c) Insulator (d) Amorphous
10. Which of the following is the maximum stress?
(a) UTS (b) Elastic limit
(c) Proportional limit (d) Fracture stress

Important S. Qs # 12.3, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9

Important N.P # 12.1, 12.7, 12.12, and 12.13
Important Example # 12.3, 12.4 and 12.6
Important L.Qs # Q.11, Q.14, Q.20 and Q.22
Unseen S.Qs

Q # 1 Define relative permittivity or dielectric constant. What is its unit?

Ans. Relative permittivity r

Thus, the dielectric constant r can be defined as “The ratio of the capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor with an insulating substance as medium between the plates to its capacitance with vacuum
as medium between its plates”.
As dielectric constant is the ratio of two capacitances, so it has no unit.
Q#2 Write down some properties of electric lines of forces.
Ans. Characteristics of Line of Force:
 1. The lines of force always start from positive charges and end on negative charges.
2. The lines of force are closer where the field is strong and are further apart where the field is weak.
3. The lines of force do not intersect each other.
4. The tangent to a field line at any point gives the direction of electric field at that point.
5. Electric lines are imaginary paths, so they have no real existence.

Q#3 What is Xerography? What are main parts of photocopier?

Ans. The coping process is called xerography, from the Greek word “xeros” and “graphos”, meaning “dry
writing”.
The main parts of a photocopier are
(i) Drum
(ii) Lamp
(iii) Lens
(iv) Toner Cartridge
(v) Heated rollers

Q#4 Define electric flux. What are its units?

Ans. Electric Flux:

Physically, the electric flux is the number of field lines passing through a certain area placed in an
electric field. Mathematically, the electric flux is defined as “the dot product of electric intensity  and
vector area .”
i.e.  = .  = E A Cos
Where is is the angle between  and .
Unit: The SI units of electric flux is Nm2C-1.

Q#5 Prove that electric intensity is equal to negative of potential gradient.

Ans. The potential difference between two points A and B is given by
VB – VA = ---------- (1)
The work done in moving the charge q o from point A to B against the direction of electric field E is
given by
WAB = .    = qo
= qo. 
= qo (.)
= qo E d Cos θ
Since and  are in opposite direction, so θ 180o. thus we can write as
WAB = qo E d Cos 180o
WAB = -qo E d
Putting WAB = -qo E d in eq.(1), we get

Hence, VB – VA =

or V =  Ed -------- (2)

If the distance d between plates A and B is very small, then d = r

Hence, V = E r

 E =  --------- (3)
 The quality gives the maximum value of the rate of change of potential with respect to distance and is
known as potential gradient. Thus the electric intensity is equal to the negative of the gradient of
potential.

Q#6 Define potential gradient. What is its use?

Ans. Potential Gradient

The rate of change of potential with respect to distance and is known as potential gradient. Thus the
electric intensity is equal to the negative of the gradient of potential.
E = 
The negative sign indicates that the potential decreases in the direction of .
Unit: The SI unit of potential gradient is volt/meter (V m-1).

Q#7 What is electron volt? Define it.

Ans. Electron Volt:

It is the unit of energy usually used in atomic physics to express the energy of sub-atomic
particles such as electron, proton, neutron etc.
It is defined as “The energy gained or lost by an electron when it is accelerated through a
potential difference of 1 volt.
1 electron-volt = charge on electron × 1 volt
i.e. 1 eV = 1.6 × 10-19C × 1
1eV = 1.6 × 10-19J

Q#8 What are the similarities and differences between electrical and gravitational forces?
Ans. Similarities:

1. Both gravitational and electric forces are conservative.

2. The electric force is similar in form to the gravitational force .
3. Both forces obey inverse square law i.e. Fe  and Fg 
Differences:
1. The gravitational force is very weak force as compared to electric force.
2. The electric force could be attractive or repulsive but the gravitational force is only
attractive.
3. The electric force is medium dependent and can be shielded but the gravitational force lacks
this property.
Q#9 Define time constant of RC-series circuit.
Ans. Time Constant:

The time constant of RC series circuit is equal to the product of resistance and capacitance.
It is defined as “The time required by the capacitor to deposit 0.63 times the equilibrium charge q o” or
63% of equilibrium charge qo.
Charging and discharging of a capacitor depends upon the time constant t= RC. Smaller the time
constant, more quickly the capacitor charges or discharges.
Q # 10 What is meant by electric polarization?
Ans. The phenomenon of redistribution of charges in the dielectric substance under the influence of
external electric field is called electric polarization.
When a dielectric substance is placed in an electric field of a capacitor, the negative charges
(electrons) are attracted towards the positively charged plate of the capacitor and the positive charges
(nuclei) towards the negatively charged plate. Under this condition, each molecule behaves as a dipole
and dielectric is said to be polarized.
Important S. Qs # 13.1, 13.2, 13.4, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8 and 13.9
Important N.P # 13.4 and 13.5
Important Example # 13.2, 13,3 and 13.4
Important L. Qs # Q.10, Q.13, Q.14 and Q.18
Unseen S. Qs
Q#1 Define resistivity. What is its unit?
Ans. The resistance of a wire of 1m length and 1m 2 area of cross-section is called the resistivity of the wire.
It can be defined as the resistance of a meter cube of the conductor.

Unit: The unit of resistivity is ohm m (-m)

Q#2 Differentiate between resistivity and conductivity.

Ans.
Resistivity Conductivity
1. It is the resistance of a meter cube of the 1. It is the reciprocal of resistivity.
conductor.
2. The SI unit of resistivity is ohm m (-m) 2. The SI unit of conductivity is ohm-1m-1.
3. If the resistivity of a material is large, the 3. If the conductivity of a material is large, the
material is a bad conductor. material is a good conductor.
4. It depends upon the temperature and 4. It depends upon the temperature and
nature of material. nature of material.

Q#3 What is meant by the tolerance? What the values of tolerance for gold and silver colors.

Ans. Tolerance:

It is the possible variation from the marked value of carbon resistance. Its colour is either
silver or gold.
i) Silver band indicates a tolerance of ± 10%,
ii) Gold band shows a tolerance of ± 5%.
iii) If there is no fourth band, tolerance is understood to be ± 20%.
Q#4 What are rheostat? Write down its uses.
Ans. RHEOSTAT:
It is a wire wound variable resistance. It consists of a bare manganin wire wound over an insulating
cylinder. The ends of wire are connected to two fixed terminals A and B. A third terminal C is attached
to a sliding contact which can be moved over the wire.
Uses: A rheostat can be used as a
(i) Variable resistor
 (ii) Potential divider
Q#5 What are thermistors? Write down its uses.
Ans. THERMISTORS:
A thermistor is a heat sensitive resistor. They are also called temperature dependent resistor. The
resistance of the thermistors varies with temperature. Most thermistors have negative temperature
co-efficient of resistance. Thermistors with positive temperature co-efficient are also available.
Uses:
(i) Thermistors with high negative temperature co-efficient are very accurate for measuring low
temperature especially near 10k.
(ii) Thermistors can be used as temperature sensors. They convert changes of temperature into
electrical voltage.
Q#6 Differentiate between electromotive force and terminal potential difference.
Ans.

Electromotive Force Terminal Potential Difference

It is the potential difference between the It is the potential difference between the
1. 1.
terminals of battery when no current is terminals of a battery when it is supplying
flowing through an external circuit. current to an external circuit.
It is given by It is given by
2. 2.
E =V+Ir V =E–Ir
The e.m.f is greater than terminal potential The terminal potential difference is smaller
difference by I r. than by electromotive force by I r.
The potential difference across the
3. The emf is always present even when no 3.
conductor is zero when no current flows
current is drawn through the battery.
through it.
Q#7 State Kirchhoff’s rules.
Ans. Kirchhoff’s First rule
It states that the sum of all the currents meeting at a point in the circuit is zero.
Mathematically, it is written as
 I = 0
Kirchhoff’s first rule is a manifestation of law of conservation of charge.
Kirchhoff’s second rule
It states that the algebraic sum of potential changes in a closed circuit or a loop must be equal to zero
Mathematically, it is written as
 V = 0
Kirchhoff’s second rule is a particular form of law of conservation of energy in electrical problems
Q#8 What is potentiometer? Write down its uses.
Ans. Potentiometer
It is the instrument which can measure and compare potentials accurately without drawing any
current from the circuit.
Use of Potentiometer:
Potentiometer can be used:
(i) as a potential divider.
(ii) to measure unknown emf of a cell.
(iii) to compare emfs of two cells.
(iv) to determine internal resistance of a cell.
Important S.Qs # 14.2, 14.3, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 14.10 and 14.11
Important N.P # 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6 and 14.7
Important Example # 14.1, 14.3, 14.4 and 14.5
Important L.Qs # Q.2, Q.4, Q.5 and Q.7
Unseen S.Qs
Q#1 Define magnetic induction. What are its units?
Ans. Magnetic Induction:
The magnetic induction B is defined as the force acting on one-meter length of the conductor placed
at right angle to the magnetic field when 1A current is passing through it.
Unit: The SI unit of magnetic induction is Tesla.
Where 1T = 1NA-1m-1
Q#2 Define tesla.
Ans. Tesla:
It is the SI unit of magnetic induction or strength of magnetic field.
It is defined as the strength of magnetic field is said to be one tesla if it exerts a force of one newton
on one-meter length of the conductor placed at right angle to the field when a current of one ampere
passes through the conductor.
Where 1T = 1NA-1m-1
Q#3 Differentiate between magnetic flux and magnetic flux density.
Ans.

Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux Density

It is the total number of magnetic lines of It is the number of magnetic lines of force
1. 1.
force passing through any surface placed passing through a unit area held
in magnetic field. perpendicular to the magnetic field.
It is the dot product of magnetic field and It is the magnetic flux per unit area and is
2. 2.
vector area of the surface and is given by given by
B = . = B A cos  B =
Where ‘’ is the angle between the Where B is the magnetic flux passing
magnetic field  and vector area . through area A.
The SI-unit of magnetic flux is weber. The SI-unit of magnetic flux density is
3. 3.
Where 1 Weber = Nm A-1 Weber/m2. This is equal to Tesla.
It is a scalar quantity. It is the vector quantity.
4. 4.

Q#4 What is a solenoid? What happened when current is passed through a solenoid?
Ans. A solenoid is a long tightly wound cylindrical coil of wire. When current passes through solenoid, it
produces magnetic field like a bar magnet. The field inside the current carrying solenoid is uniform
and stronger as compared to the outside field. The magnetic field outside the solenoid so weak that it
can be neglected.

Q#5 What is a Lorentz force?

Ans. Lorentz Force
If a charge q moves in a region where an electric field  and magnetic field are applied, then total
force F on the particle is the vector sum of the electric force and the magnetic force. This force is
known as the Lorentz force and is given by
 = + 
Or  = q+ q( )

Only the electric force does work on the particle. Whereas the magnetic force does not work because,
it is perpendicular to the velocity. It is only a deflecting force.
Q#6 Write down the uses of CRO.
Ans. Uses of CRO
The CRO is used
(i) to display the wave form of a given voltage.
(ii) To find the instantaneous value and peak value of the A.C. voltage.
(iii) To find the time period and frequency of A.C. voltage.
(iv) To measure the phase difference between the two voltage.
Q#7 What is an AVO-meter? Write down its uses.

Ans. AVO meter:

It is an electrical instrument which can measure current in amperes, potential difference in volts and
resistance in ohms. In the word AVO-meter A stands for ampere, V stands for volt and O stands for
ohm.
Uses of AVO-meter
The AVO-meter cab be used
(i) As an ammeter to measure the current in ampere.
(ii) As a voltmeter to measure the voltage in volt.
(iii) As an ohm-meter to measure the resistance in ohm.

Important S.Qs # 15.1, 15.2, 15.5, 15.8, 15.9 15.10 and 15.13
Important N.P # 15.1, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7, 15.10 and 15.11
Important Example # 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4 and 15.6
Important L.Qs # Q.3, Q.6, Q.8 and Q.9
Unseen S. Qs
Q # 1 What is electromagnetic induction?
Ans. It is the phenomenon of producing induced emf or induced current in a loop by changing the magnetic
flux through the loop. It is the reverse phenomenon of electromagnetism.
Q # 2 Define induced emf and induced current.
Ans. Induced EMF
An emf induced in a loop by changing the magnetic flux passing through the loop is called induced
emf. The induced emf depends upon the rate of change of magnetic flux passing through the loop.
Greater is the rate of change of flux, the larger is the induced emf.
Induced Current:
The current induced in a loop by changing the magnetic flux passing through the loop is called induced
current. The induced current depends upon the induced emf and the resistance of the loop. Greater is
the resistance of the loop, the smaller is the induced current.
Q # 3 State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
Ans. Faraday’s Law states the average emf induced in a coil of N-loops is equal to the negative of the N-
times the rate of change of magnetic flux.
 = N
Q # 4 State Lenz’s law.
Ans. This law states the direction of the induced current is always so as to oppose the change which causes
the current. Lenz’s law is used to determine the direction of induced current.
Q # 5 On what factors the mutual inductance depends?
Ans. Dependence of Mutual Inductance:
Mutual inductance of two coils depends upon the following factors
(i) Number of turns of the coils,
(ii) Area of cross section
(iii) Closeness of two coils
(iv) The nature of the core material upon which the two coils are wounded.
Q # 6 On what factors the self-inductance depends?
Ans. Self-inductance of the coil depends upon the following factors
(v) Number of turns of the coil
(vi) Area of cross section of the coil
(vii) Length of the coil
(viii) The nature of the core material upon which the coil is wounded.
Q # 7 What is back emf? Why is it so called?
Ans. Back emf:
The emf induced in a coil by changing the current in the same coil is called as back emf. The back emf
always opposes the change in current.
Reason:
 If the current in the coil is increased, the induced emf will act to oppose the battery by sending the
induced current exactly opposite to the battery current. But when the current is decreased, the
induced emf will aid the battery by supplying induced current in the same direction as that of battery
current.

Important S.Qs # 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5 and 16.6

Important N.P # 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.7 and 16.9
Important Example # 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 and 16.7
Important L.Qs # Q.7, Q.8, Q.10 and Q.11
Unseen S. Qs
Q # 1 Define and peak value and peak to peak value of A.C?
Ans. Peak Value:

It is defined as the maximum or highest value of alternating current or voltage during in one cycle. It is
denoted by Vo.
Peak to peak value:
It is sum of the positive and negative peak values of alternating voltage. It is also called P-P value of
alternating voltage which is 2 Vo.
Q # 2 Define instantaneous value of A.C. How is it related to peak value?
Ans. Instantaneous Value:

The value of voltage or current that exists in a circuit at any instant of time measured from some
reference point is known as its instantaneous value.
Mathematically, instantaneous value is given by
V = Vo Sin 
= Vo Sint
= Vo sin t = Vo Sin 2  f t
Q # 3 What is root mean square value of A.C? How is it related to peak value?
Ans. Root Mean Square Value:

It is the square root of means square value of alternating voltage or current. It is also known as
effective value of A.C.
The root mean square value of alternating voltage is
Vrms =
=
=
 Vrms = 0.7 Vo
Similarly, the rms value of alternating current is
Irms = 0.7 Io

Q # 4 What is meant by phase of A.C.

Ans. The instantaneous value of the alternating voltage is given by

V = Vo sin t

or V = Vo sin 

The angle  which specifies the instantaneous

value of the alternating voltage or current is known as its
phase.

According to the waveform of alternating voltage

as shown in the fig. The phase at points A, B, C, D and E

is 0, , , and 2 respectively. Thus each point on A.C waveform gives some phase.
Q # 5 What is meant by impedance? What is its unit?
Ans. IMPEDANCE:
An A.C circuit may consist of resistance R, an inductance L, a capacitance C or a combination of these
elements. The combined effect of resistance and reactance’s in an A.C circuit is known as impedance.
It is denoted by Z. IThe impedance of an A.C circuit is given by
Z =

Where Vrms = root mean square value of A.C voltage

Irms = root mean square value of A.C Current

Unit: The SI unit of impedance is Ohm.

Q # 6 Define the reactance of inductor. What is its unit?

Ans. Inductive Reactance:

It is the measure of the opposition offered by an inductor to the flow of A.C. It is denoted by X L and is
given by
XL =
= L
= 2 f L
This equation shows that the inductive reactance is directly proportional to both frequency of A.C and
inductance of inductor L.

Unit: The SI unit of inductive reactance is ohm.

As XL =
 1 ohm = 1VA-1
Important N.P # 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4 and 17.5
Important L.Qs # Q.4, Q.6, Q.7 and Q.8
Unseen S. Qs
Q#1 Define stress and strain. What are their SI units?
Ans. STRESS:

It is defined as “the force applied per unit area to produce change in shape, volume or length of a
body.
Mathematically, it is written as
Stress =
or  =
Unit: The SI-unit of stress is N/m2 or Nm-2 which is given the name Pascal (Pa)
i.e. 1Pa = Nm-2
STRAIN:
The measure of the deformation of a solid when stress is applied on it is called strain.
Mathematically, it is defined as the fractional change in length.
i.e. Tensile Strain =  =
Where l is the change in length and l is the original length.
Unit: As strain is the ratio of two lengths, so it has no unit.
Q#2 Differentiate between young modulus and bulk modulus.
Ans. Young’s Modulus:
It is defined as “The ratio of tensile (or compressive) stress to tensile (or compressive) strain is called
young’s modulus or modulus of rigidity.”
Young’s Modulus =

i.e. Y =  Y = ×

Unit: Its SI unit is N m-2 or Pascal. Where 1 Pa = 1 N m-2

Bulk Modulus:

It is defined as “The ratio of applied stress to volumetric strain is called bulk modulus.”
i.e. K=  K= ×

Unit: Its SI unit is N m-2 or Pascal. Where 1 Pa = 1 N m-

Q#3 Show that the units of modulus of elasticity and stress are the same.
 Force
Ans. As Stress = Area

Unit of stress = N/m2 or N m-2 …………(1)

Stress
And Modulus of elasticity = Strain

Unit of stress
Unit of modulus of elasticity = Unit of strain

We know that strain has no unit.

Unit of modulus of elasticity = Unit of stress = N m-2…………..(2)

It is clear from eq.(1) and eq.(2) that the unit of modulus of elasticity is same as that of stress that is N
m-2.

Q#4 Define the terms proportional limit and elastic limit.

Ans. Proportional Limit:

(i) The greatest stress that a material can endure without losing straight line of proportionality
between stress and strain is called proportional limit. It is denoted by p.
(ii) The strain produced within proportional limit is directly proportional to applied stress.
Elastic Limit:
(i) The greatest stress that a material can endure without any permanent change in shape or
dimensions. It is denoted by e.
(ii) The strain produced within elastic limit is temporary and beyond it the strain becomes
permanent.
(iii) The elastic limit is slightly greater than the proportional limit.
Q#5 Define elastic deformation and plastic deformation.
Ans. Elastic Deformation:
Deformation produced within the elastic region is elastic deformation. In elastic region, the
deformation is temporary and the material regains its original shape or dimensions on removing the
applied stress.
Plastic Deformation:
If the stress is increased beyond the elastic limit of the material, the deformation produced is called
plastic deformation. In plastic region, the deformation produced becomes permanent and material
does not recover its original shape or dimension after the stress is removed.
Q#6 What are ductile and brittle substances.
Ans. Ductile Substance:

(i) The substances which undergo plastic deformation until they break are known as ductile
substance.
(ii) Ductile substances can be easily hammered or stretched into thin wires without breakage.
(iii) Examples: Copper, Aluminum, Gold, Steel and Wrought iron etc
Brittle Substances:
(i) The substances which break just after the elastic limit is reached are known as brittle
substances.
(ii) Brittle substances are hard and cannot be hammered or stretched like ductile substances.
(iii) Examples: Glass, Cement, Stone, Ice and high carbon steel etc.

Question Bank of Physics

By
Prof. Abdul Ghaffar