Gen.

Vicente Alvarez Street, Zamboanga City

Second Long Exam in Earth Science

Name: ___________________________________ Section: ______________ Date: ___________

Test I. Multiple-Choice Test
Directions: Read and understand the given questions. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space
provided before the number. Write your answer in UPPERCASE. If the answer is not found in the choices, write E.

_____ 1. The difference between mechanical
weathering and chemical weathering is that
mechanical weathering
A. removes loose debris, whereas chemical
weathering changes minerals.
B. breaks rocks and minerals into smaller
pieces of the same composition, whereas
chemical weathering changes minerals.
C. occurs while rocks and minerals are moving,
whereas chemical weathering takes place
in situ (in one place).
D. mechanical weathering is caused by
human activity, whereas chemical
weathering is a natural phenomenon.
bonus 2. There are four pairs of rock types below,
with the left-hand rock being a potential parent
and the right-hand being a metamorphic rock
derived from that parent. Which of these is not a
valid pair?
A. shale to slate
B. limestone to marble
C. sandstone to quartzite
D. conglomerate to phyllite
_____ 3. All of the following cause physical
weathering except ___.
A. ice
B. tree roots
C. water
D. CO2
_____ 4. The difference between mechanical and
chemical weathering
A. the length of time each takes to break up a
rock
B. that each occurs only in certain parts of the
world
C. the way they affect the composition of a
rock
D. that only chemical weathering involves
water
D. Movement of tectonic plates and mantle
plumes
_____ 7. Carbonation, in terms of chemical
weathering, occurs when
A. carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen to
form hydrocarbons that can weather rock
and other materials.
B. carbon dioxide gas in water is dissolved
under high pressure.
C. water vapor dissolves carbon dioxide,
yielding precipitation that contains carbonic
acid.
D. carbon dioxide interacts with calcium
hydroxide and hydrates calcium silicates
_____ 8. The fact that water expands as much as
9% of its volume as it freezes is the basis of
A. Oxidization
B. exfoliation.
C. salt crystal growth
D. frost wedging
_____ 9. Hydration involves
A. the chemical reaction of water
B. the addition of water with little chemical
change
C. frost action
D. salt crystal growth from evaporation
_____10. The yellow-red stains that occur on some
rock surfaces are the result of ________ which is a
form of ________ weathering

_____ 5. One way that people cause greater

erosion is by ___.
A. building terraces
B. removing plants
C. planting grass A. hydration; physical
D. building walls B. hydration; chemical
C. oxidation; physical
_____ 6. Which are examples of endogenic process D. oxidation; chemical
that shape the surface of the Earth include?
A. Rivers and glaciers _____ 11. The half-life of Zn-71 is 2.4 minutes. If one
B. Rivers and wind had 100.0 g at the beginning, how many grams
C. Volcanoes and rivers would be left after 7.2 minutes have elapsed?
A. 12.5 g
B. 25.0 g

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D. 5.2 g

_____ 12. Sort the following from earliest (closest to

Earth’s formation) to latest (closest to present):
1 Phanerozoic 2 Archean
3 Hadean 4 Proterozoic,

A. 1,2,3,4
B. 3,2,1,4
C. 3,2,4,1
D. 1,4,2,3

_____ 13. According to the principle of A. D
uniformitarianism, B. C
A. geologic processes we observe today have C. B
operated in the past D. A
B. geologic processes in the past operated at
the same rate as they do today _____ 20. Which technique is used to determine
C. all of the planets formed from a uniform whether an object or event is older or younger than
solar nebula other objects or events?
D. early Earth was covered by a uniform A. Relative dating
magma ocean B. Absolute dating
C. Unconformities
_____ 14. “The present is the key to the past”. D. Radioactivity
From which principle is the sentence
above? _____ 21. What is the number of neutrons of C-14?
A. Law of Original Horizontality A. 6
B. Law of Superposition B. 8
C. Law of Cross-Cutting Relations C. 10
D. Law of Uniformitarianism D. 14
_____ 15. What is the name of the large
_____ 22. It is the time needed for half of the sample
supercontinent that existed 200 million years ago
when all of the continents were together? of a radioactive substance to undergo radioactive
A. San Andreas decay.
B. Andian A. Isotope
C. Indian B. Radioactivity
D. Pangaea C. Half-life
D. Concentration
_____ 16. The cliff face in a quarry is made up of
layers of limestone at the top and sandstone at the _____ 23. Using the diagram below, which layer of
bottom. Both the limestone and the sandstone are rocks contains the oldest fossils? D
cut through by a basalt dyke (igneous intrusion).
Which is the youngest rock (the most recently A.
formed)?
A. Sandstone B.
B. Limestone
C. Basalt C.
D. All of the above
D.
_____ 17. Which of the following can be helpful in
telling us the age of a sedimentary rock? _____ 24. Which of the following will not form a
A. The type of fossils that it contains fossil?
B. The composition of the minerals in the rock A. bones
C. The roundness of the grains in the rock C. decomposed plant or animal matter
D. The size of crystals.
B. animal footprints
_____ 18. The age of the Earth is thought to be D. plant impressions (cast)
about: Correct answer: 4.6 billion years
A. 4,600 years _____ 25. Considering the present condition of the
B. 4,600 billion years environment, do you think living organisms are still
C. 4,600 million years evolving today?
D. 46 thousand years
A. Yes, because it is a natural phenomenon
that we cannot stop from happening.
_____ 19. The figure below shows layers of rocks.
B. Yes, because humans continuously alter the
Which rock is the youngest?
environment which triggers evolution
among living organisms in order to survive.

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 C. No, because the environment remains B. law of horizontality
favorable to living organisms. C. uniformitarianism
D. No, because there is no condition outside D. unconformities
their bodies that will trigger evolution.
_____ 31. Which is the most recent era of time- the
_____ 26. Why are isotopes with short half-lives not
one that we are currently in?
useful for dating very old rocks?
A. Mesozoic
A. because not enough of the parent isotope
B. Paleozoic
remains to measure accurately
C. Cenozoic
B. because not enough of the daughter
D. Precambrian
product has formed to be detectable
C. because neither the parent isotope nor the
_____ 32. What is known as "age of reptiles"
daughter product will be detectable
A. Paleozoic Era
D. because very old rocks would never have
B. Cenozoic Era
contained these isotopes
C. Mesozoic Era
D. Precambrian Era
_____ 27. The original element that undergoes
radioactive decay is known as the
_____ 33. Radioactive dates are based on
A. daughter
A. the ratio of unstable parent material and
B. element
stable daughter product present in a
C. half-life
sample
D. parent element
B. measuring the amount of unstable isotopes
present
_____ 28. During which era did the earliest dinosaurs
C. measuring the number of atoms that decay
appear?
per unit time
A. Cenozoic
B. Paleozoic D. none of these
C. Mesozoic
D. Precambrian _____ 34. The era known as the "age of mammals" or
“recent life” is the
_____ 29. Gaps in rock layers caused by erosion or A. Precambrian
plate tectonics are called B. Paleozoic
A. law of superposition C. Cenozoic
B. unconformities D. Mesozoic
C. uniformitarianism
D. relative dating _____ 35. Which method is used to date organic
remains?
_____ 30. The ________ states that layers of sediment A. Carbon-Nitrogen
were originally deposited horizontally under the B. Potassium-Argon
action of gravity. C. Rubidium-Strontium
A. law of superposition D. Thorium-Lead

Test II. Identification

Direction: Identify the following eon or era. Choose your answer from the choices below.

Paleozoic Hadean Archean

Mesozoic Proterozoic Cenozoic

Hadean 1. Formation of the earth Hadean 10. Water started to exist on earth
Cenozoic 2. Extinction of Dinosaurs Proterozoic 11. Appearance of the first eukaryotic
Mesozoic 3. The age of conifers organisms
Cenozoic 4. Existence of the first primates Paleozoic 12. Age of Amphibians
Paleozoic 5. Age of invertebrates Cenozoic 13. Homo sapiens started to exist
Proterozoic 6. Ozone stabilization Cenozoic 14. Age of Mammals
Archean 7. The appearance of the first DNA Mesozoic 15. Age of Dinosaurs
Archean 8. Prokaryotic bacteria started to exist
Hadean 9. Formation of the moon

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