The basal ice layer had smaller grains and contained fewer air bubbles but much

more dirt
than the ice above. Its thickness varied from almost zero on the tops of bumps to
about 3 cm.
Its upper boundary, which was distinct, appeared as a straight line in sections cut
parallel
to the direction of flow and coincided with the crest of the first bump upstream.
This layer
was identified as ice formed by refreezing on the downstream side of the bump and
of water
melted on the upstream side.
2. The ice in this regelation layer appeared to be undeformed by flow. However,
there were
foliation planes (Chapter 10) in the ice at distances of 50cm and more above the
bed. These
planes, and the regelation layer as awhole,were bent downward in the downstream
direction,
corresponding to the steepening of the glacier bed. This demonstrated the existence
of creep
flowaround the larger bumps.These observations also suggested that the controlling
obstacle
size lies between 3 and 50 cm.ius ultricies. Donec at erat ante. Aenean quis
scelerisque nisl. Proin ultricies tortor at justo posuere fringilla.