NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES

Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES ON HEALTH AND QUALITY

OF LIFE DURING THE COVID-19 IN NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES

A Research Paper
Presented to
Ms. Precious Abayon Domingo
Northwestern Visayan Colleges
Kalibo, Aklan

In Partial Fulfillment
of The Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

ELIJAH FLORES AGUILAR

December, 2022
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Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

RECOMMENDATION SHEET

This study entitled “THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES ON HEALTH

AND QUALITY OF LIFE DURING THE COVID-19 IN NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN
COLLEGES” by Elijah F. Aguilar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Physical Education has been examined and recommendation for examinations.

MS. PRECIOUS ABAYON DOMINGO

Filipino Adviser
 NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES
Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Especially during the COVID-19 epidemic, student participation in physical activity (PA)
has significantly decreased, leading The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19) around the world not only affects the daily physical activity (PA) of various ethnic groups,
but more likely causes a major impact on health as well to an increase in the risk of students
developing physical illnesses. It is noteworthy that, due to the impact of COVID-19, the change
of college physical education (PE) courses to online teaching methods may affect the amount of
time students can participate in sports, the space required for sports, and the performance of
sports behaviors (completing the general sports skills). The focus of this study is to assess
student participation in physical activities (participation in PE classes) during the COVID-19
pandemic and the possibility of how to promote well-being, so as to facilitate students to
continue participating in PA and enhance the quality of their daily life through physical activity,
thereby improving their quality of life and mental health.
Physical education provides numerous benefits, including those directly related to the
prevention of cardiovascular diseases, enhanced mental health, and life health outcomes. In
Taiwanese universities, every student must participate in one physical education course for 120
min per week. Students are free to complete the course during any of the four years at university.
Thus, participation in sports is particularly important for students and is a key aspect of their
health outcome, encouraging students to develop a lifelong holistic learning process, which is
acquired and applied in physical education contexts.
Physical education courses are important in achieving physical activity, and participation
in sports through physical activity is one of the important achievements of physical activity. The
content of the physical activity course should be designed in a way that introduces students to
different sports activities, improves their athletic skills, encourage engaging in physical activity
regularly throughout life, and teaches the importance of movement to a healthy life. Thanks to
 NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES
Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

positive health outcomes, which is the goal of physical education lessons, students become aware
of the benefits of physical activity.
There is overwhelming evidence of the role of the participation in sports in individuals’
well-being and quality life. In the context of physical education, participation in sports has been
found to contribute to various positive individual outcomes, such as lower illness and higher
well-being, higher adaptive cognitive response, higher behavioral intention, as well as better
behavioral persistence. Because of the beneficial role of physical education in promoting quality
of life and health, researches have focused on elevated outcomes from students’ participation in
physical activity.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the impact of physical education classes on health and quality of
life during covid-19. Specifically, this study attempted to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age,
1.2 Sex,
1.3 Civil Status,
1.4 Educational Attainment,
2. What are the impact of covid-19 pandemic in physical education.
1.1 Health,
1.2 Social Mobility,
1.3 Mental Health,
3. What is the degree impact of covid-19 pandemic in physical education.
1.1 Health,
1.2 Social Mobility,
1.3 Mental Health,
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Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

Conceptual Framework

The control measures to limit the spread of the pandemic, such as lockdown, quarantine,
self-isolation, social distancing, and wearing of masks have restricted both indoor and outdoor
sports and fitness activities. Under the influence of various factors such as the general lack of
time and space and the increase in family roles the types of physical activities that people can
participate in have changed. People's engagement in exercise has also changed.

Theoretical Framework

Globally, the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which the World
Health Organization declared to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020, has had a significant impact
on people’s daily life. According to Google’s COVID 19 Community Mobility Reports, as of
March 9, 2021, mobility trends during COVID-19 (as compared to the pre-COVID-19 baseline)
showed decreases in most locations, including retail and recreation (-14%), transit stations (-
34%), grocery stores and pharmacies (-5%), and workplaces (-31%); however, increase have
been observed in parks (+9%) and residential places. This indicates that although though
individuals spent more time at home, they still frequented parks and open areas more frequently
(such as national parks, public gardens, and dog parks) during the pandemic.

The lack of facilities and time constraints caused by quarantine, self-isolation and
lockdown are important factors hindering the development of sports and other activities. Along
with the lengthening of the pandemic lockdown cycle, non-physical exercises such as walking
became more likely to be engaged in, while heavy physical activities such as cycling, hiking and
jogging were substantially less likely to be engaged in Gupta et al. (2021). The COVID-19
pandemic and its related public health restrictions are having an increasingly serious impact on
mental health, and measures need to be taken to curb this trend. The positive relationship
between physical exercise and mental health has been well-established, but during the COVID-
19 pandemic, with various restrictions, the space and facilities for physical exercise are limited.
This article explores the relationship between physical exercise and mental health during the
COVID-19 pandemic based on the latest research findings published in 2019–2021.
 NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES
Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

Research Paradigm

The independent variable of this study is the impact of physical education classes on
health and quality of life during the Covid-19.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

The Impact of
Profile of the Physical
Respondents in Education
terms of: classes on
Health and
Age,
Quality of Life
Sex, during the
Civil Status, Covid-19:
Educational Health
Attainment Social Mobility
Mental Health
Figure 1

The research paradigm illustrates the independent and dependent variables of the study.
 NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES
Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

Significance of the Study

The researcher strongly believes that the result of this study is a great importance and it
will benefit several groups of people. This study will be a great help to the physical education,
and future researchers.

Teachers. On this study teacher will be able to know the weaknesses and strength of the
students. Teachers may also test the critical thinking or the students.
Parents. The number one responsible to their child especially in education. They provide
the basic knowledge and the discipline. There are the guide and the first teacher of their children.
Learners. Will motivates to search about the title that they have and to practice their
critical thinking, long-term retention, transfer potential, positive attitudes toward science
appreciation for nature and increased scientific curiosity
Local Government Unit (LGU). It will be determining and to measures depending on
the extent of the pandemic in their barangay, the purpose is to keep the number of the infection
and mortality while minimizing the economic impact of the pandemic.
Future Researchers. The findings of this study will serve as the basis for their literature
and foundation of their study. The insights of the respondents as well as the results of this study
will build up theirs, as related to what they have seen in the information given by this study. This
will also give suggestions to the future researchers on how they could provide different
information to support their study.

Definition of Terms
To enhance better understanding of the study, the following terms will be
operationally defined:

Age. The COVID-19 pandemic may have different effects on exercise behaviors by
different age groups. It was found that the exercise behavior of young people between 18 and 29
years old became more passive.
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Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

In order to overcome the impact of COVID-19 on mental health, exercise intensity should
be tailored for different ages.

Gender. There is a gender difference in exercise behaviors during the COVID-19

pandemic. It was found that women’s exercise behaviors became more active during the
COVID-19 pandemic.

In general, there is a general reduction in exercise behavior caused, the reduction was
greater for the male than female group.

Health. A state of complete physical, mental and social. Well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.

In this study, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

General Community Quarantine (GCQ) - refers to the implementation of temporary

measures limiting movement and transportation. (Wikipedia.com)

Operationally, it is a regulation of operating industries, and presence of uniformed

personnel to enforce community quarantine protocols.

COVID-19. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) is an infectious disease caused by the

SARS-CoV-2 virus. Effect on the Physical Education Course between Physical Fitness, Quality
of Life, Attitude, and Well-Being in College Students. Most people infected with the virus will
experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.
However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. (WHO, 2020)

In this study, covid-19 refers to the disease that speeded all over the world which causes
the sufferings of millions of people.
 NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES
Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter include the review of related literature about the impact of physical
education classes on health and quality of life during the covid-19.

According to Xiaohong Wan (2021), Physical activities, personal contact with

colleagues, friends and family have been limited due to public health measures to curb the spread
of COVID-19, such as quarantine, lockdown, self-isolation, and maintaining social distance.
People experienced a general decline in well-being, deterioration in mental health, and an
increase in psychological distress such as stress, anxiety, depression, and feelings of isolation
This negative impact may, in turn, affect compliance with public health measures. Hence, there
is a need to explore and identify alternative and complementary activities that promote mental
health and well-being during COVID-19. It is well-established that physical activity or exercise
is essential to improve and/or maintain physical and mental health and improve the quality of
life. Various physiological and psychological mechanisms have been proposed to explain the
positive effects of physical activity. According to Jingjing Yang (2021) The COVID-19
pandemic has heightened people's attention to the positive effects of exercise on physical health.
During the pandemic, the news media disseminates a great deal about the therapeutic effects of
physical activities on physical health and people with mild coronavirus infection. Regular and
long-term physical exercise enhances the body's immune surveillance capabilities, acts as an
anti-inflammatory agent, reduces the risk of developing numerous chronic diseases, and
improves the general level of physical health and disease prevention and resistance. Initial
evidence has shown that individuals can maintain and promote mental health through exercise
during the pandemic. However, measures restricting the spread of COVID-19 have led to a
decline in physical activity for most children and adolescents, especially among boys and older
children and adolescents. On the other hand, the pandemic has triggered people to engage more
in various activities to enhance mental health, but the number of people participating in physical
exercise decreased, and the number of people participating in other activities increased.
 NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES
Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discussed the design and procedures undertaken during the conduct of the
study. It presents the research method, respondents of the study, instrument used, test on validity
and reliability, data gathering procedures and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design
The descriptive design of this research was used in this study. Descriptive research is
those investigations which describes and interpret what it is concerned with conditions or
relationships that exist, practices that prevail, beliefs and processes that are going on, effects that
are being felt or trends that are developing.
In this study, the descriptive research method was used to determine the impact of
physical education classes on health and quality of life during the COVID-19 of Northwestern
Visayan Colleges (NVC). The researcher considers this method is advantageous for the
researcher due to its opportunity to integrate the qualitative and quantitative methods of data
collection. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of physical education classes on
health and quality of life during the covid-19 of NVC; the descriptive method is appropriate in
this research because it’s effective to analyze non-quantified topics and issues.

Locale of the study

The study will be conducted at the Northwestern Visayan Colleges Northwestern Visayan
Colleges is a tertiary school in Kalibo, Aklan. It was founded in 1948. NVC is a private college
that provides access to quality education.
Findings from our study suggested that physical activity was positively associated with
good mental health; and participation in physical activity affected the well-being and quality of
life in college students of Northwestern Visayan Colleges (NVC). In this regard, highlighting the
role of participation in physical activity as well as its relationship to the well-being and quality of
life of students is an important finding emerging from this study. In summary, the study
highlights the fact that the influence of positive participation in physical activity behavior on a
 NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES
Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

college student’s well-being and quality of life was significant toward promoting strong mental
health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Respondent of the Study

The respondent of the study was the students of Northwestern Visayan Colleges (NVC)
from different departments. The survey interview method was used to determine the participants
of the study. This study will be conducted in the academic year 2022-2023.

Instrument of the Study

The study will utilize the questionnaire formulated by the researcher with the guidance of
the teacher. The questions formulated by the researcher will be based on the review of related
literature and statement of the problem. After formulating the questionnaire, it will be pre-tested
to increase its reliability and validity. When the result is consistent, it is then ready for
multiplication and for distribution.

Data Gathering Procedure

During stage one, data were initially screened for outliers and distribution assumptions
were examined. Internal consistency estimates were calculated for all student survey variables.
During stage two, descriptive statistics were computed for all student survey variables across
demographics of age and gender for both groups. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and
correlation were conducted to determine any differences across groups on student participation in
sports, quality of life, and well-being during COVID-19 in PE. A series of one-way ANOVAs
was adopted to examine each outcome across groups and time phases. Post-hoc Scheffe and LSD
analyses were used according to ANOVAs respectively to discover contributing factors to
significant F values. Moreover, a series of linear regressions was adopted to examine each
outcome variable prediction path. All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences. The significance level was set at 95% for all analyses.
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Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

The researcher can now start administering the questionnaire to the respondents. The
questionnaire checklist has a cover letter explaining the nature and scope of the study. The
questionnaire will be personally distributed and collected by the researcher.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The proposed study aims to determine the impact of physical education classes on
health and quality of life during the COVID-19. The study was conducted at Northwestern
Visayan Colleges. The respondents of the study are the students of Northwestern Visayan
Colleges.
The study will focus on the impact of physical education classes on health and
quality of life during the COVID-19 in Northwestern Visayan Colleges.

REFERENCES

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2020, 22, 39–44.
2. Booth, M. Assessment of physical activity: An international perspective. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport
2020, 71, 114–120.
3. Taylor, I.M.; Lonsdale, C. Cultural differences in the relationships among autonomy support,
psychological need satisfaction,
subjective vitality, and effort in British and Chinese physical education. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol.
2010, 32, 655–673.
4. Ryan, R.M.; Deci, E.L. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,
social development, and well-being.
Am. Psychol. 2020, 55, 68–78.
5. Ntoumanis, N.; Stand age, M. Motivation in physical education classes: A self-determination
theory perspective. School Field 2009,6.
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Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

6. Stand age, M.; Gillis on, F.B.; Predicting students’ physical activity and health-related well-
being: A prospective cross-domain investigation of motivation across school physical education
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B. Journals and Magazines
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activity on psychological health during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Helicon 2020, 6, e04315.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER Page

1 INTRODCUTION 1

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 2

Conceptual Framework 3

Theoretical Framework 3

Research Paradigm 4

Significance of Study 5

Definition of Terms 6

CHAPTER

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 8

CHAPTER

3 METHODOLOGY 11

Research Design

Locale of the study 11

Respondent of the Study 12

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Kalibo, Aklan
College of Education

Instrument of the Study 12

Data Gathering Procedure 12

Scope and Limitations of the Study 13