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ISBN 978-1-947801-17-2
CONTENTS
AM Solutions ....................................................................................... 69
PM Solutions—Buildings..................................................................... 95
PM Solutions—Bridges ..................................................................... 119
iii
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About NCEES
The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) is a nonprofit organization
made up of engineering and surveying licensing boards from all U.S. states and territories. Since its
founding in 1920, NCEES has been committed to advancing licensure for engineers and surveyors in
order to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the American public.
NCEES helps its member licensing boards carry out their duties to regulate the professions of
engineering and surveying. It develops best-practice models for state licensure laws and regulations and
promotes uniformity among the states. It develops and administers the exams used for engineering and
surveying licensure throughout the country. It also provides services to help licensed engineers and
surveyors practice their professions in other U.S. states and territories.
Exam-day schedule
Be sure to arrive at the exam site on time. Late-arriving examinees will not be allowed into the exam
room once the proctor has begun to read the exam script. The report time for the exam will be printed on
your Exam Authorization. Normally, you will be given 1 hour between morning and afternoon sessions.
Examinee Guide
The NCEES Examinee Guide is the official guide to policies and procedures for all NCEES exams. All
examinees are required to read this document before starting the exam registration process. You can
download it at ncees.org/exams. It is your responsibility to make sure that you have the current version.
NCEES exams are administered in either a computer-based format or a pencil-and-paper format. Each
method of administration has specific rules. This guide describes the rules for each exam format. Refer
to the appropriate section for your exam.
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1
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Each component of the structural exam has a breadth (morning) module and a depth (afternoon) module.
• Breadth modules (AM session): These modules contain questions covering a comprehensive range
of structural engineering topics. All questions are multiple-choice.
• Depth modules (PM session): In these modules examinees must choose either buildings or bridges
problems. Examinees must work the same topic area on both components. That is, if buildings is the
topic area chosen in the Vertical Forces component, then buildings must be the topic area chosen in
the Lateral Forces component. All questions are constructed response (essay).
Examinees must take the breadth module of each component and one of the two depth modules in each
component. To pass the structural exam, you must receive acceptable results on both components. The
components may be taken and passed in different exam administrations.
NCEES will send a results notice to your licensing board for each administration that you take a
component. The notice will show the history of your performance on each component attempted. The
results for each component will be listed as acceptable or unacceptable. After you have received an
acceptable result on both components within a 5-year period, NCEES will notify your board that you
have passed the Structural exam.
2
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11
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Design Codes:
IBC: International Building Code, 2018 edition.
ACI 318: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014 edition.
When a concrete slab is placed on a hot, windy day, it is not permissible to:
(A) keep mix water cool and aggregate moist by shading and sprinkling
(B) add field water as needed to obtain the desired consistency and workability
(C) spray the concrete surfaces or protect them with wet burlap to retard hardening
(D) moisten the forms and the reinforcing before placing the concrete to minimize evaporation
115. The figures show an elevation view and a plan view of a bearing for a highway bridge girder.
Design Code:
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th edition.
Design Data:
Abutment fc′ = 4 ksi at 28 days
Strength limit state reaction for the end of the girder 415 kips
Assumptions:
Uniform distribution of bearing pressure
A2 = A1
(A) 8
(B) 13
(C) 16
(D) 22
BEARING STIFFENER
BEARING
PLATE 6 1/2"
WIDTH
ABUTMENT
VERTICAL FORCES—BRIDGES
PM PRACTICE EXAM
61
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701. Figure 701 shows the elevation and cross sections of an interior prestressed concrete girder for a
120-ft-long, simple span highway bridge. The girders spaced on 5'-6" centers are composite with a
7 1/2-in. concrete deck slab. Each girder is prestressed with 34 strands, 8 of which are draped as
shown. All strands are 1/2-in. nominal-diameter low-relaxation strands and prestressed to
allowable limits. Live load moments and shears are shown in Table 701.
Design Code:
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th edition.
Design Data:
Concrete slab, fc′ 4 ksi
Concrete prestressed girders, fc′ 6 ksi
Density of concrete 0.150 kcf
Ductility factor 1.0
Redundancy factor 1.0
Importance factor 1.0
Low-relaxation 1/2-in.-diameter strands, fpu 270 ksi
Area of 1/2-in.-diameter strands, A s 0.153 in2 per strand
Reinforcement bars, fy 60 ksi
Dead load of the girder and slab, DC 1.30 kips/ft per girder
Superimposed dead load, DW 0.26 kip/ft per girder
Assumptions:
Total strand prestress loss is 40.5 ksi.
For simplicity, the support centerlines are to be considered at the end faces of the girder.
All strands are fully bonded.
There is no nonprestressed tension or compression reinforcing.
Section is in tension-controlled region.
Strands are jacked to 75% of fpu.
701. (Continued)
TABLE 701
Maximum Live Load Moment per Girder
(Dynamic Allowance Included) at 10th Points from a Support
Location from support (ft) 0.0 0.1L 0.2L 0.3L 0.4L 0.5L
Maximum live load moment (ft-kips) 0 681 1,201 1,560 1,772 1,830
REQUIREMENTS:
On the actual exam, any sketches necessary for these requirements must be neatly drawn in your
solution pamphlet.
(a) Verify the flexural adequacy for Strength I Limit State of the composite girder at midspan,
including checking for minimum reinforcing. Assume rectangular section behavior.
(b) Determine anchorage zone vertical web reinforcing for the girder, using #5 bars, and
show them on a sketch.
CL 2 STRANDS
2 STRANDS
TOTAL - 34 STRANDS
DRAPED - 8 STRANDS
6 STRANDS 12 STRANDS
48'-0" 24'-0" 48'-0"
120'-0"
GIRDER ELEVATION
NOT TO SCALE
8 STRANDS DRAPED
66" (SHOWN @ ENDS
(C. TO C. OF GIRDERS) OF GIRDER)
7 1/2" SLAB
42" 3"
3 SPACES
AT 2" = 6"
N.A.
30.88"
N.A.
63"
44.64" 8 STRANDS
#5 BARS 6"
DRAPED
32.12"
4 SPACES
AT 2" = 8"
(SHOWN @ MIDDLE
26" 2 1/2" OF GIRDER)
COMPOSITE SECTION GIRDER SECTION
NOT TO SCALE NOT TO SCALE
FIGURE 701
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69
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113. Due to symmetry, the loads at each column will be equal. The center of stiffness is located at the
center of the second span, 60 ft from the column.
Δcolumn = εsh L + αT L AASHTO 3.12.2.3-1
2 2
AASHTO 5.4.2.3
60'-0"
CENTER OF STIFFNESS
20'-0"
120'-0"
114. When concrete is placed on a hot, windy day, it is not permissible to add field water as needed to
obtain the desired consistency and workability.
117. Report the condition to the contractor. Taking care of unsafe conditions is the contractor's
responsibility.
VERTICAL FORCES—BRIDGES
PM SOLUTIONS
119
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701. (a) Determine flexural strength for Strength I Limit State at midspan. Check minimum steel.
Aps = (34 strands) (0.153 in2/strand) = 5.20 in2
c
f ps = f pu 1 − k Eq. 5.6.3.1.1-1
dp
f py
k = 2 1.04 − Eq. 5.6.3.1.1-2
f pu
f pu = 270 ksi
β1 = 0.85; α1 = 0.85 Art. 5.6.2.2
f py = 0.9 f pu Table C5.6.3.1.1-1
Determine dp:
12 × 2.5 + 12 × 4.5 + 6 × 6.5 + 2 × 8.5 + 2 × 10.5
x @ CL = = 4.74 in.
34
d p @ CL = 70.5 − 4.74 = 65.76 in.
k = 2 (1.04 − 0.90 ) = 0.28
Assume rectangular section behavior. Eq. 5.6.3.1.1-4
Given As = 0; As′ = 0
270 ksi
c (
= 5.20 in 2 (270 ksi) / (0.85) ( 4 ksi )( 0.85 )( 66 ) + 0.28 5.20 in 2 )
65.76
= 7.14 in. < 7.50 in. OK, neutral axis is in deck slab
c 7.14
f ps = f pu 1 − k = 270 1 − (0.28) = 261.8 ksi Eq. 5.6.3.1.1-1
d 65.76
p
a = 0.85 (7.14) = 6.07 in. Art. 5.6.2.2
a
M n = A ps f ps d p − Art. 5.6.3.2.3
2
6.07 1
M n = 5.20 in 2 (261.8 ksi) 65.76 − = 7,116 ft-kips Eq. 5.6.3.2.2-1
2 12
φ = 1.0 Assume tension-controlled p/s concrete Art. 5.5.4.2
0.003 0.003 ε
= s C5.6.2.1-1
c c d−c
0.003(d − c)
d = εs
c
0.003(65.76 in. − 7.14 in.)
= 0.025 > 0.005
7.14 in.
εs
Tension-controlled, φ = 1.0
701. (Continued)
DC moment:
(1.3 kips / ft )
(120 2 )
= 2, 340 ft-kips
8
DW moment:
(120)2 = 468 ft-kips
(0.26 kip/ft)
8
LL+ IM = 1,830 ft-kips
Strength I Tables 3.4.1-1
Mu = 1.25 DC + 1.50 DW + 1.75 (LL+IM) 3.4.1-2
= 1.25 (2,340 ft-kips) + 1.50 (468 ft-kips) + 1.75 (1,830 ft-kips)
= 6,830 ft-kips < (1.0) (7,116 ft-kips) OK
701. (Continued)
(b) Determine and sketch anchorage zone vertical reinforcing for the girder using #5 bars.
139
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107. The figure shows a section through a concrete highway bridge that has two equal spans.
Design Code:
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th edition.
Design Data:
Each span length 70 ft
Base wind velocity 100 mph
Assumptions:
The superstructure is rigidly connected to the pier cap.
The bridge is not skewed.
Neglect wind on live load and substructure.
Bridge has multiple spans.
Category C
I-girder bridge
All bridge parts less than 33 ft above low ground or water level.
The axial unfactored load (kips) applied at the top of an exterior pile due to transverse wind on the
superstructure is most nearly:
(A) 14.7
(B) 5.9
(C) 4.9
(D) 2.5
LATERAL FORCES—BUILDINGS
PM PRACTICE EXAM
183
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802. A two-story steel office building is shown in Figure 802A. The building has special concentrically
braced frames on Column Lines A, E, 2, and 4 as shown in Figure 802B.
Design Codes:
IBC: International Building Code, 2018 edition.
ASCE 7: Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other
Structures, 2016 edition.
AISC: Steel Construction Manual, 15th edition.
AISC: Seismic Design Manual, 3rd edition.
Design Data:
Steel (columns and beams): ASTM A992, Grade 50.
Steel braces: ASTM A500 Grade C
Seismic Design Category D
Assumptions:
Steel system is designed and detailed in accordance with AISC Seismic Design Manual.
All braced frames have the same rigidity.
ρ = 1.0
Use workpoint-to-workpoint dimensions for member design.
No torsional irregularities exist for the building.
REQUIREMENTS:
On the actual exam, any sketches necessary for these requirements must be neatly drawn in your
solution pamphlet.
(a) If the floor diaphragm shown in Figure 802A is a rigid diaphragm, determine the force in
the braced frame on Grid 2 due to a 150-kip seismic story force acting in the E-W
direction.
(b) In Figure 802B, if the seismic forces are VR = 40 kips and VF = 40 kips, design Brace X
using the lightest round HSS 8.625 section and ignoring the brace's own weight. The
braces do not carry gravity loads.
(c) Without any calculations, neatly sketch an all-welded connection between Brace X and
Column B-2 (W14), including the connection to the base plate and the anchorage to the
foundation.
802. (Continued)
203
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7.083 ft
M wind on SS = 16.5 3 ft + = 107.9 ft-kips
2
M
Rpile
107.9
∴ R pile = = 4.9 kips
2 (11)
w
T = 2π g = 32.2 kips/ft 2
gK
12EI
K = 2 cols = 2 3
H
12 × 16 × 106
K (2 cols) = 2 3 = 41, 464 kips/ft
(21)
w = 10 × 214 = 2,140 kips
2,140
T = 2π = 0.25 sec
32.2 × 41, 464
LATERAL FORCES—BUILDINGS
PM SOLUTIONS
227
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40 kips
BRACE X
HEIGHT = 20 ft
30' WIDTH = 20 ft
LENGTH = 28.3 ft
40 kips
TOTAL SHEAR
IN FRAME = 80 kips
20' SHEAR PER BRACE = 40 kips
BRACE X
20' 20'
28.3
QE = brace force = 40 × = 56.6 kips (tension or compression)
20
Design and detail of brace to meet requirements of AISC Seismic Design Manual (SDM).
802. (Continued)
KL
Slenderness limit ≤ 200 AISC SDM Sec. F2.5b
r
Use K = 1.0
KL 1.0 ( 28.3 )(12 )
r≥ ≥ ≥ 1.70
200 200
Limiting width to thickness ratio for brace ( highly ductile member )
E
D/t ≤ 0.053
R y Fy
AISC SDM Sec. F2.5a and Table D1.1
Round HSS A500, Grade C Fy = 46 ksi
R y = 1.3 AISC SDM Table A3.1
0.053 ×
( 29 × 10 ) = 25.7
3
(1.3 )( 46 )
AISC SDM Table 1-6 lists round HSS sections that satisfy seismic width to thickness
requirements
• Required strength
1. Compression 1.2 D + 1.0 E + 0.5 L IBC Eq. 16-5
where ASCE 7 Sec. 2.3.6 and Sec. 12.4.2
E = ρ QE + 0.2 SDSD
Problem statement says that braces do not carry any gravity loads.
Therefore D = L = 0 and vertical seismic term 0.2 SDSD = 0
802. (Continued)
2. Tension 0.9 D + 1.0 E IBC Eq. 16-7
Tu = ρ QE = 56.6 kips ASCE 7 Sec. 2.3.6 and Sec. 12.4.2
Note: If unreinforced slotted gusset connection is used, the required tensile strength
shall be greater than the lesser of:
Tu = Ry Fy Ag < φ Rt Fu Ae
or
Maximum load effect, indicated by analysis that can be transferred to the brace to the
system.
∴ Provide reinforcing plates where the section is reduced at the slot for the gusset
plate.
∴ Provide HSS 8.625 × 0.375 brace.