Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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History of our planet
Future tense 3
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Vocabulary related
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History
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for paragraphs 1
Values
Humans look at the sky and wonder how it was a couple of thousands of years. We have shared
created and what is out there. Somewhere in the land and water with animals and plants that were
universe there is a small blue planet; we live there. here long before the first humans appeared.
It is a wonderful place, full of life and beauty.
However, our intelligence has helped us create
Humans are always trying to discover what and develop wonderful tools and technology
happened before their existence. Scientists try that have taken us to where we are now.
to find clues about the Earth’s past and some Sometimes it seems people forget that some
wonderful past inhabitants, and some answers of our resources are limited, and that we should
that can tell us about the future too. Humans take care of our beautiful home which gives
know that they have lived on the planet just us food, water, and shelter.
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What do we know about our planet’s past? How can we protect it for future generations?
1
Lesson A
What do you know about the origin of the universe and our planet?
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believe in creation out
of body parts of gods, like What is the universe? It consists of everything we call matter, stars, galaxies and others,
but surprisingly only 10% of it is matter and 90% is dark space.
the Egyptians and Nordic
cultures. There is also the
idea of creation through The most accepted theory that explains the origin of the universe
alternate universes, as some states that it all started 14 billion years ago. Back then, there was a tiny
North American people particle, like an atom, which was very hot and dense. This particle
believed. And other cultures exploded causing the universe to form; matter started to expand and
believe in mythical animals created millions of galaxies. The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way.
that came from water Our planet is approximately 4.5 billion (4,567,000,000) years old.
and created everything, Its origin is still a mystery today, but some theories exist. The “Core
believed by the Japanese Accron Theory” states that at the beginning, our solar system was
and Cherokee. rotating dust and gases. Then, the primitive sun’s gravity attracted these
materials and they all started spinning around it. Some clouds formed
and became solids. Our planet was formed by a solid metal core, a liquid
mantle and a thin but hard crust.
Source: https://bit.ly/2Z12wcg | https://bit.ly/2wziNJo | https://bit.ly/2WgauS0
Culture
Many cultures have different views about the creation of the
universe and the Earth. For instance, China has a legend about
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matter. the thing that Talk to your classmates about the different views about the origin
forms physical objects of the universe.
and occupies space
• What does your community say about the origin of the universe?
dust. fine powder made from
a particular substance
repeatedly
• How did our planet form?
mantle. the middle layer of the
Earth that is between the top
crust and the inner core
2
Oral Communication
Social Studies
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Tip
Plants
Vocabulary
a. were the first land beings c. were like mosses
b. had flowers d. appeared 470 million years ago inhabit. to live in a place
3
Reading
Science
Interesting Facts
What do you know about the beginning of our planet?
Oxygen was not always Discuss your ideas in small groups or as a class.
present on our planet as
it is now. In the beginning,
toxic gases were all around Everything began. Pre- Cambrian: It started about 4.6 billion years
and some primitive bacteria ago. The Earth was formed in the beginning of this era. The air was
lived and developed in very toxic. The first one-celled living beings appeared, and then multi-
that environment. Ancient celled and more complex beings. They lived in water.
cyanobacteria appeared
and released oxygen into Paleozoic: It was a time of great changes in the planet and it is subdivided
the environment for in six periods:
so long and formed the • Cambrian: First shellfish, primitive fish, corals, algae and mollusks
atmosphere. This caused were dominant in the oceans.
other primitive bacteria
to die. It was the beginning • Ordovician: First land plants and initial fish appeared.
of photosynthesis. • Silurian: First insects emerged and more plants were on land.
Source: https://bit.ly/2XmoMN9
https://bit.ly/2wtHqaj
• Devonian: The first sharks appeared, as well as bony fish.
Amphibians and spiders and the first terrestrial forests started
colonizing land.
Vocabulary
• Carboniferous: The first reptiles and insects with wings appeared
release. to allow on land.
(a substance) to enter
the air, water, soil, etc. • Permian: Diverse animal and plant life appeared, reptiles
diversified. Then there was a mass extinction.
bony. Resembling bone.
Hard substance. Full of bones
Answer True (T) or False (F) according to the information in the reading.
If the sentence is false, correct it to make it true.
What did you learn about the
• The environment in the Pre-Cambrian Era had oxygen
origins of life on our planet?
at the beginning.
4
Writing
1. Complete the following passage using the verbs from the boxes in the
past tense. There will be one extra verb.
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of ice. In the Pre-Cambrian era, thousands of meteorites Water in Young Earth
the surface of Earth, causing great destruction. The water stayed
• Which theory do you think is true about the origin of water Simple past
on our planet?
Animals appeared
millions of years ago.
Animals didn’t appear
some years ago.
• Discuss this topic with your teacher and classmates. Did animals appear
Do you think water existed on other planets too? some years ago?
Write your conclusion. Use the past tense.
Past of TO BE
Was (I, he, she, it) /
were (you, we, they)
The Earth was a hot planet
• Find three or four words from the passage that you did not understand.
Write them here and find their meaning in a dictionary.
at the beginning.
The Earth wasn’t cold
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at the beginning.
Was the Earth hot
at the beginning?
5
Language Through the Arts
5 Finally 6
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Trilobites
Grammar Note
Remember that most
verbs in the simple past
end in -ed, but that many
verbs are irregular and
have different forms, like What did you learn about the origins of life on our planet?
eat-ate, sleep-slept, and
many more. To learn
these, it is best to see
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6
Oral Communication
Fossils
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Fre
Wikipedia Commons
Vocabulary
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shell. the hard outer covering
Insect fossil Dinosaur fossil of an animal, insect, etc., that
protects it
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Lesson B
Make a list of facts you know about dinosaurs as a class. Try to answer
questions like: When did they live? Where? What did they eat? How
big were they?
Vocabulary
hatch. to cause (a young bird, • How long did dinosaurs roam the Earth?
insect, fish, etc.) to come out
of an egg — usually used as
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(be) hatched • Write 2 facts that you find very interesting about dinosaurs.
roam. to go to different places
without having a particular
purpose or plan
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Oral Communication
Mesozoic Era
Vocabulary
Talk about the movies or programs you have seen about dinosaurs.
Did they say when dinosaurs lived? seeds. a small object
produced by a plant from
which a new plant can grow
Diplodocus
Listen to someone talk about the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods.
Take notes on what you hear. How much of this information did you
know before?
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Dinosaur species
9
Reading
Language Value: Rigorous Academic Approach
Mass Extinction
Interesting Fact Mass extinction is the disappearance of a large number of the
Periodically, every 50 Earth’s species. The most devastating extinction was at the end of the
to 100 million years or so, Permian period; an estimated 95% of marine species and 60% of insects
the Earth has experienced disappeared about 245 million years ago. Huge volcanic eruptions
mass extinctions. There continued for thousands of years and caused destruction and dust that
have been at least ten blocked the sun. It caused global cooling that froze the water’s surface.
extinction events in the past. The most famous mass extinction was in the end of the Cretaceous
Generally, scientists think period, when the dinosaurs and many other plants and animals
that the extinctions resulted disappeared and up to 75% of all marine life died. It occurred 65 million
from drastic environmental years ago. A theory says that a big asteroid with a diameter of 10km
changes that followed hit the planet and created a giant cloud of rocks, dust, and sulfur in the
events such as meteorites, air that blocked the sunlight. Catastrophic climate change did not let
comet impacts, or massive dinosaurs survive.
volcanic eruptions.
Source: https://bit.ly/2Z3oyLy
b. Permian extinction
c. Jurassic extinction
d. Cretaceous extinction
dinosaurs’ extinction?
d. cold weather
e. a meteorite
Find three words you do not know, look for their definition and write
3. When did dinosaurs it down. Choose one and use it to write a sentence.
go extinct? Answer
in a complete sentence. 1.
2.
3.
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Sentence:
10
Writing
Tip
Writing process
Do this in your notebook.
Brainstorming: Write ideas
and words on the topic.
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Organization: Organize the
information. Here it makes
sense to use chronological
order, the order in which
the events happened.
First draft: Write a first
version of your paragraph.
Self-check and peer review:
Check your paragraph’s
punctuation, capitalization,
and grammar. Make any
necessary changes. Let a
classmate read it. He or she
can comment on anything
that may need to be fixed.
Write a paragraph about the history of the planet or evolution. Check the Final product: Write the
writing process in the margin. paragraph in the space given
To express sequence you can use some words like: first, then, next, and with all changes and suggestions.
finally. Use the past tense. Write 60-70 words. Present it.
Graphic organizer
topic
detail
detail
detail
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conclusion
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11
Language Through the Arts
Materials
• Paints or crayons
of different colors
• Cardboard or paper
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• Any material you can
find around you diorama example
Choose any studied period and find its characteristics. Look for more
information about it.
• Draw and paint the back of the box to set the background.
• Why?
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pik
Free
12
Oral Communication
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Underline all the correct answers.
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it with species and determine if it is new or not.
Fossil of dinosaur in a museum
Is there a museum in your city or town? If so, have you visited it? If not,
as a class discuss the things you would put in a museum in your town
or city. Write down some of your ideas.
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José Valencia
13
Graded activities
Assessment
2. Louis is looking for a museum where he can learn about the origins of life
and animals that inhabited the planet in the past.
3. Santiago is looking for a museum where he can learn about art, history,
and famous people of the country.
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Assessment How did everything begin?
3 Write a story telling about a visit to a museum or historic site. Use the
past tense when necessary. Say when you went and who went with you.
Write 100 - 120 words.
I visited
4 Complete the following sentences with a few words that express the same
as the given.
My friends were in London a week ago.
My friends last week.
Students talk about their visit to many museums in New York.
Students in New York.
When I studied History I found it boring, but now I love it.
I got but now I love it.
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
that happened
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Project 1
Materials
• Water
• Toothpicks or sticks
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from plants
• Leaves if necessary
• Glue
Instructions
Useful vocabulary
I chose it because
Petrified, footprint, remains,
printed, amber, frozen,
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Let's Review
There are different world views about the history We have developed skills to understand texts
of our planet. We must respect every person’s with scientific information and search for
beliefs and ideas. specific topics.
Different cultures around the planet have different We have learned several vocabulary words about
theories about origins of the universe and world, science, history, and ecology.
and also about when and how humans first appeared.
We have read about many interesting facts
People from around the world take care of our planet.
of the planet in different ways.
Question: What was your favorite topic from
Question: What do you remember about the first half of the module? Why?
how different cultures care for our planet?
We have developed our creativity by: We talked about many topics and shared
our opinions.
• drawing a comic about the history of our planet.
We listened to dialogues, interviews, and passages.
• designing a diorama to show a specific time
of our history. We learned and used past tense patterns
to talk about the history of our planet.
Question: Question: How do you think art has
helped you with language? Question: What have you learned in your debates
with your classmates?
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17
Lesson C
ik
ep
sun, moon, or stars. He also body and he first created humans from F
re
created some giant beings his soul as the strongest of all. Lord Brahma
/ Leonard G.
He kept two humans with The Creators, Heart of Sky, and a Feathered
him and brought eternal Serpent created humans “who could talk and
dia
light, sun, moon, and the
pe
keep the days”, out of white and yellow corn.
iki
W
stars from Lake Titicaca.
Hun Ixim, Mayan god
He then created other living
things and human beings. c. Chinese:
Pangu kept earth and heaven separated.
/ Wang Qi
When he died, his body became parts
Vocabulary
of our planet, his eyes became the sun
dia
soul. the spiritual part of and moon, and a lot of insects turned
pe
iki
a person that is believed into human beings to inhabit earth.
W
to give life to the body and Pangu, The Creator
in many religions is believed
to live forever d. Sumerians:
feathered. covered The gods came to make earth a beautiful place
by feathers
/ Rama
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Oral Communication
Human Development
A Visit to the Natural History Museum
What made human beings
become what we are today?
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, , and chimpanzees.
did in fields.
Vocabulary
e. One group became and the other
resource. a supply
remained apes. of something that someone
has and can use when
f. The first humans developed a that
it is needed
allowed them to build , ,
field. an open area of land
and walking helped them without trees or buildings
upright. positioned to be
a. There is one single theory about the origin of humans. straight up. vertical
b. Humans, monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees are primates. figure out. to understand
or find (something, such
as a reason or a solution),
c. Evolution helps species survive.
by thinking
d. Humans come from ancient apes that lived near all resources. evolution. it is the process
in which animals change
e. Living in open fields made early humans walk on four feet. over time in order to adapt
and survive
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f. Walking upright helped humans become faster. genetics. the study of our
genes and how we develop
g. Early humans had body protection. as a species
19
Communication and Cultural Awareness
Vocabulary Read the following passage and consider our positive and negative effect
on our planet.
disease. an illness that affects
a person, animal, or plant: Humans have inhabited the planet for about 2 million years, and
a condition that prevents during this time many events have occurred. Human intelligence has
the body or mind from created several things; many of them have helped humanity face diseases
working normally and threats.
threat. something that can
Discoveries and inventions such as vaccines and antibiotics have
put you in danger
saved thousands of lives. The printing press has allowed us to share
vaccine. a substance that is more knowledge and transportation has helped us move around the
usually injected into a person world and trade with other countries. Technology has shortened
or animal to protect against
a particular disease distance in communication and informs us in seconds of events all
around the world.
trade. the activity or process
of buying, selling, However, not all inventions are positive. Other discoveries, like
or exchanging goods technology used for war and mass destruction, as well as nuclear,
or services chemical, or biological bombs are extremely dangerous and might lead
dump. to put (something) humans to extinction.
somewhere in a quick and
careless way Industry causes high levels of pollution and releases carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere, and lots of toxic chemicals are dumped into
commute. to travel regularly
rivers and seas. Global warming is a reality. Everyday activities such
to and from a place and
especially between where as producing our food, commuting, using plastic, large-scale fishing,
you live and where you work monoculture plantations, among others; are destroying our planet little
by little. We hear about hundreds of plant and animal species that are
endangered. used to describe
a type of animal or plant that
endangered or even extinct. We need to take responsibility for our
has become very rare and that actions that affect our planet.
could die out completely
Make a list of all positive and negative effects of humans found in the text.
Interesting Fact
1 Positive 2 Negative
Many countries are really
worried about the future
of our planet and try
to implement policies
and regulations to stop the
accelerated destruction of
nature. In order to do this,
states around the world have
signed agreements that help
stop destruction.
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20
Writing
Persuasive Writing
What is persuasive writing? What is its purpose? Tip
The purpose of a persuasive essay is to persuade readers to adopt Topic Sentence: States the idea
the writer’s point of view on an issue and/or agree with a suggested you want to support.
course of action. To accomplish this, you need to develop logical and Supporting details: Include some
reasonable arguments that support your opinions. facts and details that will make
You are going to write a persuasive paragraph of 60-70 words readers believe in your ideas.
about what you think the impact of humans has been on the planet. Conclusion: End your
First, decide if you think humans have had a more positive or negative paragraph with a strong idea
impact. Then, think of ideas to support your opinion, and finally related to the topic sentence.
a concluding sentence. Write your ideas in the graphic organizer below. Never include new ideas in
the concluding sentence.
Title
k
pi
ee
Fr
Conclusion
Vocabulary
accomplish. to succeed
in doing (something)
argument. statement
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or series of statements
for or against something
21
Language Through the Arts
Your work of art may take some time so it will be presented as a final project.
It is better to work in groups.
in your community.
surprise or wonder
throw away. to get rid • Tell the class what you chose and why. Explain your plans for
of something by treating the project.
it as garbage
22
Oral Communication
Wikipedia / GabboT
Leonardo Dicaprio’s speech in the United Nations
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
In 2014, the famous actor Leonardo DiCaprio gave a speech in front agreement. a situation in which
people share the same opinion
of the largest group of government, business, and civil society leaders
in history at the United Nations Climate Summit. treaty. an official agreement
that is made between two
His speech had 1.6 million views on the United Nations channel or more countries or groups
and appeared in over 45,000 news articles across the globe. He asked
concern. a feeling of worry
nations to consider the possibility of using alternative energy sources usually shared by many people
and reducing CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions.
subscribe. to belong
The UN Secretary-General named Leonardo as a United Nations to or support something
Messenger of Peace for Climate. (such as an organization)
reinforce. to encourage
or give support to (an idea,
behavior, feeling, etc.)
• What can you do to decrease the effects of gas emissions?
speech. a spoken expression
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23
Lesson D
Vocabulary
profiteering. the act of making
money by selling things at
very high prices at a time
when they are hard to get
Flickr / Greg Bishop
or assistance to someone
or something
ship/vessel. a large boat Sea Shepherd ship Baby sea turtles hatching from eggs
used for traveling long
distances by sea
debris. things (such as broken • What can you do at home to start helping nature?
pieces and old objects)
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24
Oral Communication
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Alternative energy sources
Interesting Facts
Listen to someone talk about plans to help the Earth recover and avoid Many countries in the
great destruction in the coming years. Underline the correct statement world have banned single
according to what you hear. use plastic bags, bottles,
1. What will happen to water in the future? containers, and forks,
There will be a lot.
knives, and spoons in order
to reduce plastic pollution.
There will be a little.
France was the first country
2. What will help reduce energy consumption? to ban plastic.
Growing your own food.
Using solar panels.
Vocabulary
3. What will happen to the ocean in the future?
shortage. a state in which
Plastic items will be more numerous than fish. there is not enough of
Large-scale fisheries will be all over the world. something that is needed
4. What are some positive effects of growing your own food? ban. prohibit something
It may reduce monocultures. village. a small town
It will save marine life. in the countryside
25
Reading
What If...?
Grammar Note Read the following. Observe the use of zero and first conditionals.
The zero and first Scientists all around the world have warned about the terrible
conditionals are used consequences for our survival if we do not start changing the way
in English to describe we use natural resources.
situations that do happen
or will happen in the future. a. If population growth continues this fast, there will not be enough
food for everybody in the future.
Zero Conditional:
b. If we have high CO2 concentration levels, the sun’s heat does not
Facts, scientific laws, habits, go back into space and stays on the planet.
instructions, and rules.
c. If the sun’s heat stays, it produces a greenhouse effect and
If the sun’s heat stays, global warming.
it produces a greenhouse
effect and global warming. d. If humans destroy ecosystems, many species lose their homes
forever. Now, two in five amphibian species are at risk of extinction.
First Conditional:
e. If farmers do not stop using toxic chemicals on crops, many
Probable result in the future pollinator insects will disappear. In some regions, one in ten insect
for actions in present. species are in danger of extinction.
If the temperature f. If we do not reduce plastic use, our oceans will have more plastic
in the world increases, items in them than animals.
ice from the poles will
melt and disappear. g. If the temperature of the planet increases, ice from the poles will
melt and disappear.
h. If the ice at the poles disappears, many cities on the coasts will
be flooded.
i. If we start doing something now, we will avoid a sad future.
Vocabulary
Reese, 2009; Watts, 2019.
growth. an increase in the
number, amount, or size
of something
From the list presented above, choose four possible consequences
go back. to return of actual human habits on the environment. Write a possible solution for
each of them.
crop. a plant or plant product
that is grown by farmers a.
because of heat
26
Writing
Vocabulary
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27
Language Through the Arts
Recycling
Interesting Fact Making clothes has a real negative impact on nature. “Fast Fashion”
It takes 2700 liters of water to is causing lots of pollution in the world. It is said that the clothing
make a t-shirt. That industry releases 8% of all greenhouse gases. What can we do? We can
is what one person drinks recycle. Let’s learn to make interesting things with our old clothes.
in two and a half years. Source: http://cort.as/-Mq0Y
Materials
• Old t-shirts
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Answer the question. Use your creativity!! Can you recycle other pieces
of clothing? How? What can you make?
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28
Oral Communication
Galapagos Islands
Pacific Ocean
Garbage Patch
It is a gigantic floating
island of plastic garbage
in the north of the Pacific
Ocean. It is located between
California and Hawaii.
It is approximately
1,600,000 km2 large
(Ecuador is 283,560 km2)
and is mostly composed
of big pieces of plastic.
Researchers say that some
of that garbage came from
the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Pixabay / Pen Ash
29
Graded activities
Assessment
1 Read the text about robots and answer the questions that follow.
Robots
Will we have robots at home? There it will drive itself. You will take a nap
already are many kinds of robots! Big or read while the car drives itself
factories use a variety of robots that to your destination.
help put pieces together and do things
that are dangerous for people. There are some companies in the
world that are going to build robot
Some countries have robots that pets, and many of them will be in
do things for people at home; for homes around the world. The Sony
example, there is a robot that can cut Company built a dog called Aibo
the grass while you relax with a glass that can sit and do lots of tricks.
of lemonade! Also, there are robotic Some people are going to buy one
vacuum cleaners. They clean the floor of those dogs so they have a good
by themselves. robotic friend at home. Aibo is also
a great guard dog. He can patrol the
Now, many cars have GPS (Global yard and take pictures of anything
Positioning Systems) in them. A car suspicious with a built-in camera.
with a GPS system can give you As you can see, we will probably have
directions on how to go somewhere, lots of robots around us in the future.
tell you where the closest gas station
is, and, some day in the future, https://bit.ly/2Q1vsyS
Write True (T) or False (F). If it is false, correct the statement to make it true.
e. Robot pet dogs could stop people from getting into your house.
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30
Assessment How did everything begin?
2 Complete the following sentences to say the same as the one given.
Use only a few words with the future tense.
a. My friends are planning to travel to Egypt next year.
My friends to Egypt next year.
b. Some people predict the use of flying cars in the future.
Some people say in the future.
c. It´s almost 3 pm! My train leaves in half an hour.
My train .
d. I have trouble with my Math homework.
My friend tonight.
3 Use each of the following words in an original sentence to show that you
understand what they mean.
a. Soul
b. Threat
c. Accomplish
d. Support
e. Due to
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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31
Project 2
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commonly thrown away in my community.
How long does it take to decompose in nature? Present your project to the class.
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32
English How much have
Pedagogical Module 2 we advanced?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Past perfect 5
Scientific inventions and
6 their impact on humanity
Present perfect 4
Sc
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History of
7
So
inventions
3
ci
Simple past
al
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St
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Analyzing short
Past and present
2 Technology 8 non-fiction pieces
La
perfect expressions
and Beyond
ng
ua
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Vocabulary about
technology and 1
inventions
Values
Importance
10 Healthcare 9 of immunization
Incredible Inventions
Have you ever imagined a world without we have created powerful devices that allow
cars or television? Imagine waiting for months us see the vast universe.
to hear from your loved ones. Imagine getting
sick and having no medicine. We are going Nowadays it is possible to video chat with
to travel through history and observe human’s anyone anywhere for free. We have access
infinite curiosity and inventions that have to infinite amounts of information and we can post
changed the world. Discover creations that our own thoughts and opinions. Technology
have shaped culture and lifestyle. Our brains has developed a lot during the last hundred years
have even taken our people to the moon and and will continue to develop in the future.
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1
Lesson A
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Concrete: About 2,100 years ago, Romans created
The Mayas used cacao a really hard material by mixing rocks with volcanic Concrete
beans to make a special ash. It was used to build the famous Coliseum
beverage with cornmeal and in Rome.
pepper. They had a writing
Wikimedia / Kowloonese
system called glyphs and Earthquake detector: The Chinese invented
most of these symbols are the first seismograph 2,000 years ago. It was made
still understood. The Incas of bronze and was very accurate in detecting
performed brain surgery, earth movements. Earthquake Detector
which was first used to
Paper: Around 3,000 BC, Egyptians made the
reduce inflammation. They
first paper from the fiber of the papyrus plant and
used coca as an anesthetic.
also invented a special pen to write on it. The quality
They also built rope bridges
was so good that Egyptian papyrus remains intact.
and huge highway systems.
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Telescope: The Assyrians could see the stars and
Egiptian Papyrus
the sky 3,000 years ago because they created a special
Vocabulary lens that could have been the first telescope.
beverage. a liquid you The number zero: This number is somewhat
Wikimedia / Geni
can drink, like coffee, soda,
or juice
new in human history. Both the Mayans and the
Babylonians had the idea of zero; not as a number,
cornmeal. flour made from but as a replacement for other numbers. The Egiptian Papyrus
crushed corn
Mayans used it to make their calendars. A Hindu
rope. a strong, thick string astronomer introduced the concept of zero as an
Wikimedia / Alvaro qc
that is made by twisting many independent number.
thin strings or fibers together
Source: https://n9.cl/456b
nowadays. at the
Mayans zero
present time
replacement. something
that takes the place
of something else
2
Oral Communication
Have you ever thought about the things we use daily? Where do they Interesting Facts
come from? Who invented them? When were they invented? Listen to the
following news reports and complete the activities. Gasoline
It is a transparent liquid
derived from petroleum
that powers cars. It was
discovered by accident.
It was thrown away at
first, but its potential was
recognized by the end
of the XIX century. Since
then it has been essential
Freepik
to our transportation.
The wheel Fire Steam engine train
Mark the incorrect statements with an X and write the correct ones
on the line below.
c. The first humans discovered fire but could not control it.
e. The steam engine was not useful and did not improve people’s lives.
Petrol pump
Vocabulary
• List 4 inventions that you consider important for everyday life. steam. the hot gas that is
created when water is boiled
• Compare your list with your classmates and talk about the importance or find (something, such
of each one. Do you agree? as a reason or a solution)
by thinking
3
Reading
Science
Interesting Facts
Wikimedia
to transmit the infection
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to the colony. This makes
all ants in the colony Edward Jenner inoculating babies Vaccine
4
Writing
Language
Read the following text about printing presses. Choose the correct verb Grammar Note
from the box and conjugate it in the present perfect or the past perfect,
depending on the context. Present perfect
Have / has +
become work be able have write buy study past participle of verb
Printed materials are part of our daily life; newspapers, magazines, and a. Actions started in the
books are just some examples. The printing press is a machine used for past and continuing
mass production of these printed elements. in the present
This machine one of the most significant inventions. b. Unfinished period
Before it appeared, monks books by hand so just a few of time
people to access information. Only very rich families were c. Unspecified period
lucky enough to have a book, which was usually the Bible. of time
The ancient Chinese used pieces of wood with symbols and drawings to
make books. Around the beginning of 1440, a German man called Gutenberg,
d. Experiences.
who in basic forms of printing, started experimenting with Gasoline has been
improving the process and finally discovered that using metal instead of essential to our
wood and blocks with many words could allow people to reproduce texts transportation.
in great quantity. The printing press is one of the inventions that Many diseases have not
great impact in the world. After books could be printed in mass quantities,
knowledge became available for most people and the first libraries were been eradicated yet.
Wikimedia / Londinos
5
Language Through the Arts
Interesting Facts
3. List the materials you need. Are they available around you?
6
Oral Communication
Social Studies
Useful Inventions
Wikimedia / Marbregal
Freepik
around 1050 B.C. weapons more powerful.
Alphabet Gunpowder
Communication Warfare
Freepik
Freepik
Compass Navigation Inventions Communication Telephone
Nails Radio
Vocabulary
7
Lesson B
Culture
Latin American civilizations
like the Mayas had vast
knowledge about the stars
and planets. They created
a special accessory to help
observe the sky and develop
the calendar. The Incas,
on the other hand, were
a horizon-based culture.
Freepik
Their temples pointed to
specific astronomical points. View of the Milky Way
This was very important
for Incan agriculture. Beyond Our World
From our planet, outer space starts about 100 km above the surface.
Farther away, there are only isolated particles of gas and dust in the
emptiness of the universe. Some regions have planets and galaxies.
Some scientists say that there is radiation all around space, but we
cannot see it. Now, we have some powerful devices that help us see
what is out there. Humans have been curious about outer space since
they noticed there was something beyond our Earth.
Pixabay / PublicDomainImages
The study of the stars was the foundation of past cultures and
civilizations. Since the sky was always changing, it caused fascination
and curiosity. People noticed patterns in the sun and moon, also in
the stars and planets. Astronomy shaped their beliefs and mindsets.
Mayan calendar The Babylonians were one of the first civilizations to register the
movements of the moon and sun. A brilliant Persian astronomer
Vocabulary invented a giant device that accurately calculated the Earth’s axis.
isolated. separate from others Source: https://n9.cl/180f
mindsets. a particular way • Investigate another culture’s relationship with the stars, planets, sun,
of thinking, a person’s attitude and moon. Write two interesting facts. Use your own words and
or set of opinions about
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complete sentences.
something
8
Oral Communication
Telescope
Do you know what we can use to see what is in outer space? Listen to the Interesting Facts
teacher’s lecture and complete the following activities.
Hubble Telescope
This telescope was named
in honor of Edward Hubble
who discovered thousands
of galaxies from an
observatory in California.
It is located 547 km from
the planet’s surface and can
travel the complete orbit
in 95 minutes. Since 1990,
Pixabay
Pixabay
Hubble has made more than
The Butterfly Nebula Hubble Space Telescope 1.3 million observations.
https://n9.cl/9id
Home Telescope
f. Isaac Newton invented a smaller, portable telescope.
9
Reading
Social Studies
Interesting Facts
Space Race
It began in 1955 with the
USA and USSR after World
War II. It was the Cold War,
Mineduc
which meant competition
in every area, including Laika, Russian cosmonaut dog, 1957
space. Soviets launched
the first artificial satellite,
Sputnik I in 1957, Sputnik What do you know about the first astronaut?
II with the first living thing
in space, and then Sputnik
III. Even though the US Laika
was trying to send a rocket
During the era of the Space Race between the USA and USSR, the
with a man to orbit the
Soviet Union launched the first living thing into space. It was a dog
planet quickly, the Soviets
named Laika. The objective of the trip was to prove that space travel
had already done it in 1961,
for humans was safe but technology hadn’t advanced enough to bring
sending Yuri Gagarin,
ships back yet. Laika was a street dog that became an astronaut because
the first man to enter
of her size and calmness. After some training, she was ready to go into
the Earth’s orbit.
space. Her ship called Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957.
https://n9.cl/a8bs Laika was supposed to orbit the planet some days and the first reports
from Russian space programs said so. However, in 1993, some Russian
space program scientists revealed that Laika died soon after leaving the
Vocabulary planet’s atmosphere because of stress and overheating. Many people
race. a contest or competition in the world were in great sorrow because of her death. Since then, her
in which different people story has spread around the world and has inspired many tales, songs,
or teams try to win something and poems. Some of them say that Laika became a star in the sky.
or to do something first
Source: https://bit.ly/3dnjY2H
launch. to send or shoot
(something, such as a rocket)
into the air or water or into
outer space Answer the following questions based on what you read.
overheating. to cause • Why has Laika’s story been so famous around the world?
(something) to become
too hot
• Why did the Soviet Union and the United States want to get
sorrow. a feeling of sadness to space first?
or grief caused especially
by the loss of someone
or something • How many ships had the Soviets sent to space before the first
man went?
tale. an exciting story that
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10
Writing
Summarizing
Tip
• Choose any of the topics we have studied during lessons A and B
and summarize it.
Writing Process
• Work on the writing process in your notebook and write the final
product here. Summarizing is analyzing
information and determining
Title
what is important to mention
First and what is not.
Main idea It reduces the original
text to a few sentences
Next or a short paragraph
Four important details in your own words.
1.
Then
Steps to summarize:
2.
1. Read the passage.
3.
Finally 2. Determine the most
4.
important idea
of the passage.
Summary
3. Highlight important
details.
4. Find keywords and
use them to write
the topic sentence.
It is also a good idea
to answer some questions
in order to complete
the idea:
“Who did what, where,
and when?”
“What is the main idea
of the text?”
Answer the following questions “What are the
supporting points?”
1. Why did you choose that topic? I chose that topic because...
https://n9.cl/t5mf
https://n9.cl/79wg
https://n9.cl/x8g
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2. What is summarizing?
11
Language Through the Arts
Language
Poems
People write poems to express their feelings about an experience, Vocabulary
to communicate to the reader, and to get an emotional response.
utter. to say something
Language used in poems is a bit different from the language we use or make a sound, usually
with difficulty
to talk about facts and scientific information.
no matter. short form
https://n9.cl/c8p5textiles/9382382
of “it doesn’t matter”,
it’s not important
perish. die
Analyze the phrases of the poem and discuss their meanings with
your class. In this poem, there may be a lot of words you don’t
recognize. Underline them. First, try to use context to help you
understand them. If the context doesn’t help, use a dictionary.
Write down their meaning in the margin.
Wikimedia
Laika
by: Adnana Zeljkovic
Laika
12
Oral Communication
The Moon
Vocabulary
concern. a feeling
of worry usually shared
by many people
step. a movement
made by lifting your
foot and putting it down
in a different place
Interesting Facts
Listen to a person talk about space travel. Complete the timeline with The Dark Side of the Moon
all the events and years until man stepped on the moon.
Have you ever looked at the
moon? Did you know there
is one side that we cannot
see? People call this the “dark
side of the moon” or the “far
side of the moon”. It is the
part that is not lit by the sun.
In 1959, a small spaceship
called Luna 3 brought pictures
of it to Earth. In 1968, the
astronauts of Apollo 8 were
the first humans to see it.
China is now investigating
this part of the moon.
source: https://n9.cl/emwz
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The Moon
13
Assessment
on the moon in 1969, were both and preparing the next generation
from Ohio, too. Jim Lovell, another of scientists and explorers.
14
Assessment How much have we advanced?
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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15
Project 1
Materials:
Wikimedia / NASA
• A paper napkin
• Tape
Tip
8. Watch it launch!
16
Let's Review
We have learned about inventions in ancient We have read information and academic texts.
cultures and their influence in later creations.
We can find specific information and recognize
What ancient invention do you think influenced when events happened. We can understand some
modern inventions the most? Why? words in context.
How are academic texts different from blogs
or social media posts?
We have learned how to summarize. We can order We have used our imagination to draw future
and structure sentences in present, past, present inventions. We learned how great inventors
perfect, and past perfect. drew their ideas before they became real.
We have learned that language changes
Can you write a sentence about inventions using in poetry and how it touches our heart
each one of the tenses above? by understanding someone else’s feelings.
Why do you think poems could be considered “art”?
We are learning to understand what others say in We learned how to make a rocket with similar
every day conversations as well as scientific facts. principles to real rockets.
We have learned to identify specific information
when people speak. Did you like your project? Did it work? What did
you enjoy the most about the project?
Talk to your classmates about why you think some
inventions are successful and others are not.
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17
Lesson C
Culture Language has shaped cultures around the world. Since spoken
messages do not stay the same when they are transmitted through many
Many ancient civilizations
people, written language was created so that messages arrived the way
such as Egypt, Assyria,
they were sent.
Persia, Rome, and China
had postal systems that were Written language also served as a means to transport messages
used to deliver messages in an easy way. As we know, Egyptians first created papyrus which
to part of their empires; was light, so messages could travel much faster. The Persian Empire
and Incas used special had a successful mail system which permitted them to take messages
roads to deliver packages as far as 3,200 km in only ten days.
and information. Ancient
written communications At the beginning, the speed of communication only depended
found by archeologists on the speed of people. Some animals were used to help speed
allowed us to know a lot up communication such as horses and then domesticated pigeons
about those times. in the 11th century.
Source: https://bit.ly/3drsEou | https://bit.ly/3agmF3U
Adapted from:https://bit.ly/2UXWKYq
Freepik
Vocabulary Freepik
18
Oral Communication
Interesting Facts
As a class, think of all of the forms of communication that exist. During World War II,
Which are the most effective? the United States Marines
used the Navajo language,
one of the most difficult
languages in the world,
Listen to facts about other means of communication. Circle the to codify communication
correct answers. among military units. It was
Mazateco whistle language very hard for the enemies
to understand messages.
1. What is true about the Mazateco whistle language?
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d. Blankets covered the fire to produce smoke.
Native American’s smoking signals
https://bit.ly/3bNNwoi
Vocabulary
among. in or through
• Can you think of a new and creative way to communicate? (a group of people or things)
19
Reading
Interesting Facts
The U.S. postal service Have you ever heard about letters and post cards?
delivers more that 44% What do you know about them?
of the world’s cards
and letters. The service
Evolution of the Postal Service and Courier
delivers about 212 billion
(212,000,000,000) pieces The postal service has made the exchange of letters possible
of mail each year. There for years. It has helped people communicate around the world.
are over 40,000 post
offices in the country and The history of postal service goes back to the invention of writing
its territories. The postal and the need for communication. Some evidence shows that an
service delivers the mail organized postal service existed in Egypt with papyrus from 255 B.C.
rain or shine, using different It seems that pharaohs had used some kind of courier system to send
methods of transport from a decree throughout the empire by 2400 B.C. Some ancient cultures
planes to mules. such as Persia, China, India, and Rome had created postal systems
before we thought.
https://bit.ly/3af4pIo
The letters we know are sent in an envelope, but at the beginning
there were no envelopes at all to protect the letters. Paper envelopes
were first invented in China, but before then Babylonians had already
invented something to protect messages: hollow, clay spheres.
Stamps have been an important part of the postal service; they were
created in 1837 by an English man named Rowland Hill. They established
the first systematic prices based on weight. Now we continue to use the
system, but the prices have definitely increased!
Vocabulary
Source: https://bit.ly/2xYtKYF
pharaoh. a ruler
of ancient Egypt
decree. an official order For each of the sentences below, decide which happened first and
given by a person with which happened second. Write “first” and “second”. Pay attention
power or by a government to the verb forms to help you.
throughout. in or to every 1. Ancient cultures had invented writing before the first postal service.
part of (something)
a. The postal system was invented.
hollow. having nothing
inside, not solid b. Ancient cultures invented writing.
clay. a heavy, sticky material 2. Before Egyptians had an organized postal system, pharaohs had
from the earth that is made used a kind of courier system.
into different shapes and
a. Pharaohs used a kind of courier.
that becomes hard when
it is baked or dried b. Egyptians had an organized postal service.
spheres. a round, 3D object 3. Persia, China, and Rome had created a postal system. We started
using a more modern postal system.
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20
Writing
Informational Paragraph
Grammar Note
Rewrite the following sentences to form one sentence using past Past perfect
perfect and simple past. Use words such as after or before.
The past perfect is used
1. Samuel F.B. Morse transmitted his first message in 1844. to talk about an action that
2. Long before transmission, people used signal systems such happened in the past before
as flags or lights.
another action that
• is normally expressed using
the simple past.
3. Morse created the system of dots and dashes (Morse Code) in 1835. Some inventors had created
4. Morse first demonstrated the use of telegraph to his friends in 1837. visual telegraphs before
Morse invented the
• electrical telegraph.
Some inventors
5. In 1849, Reuters started using a telegraphic press service. had not (hadn’t) created
6. In 1856, Western Union became the dominant telegraph company visual telegraphs before
in the United States. Morse invented the
• electrical telegraph.
Had some inventors created
visual telegraphs before
Morse invented the
electrical telegraph?
Step 1. Ask your parents, grandparents, or an older person how they
communicated before. Take notes on what they say.
Step 2. Write a paragraph (50-60 words) about how things were
different before compared to now. Be sure to use at least three
different verbs in the past perfect.
Vocabulary
21
Language Through the Arts
Morse Code
Vocabulary Samuel Morse invented the Morse Code. It is a code that has dashes
complex. not easy and dots. Letters commonly used such as “E” have a simple code, and
to understand or explain, those that were not frequently used, for example “Q”, have longer and
not simple more complex codes.
https://bit.ly/33Gqv3X | https://bit.ly/3boENJl
1
2
3. To my classmates:
3
4
5
6
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7
8
9
0
22
Oral Communication
Social Studies
Interesting Facts
The New York Telephone
Company had 6,000 female
telephone operators by 1910.
When Alexander Graham
Bell died in 1922, all
telephones stopped ringing
for one full minute
Freepik
as a tribute to the creator.
Telephone’s evolution. The first transatlantic
telephone cable was used
in 1956. The cable runs
across the Atlantic Ocean
Listen to the story about the invention of the telephone. Decide if each
from Canada to Scotland.
sentence is True (T) or False (F). If it is false, correct it to make it true.
1. Alexander Graham Bell did not invent the telephone. There are about 150 million
telephone lines in the world
and the number increases
2. The telephone had been invented before the telegraph. by thousands daily.
The phone continues
3. The telephone turns electricity into voice.
to evolve today. Now we
have much more advanced
features like caller ID,
4. The first phone call was from Graham Bell to the Queen. texting, mobile video, safe
caller ID, internet, and
many more features. Phones
5. Most operators were young boys. connect people, facilitate
business, and even save lives.
Vocabulary
features. an interesting
or important part, quality,
Ask your classmates how they communicate. Do they use a landline ability, etc.
phone? Talk to at least three classmates and write their answers here.
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23
Communcation and Cultural Awareness
Discuss in class.
24
Oral Communication
Social Studies
Tip
Freepik
Young girl watching TV
Listen again and circle or highlight all the correct
statements according to the story.
Invention of Television • The first televisions were mechanical.
Listen to the conversation between a teenager and • The first TV transmission was the image of the
an elder who talks about the invention of television. dollar sign.
For each year you see, write what happened.
• WRGB TV station has been operating
continuously since 1926.
• At the beginning, programs were commercial-free.
1926 • Remote controls were invented before color TVs.
• By the time color TVs were sold, all programs
were recorded in color, too.
• The first 3D flat screen appeared in 2005.
1938
Have you ever seen a very old TV? Does your family
1941 have a TV? Do you think TVs are common in most
homes in your country? Discuss these questions
in groups of three and take notes on what it is said.
1954
1955
1966
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2005
Freepik
25
Reading
Interesting Facts
Bardeen, Brattain, and Do you know what a transistor is? Have you ever heard about its use?
Shockley won the Nobel Discuss it as a class.
Prize for Chemistry in 1956
for inventing the transistor.
The Transistor: A New Era
A transistor is like a
The transistor is an underappreciated invention that changed
miniature on-off switch
the world forever. Believe it or not, it is the crucial component of an
that allows a computer
electronic device. Our televisions, radios, cell phones, and computers
to process information.
work with them. Televisions used to work with some tubes that were
A computer can’t operate slow and used a lot of energy before transistors were used.
without an integrated
Three people invented the transistor: William Shockley, John
circuit (chip), and a chip
Bardeen and Walter Brattain. Shockley started working in 1936
can’t operate without
on the transistor. Although he could successfully work out the
a transistor.
theory, he could not build a working model in eight years. Bardeen
The first Intel computer and Brattain helped him develop the model. Sometime later, Texas
chip had 2,300 transistors, Instruments of Dallas first started commercial production of some
while the latest one has transistors for portable radios in 1954. The Sony Company of Japan
820 million. soon acquired the right to produce transistors and dominated the
https://bit.ly/3aD10TQ
market. In the 1960’s, Sony began to manufacture television sets using
transistors instead of tubes. Afterwards, vacuum tube technology
became obsolete.
https://bit.ly/2X9SIyS
Vocabulary
underappreciated. not 3. William Shockley invented a working transistor.
appreciated or valued enough
26
Writing
Language
How has our society changed due to the inventions that we Tip
have studied?
A cause and effect paragraph
explains the consequences
You are going to write a cause and effect paragraph about the effects of an action, event, decision,
technology has had on society. These can be positive and negative effects.
etc. A cause and effect
First, brainstorm some ideas. In what aspects of society has technology paragraph can be organized
changed the way we do things? in different ways. It can be
Next, write some ideas in the graphic organizer below. Determine what the organized chronologically
cause is and what effect is the result. or based on the importance
of the events. It is useful
Then, put your paragraph together. Start with a topic sentence to introduce the
main idea. Then present your information from the graphic organizer. to complete the entire writing
process in order to write
Finally, finish with a concluding sentence that is similar to your topic sentence. a correct paragraph.
Your paragraph should be 50-60 words.
Cause Effect
Grammar Note
27
Language Through the Arts
Materials
• Paintings
Freepik
• Carboard of many different colors
Modern television
Instructions
• Cut the carboard box in the shape • Describe the television according to its
you want your television to have. characteristics. (flat screen, old television, etc.)
Vocabulary
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Cardboard televisions
28
Oral Communication
What do you think about the latest electronic devices? • Discuss the positive and
Are they useful? Do you like them? negative aspects of the use
of technology with the class.
Is it affecting you? How?
Dr. Lisa P. Wayne is going to tell some students about changes
due to technological advances and how they have affected our society
positively and negatively. Listen to the class and complete the activities.
29
Assessment
3 Write a short cause and effect paragraph (60-70 words) about changes
in society because of computers. Use your notebook for the writing process.
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30
Assessment How much¿Xxxxxxx?
have we advanced?
Social networking is a topic that divides opinion - some people think it’s an
amazing tool but others are worried about the impact it has on people’s lives.
Some people decided to find out the benefits - and potential risks - of using
social networks. Here are some of their conclusions as to the main benefits
and drawbacks of social media.
Not everyone may think about the negative effects of having social
networking accounts - but simple things like not setting your privacy properly
or liking someone’s photo can have bad results.
Social networking has a lot of good points. You can express yourself, post
your favorite songs or your latest picture with friends. It is a lot easier to do it
over the internet than in person. You can keep in touch with your friends and
relatives around the world.
Taken and adapted from: https://bbc.in/3aT2VUF
c. List the positive points that you consider the most important
about social networks.
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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31
Project 2
Research Project
This is a research project and through it you are going to practice and keep
Objectives learning. You are going to apply some basic statistics and share the results
with classmates.
• To find out how students
of BGU are using
social networks.
• To establish if their
“friends” or “followers”
are people students know
or are strangers.
• To guide students
in the correct and safe
use of social networks.
Notes
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Social networks
Step 1
Step 2
Using the objectives listed on the left side of the page, create 5-6 questions
to ask your classmates. You should mix yes/no questions and wh- questions
to get the most information. When your survey is ready, ask all of your
classmates, and if possible, students from 2nd and 3rd BGU, too.
Step 3
Present the results using percentages when you can. Did the results
surprise you?
Step 4
Step 5
32
English Why are myths and legends
Pedagogical Module 3 so important for humanity?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Sc
write a legend
ie
nc
e
Intercultural views
7 and monomyths
So
Past modals
ci
3
al
for speculation
h
St
lis
ud
ie
g
Myths and
What a
s
En
8 legends from
Adverbs of manner 2 Mystery! around the world
La
ng
ua
ge
Past continuous 1
Values
We have all grown up surrounded by myths, Nowadays, the media offers infinite amounts
legends, stories. They are part of our culture and of information for anyone. Even if it allows us to
our lives. We have our own beliefs and faith. gain knowledge, it is really important to identify
However, many cultures in the world may have reliable sources and do further research.
similar stories, myths, or beliefs, that is what
makes us humans.
Our way of thinking is shaped by our culture
but it may evolve and take some traits from
others due to globalization. We now know about
some famous stories from far away cultures and
Freepik
1
Lesson A
Vocabulary
Freepik
traditional among the people
in a particular group or place
Man reading about creation
shape. to influence the
development of something,
to help something become
what it is Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false write the correct statement.
2
Oral Communication
Vocabulary
A group of students is talking about different superstitions that their clover. a small, green plant
families and friends have. Listen to the conversation and complete that usually has three leaves
the activities. on each stem and that usually
has round flowers that are
white, red, or purple
Freepik
Superstitions
Interesting Facts
Lucky Charms
• Talk with your teacher and classmates about the most common
They are natural or artificial
superstitions in your family, friends, and community. Are they
the same? objects or symbols that are
supposed to bring you good
• Do you, your teacher, or your classmates have any special lucky luck or protect you against
charms? What do they represent?
bad situations. Four-leaf
clovers represent faith, hope,
love, and luck.
Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false, write the correct statement. https://bit.ly/3hqn6fw
1. If you put your bag or purse on the floor, you will get
a lot of money.
Freepik
Maneki neko
3
Reading
Language
Interesting Facts Japanese ghost stories show us the fine line between life and death.
Famous all around the Here is one of those famous stories.
world, Japanese stories about Okiku, by Yoshitoshi Taiso (1839-1892)
ghosts can sometimes be
really scary, but their origin Long ago, there was a young lady called Okiku who worked for
is pretty interesting. They a Samurai and his wealthy family. They owned ten valuable plates.
firmly believe that the dead It is said that once someone broke a plate and told the samurai that
can come either to help the she did it when she was washing it. She was really surprised and
living or to bother the ones scared. She counted the plates…one…two...three…four…five…six…
that hurt them. The spirits seven…eight…nine… She knew he would be punished by death…
of women are particularly so she counted the plates again and again. Her master was so upset that
prominent in these stories. he killed her and threw her corpse in a well.
https://bit.ly/3hhaWoW
Not long after, her ghost was seen wandering the castle gardens.
While people were sleeping, she rose from the well and counted
from one to nine, looking for the missing plate. Many of those who
Vocabulary
lived there got sick; so one day, the master of the castle asked a priest
if he could stop her suffering… He waited for her to come out from the
wealthy. having a lot of well, he saw her. She started counting from one to nine, and before
money and possessions: rich she could scream for only having nine plates, the priest shouted TEN!!!
Okiku’s ghost was relieved that someone found the missing dish and
own. to have (something)
as property: to legally could finally rest.
possess (something) http://yokai.com/okiku/
4
Writing
Narrative - Storytelling
Write a suspense story that people tell in your family or community. Grammar Note
A narrative tells a story. It can be fiction (not real) or nonfiction Past Continuous
(real). Narratives have specific components: or Past Progressive
Was/were + verb -ing
Characters
Plot This form describes
Main participants
Events that occur conditions in the past,
in the story
an action that was ongoing
Protagonist in the past, an action that
Exposition
(hero) was happening at an exact
moment in the past or
Rising action habitual action in the past.
Antagonist
(opposed) People in the castle were
Climax sleeping when Okiku came
out to look for the plate.
Falling action People in the castle were
not / weren’t sleeping when
Resolution Okiku came out to look for
the plate.
Okiku
5
Language Through the Arts
• You are going to write your own role play. Form groups of 3-4 students
and follow the steps below.
4. Write the script. Pay attention to what each character says, and
include their actions in parentheses. You should include at least
10 lines per character.
5. Costumes: Find something useful at home that can help you represent Vocabulary
the characters; try to use your own clothes. Use your imagination!
script. the written form
6. It may take some time to prepare the play; plan in advance and
of a play, movie, television
practice before presenting.
show, etc
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7. When starting your presentation, write the name of the story on the
costumes. the clothes that are
board or on a piece of cardboard so that everyone knows it.
worn by someone (such as an
• You can prepare a few questions that you can ask your classmates at the actor) who is trying to look
end of each presentation. like a different person or thing
6
Oral Communication
Language
Many of the stories and fables we have always known come from We can find a similar story
different parts of the world and have been adapted to different cultures. of “The Boys Who Cried
Before listening, talk about tales and fables you know. Wolf” in different versions
adapted according to time
and cultures. All of them
have a moral at the end.
Value: Honesty
It is said that myths are
created because all human
beings have a universal
characteristic in our brain
structure. All humans have
a common legacy that goes
beyond race and culture.
Vocabulary
Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false, write the correct statement
based on what you hear.
a. Write three more
1. The story takes place in the mountains. sentences to end the story.
7
Lesson B
Culture
Common Supernatural
Stories in Our Country
“The Tamarind Widow”
from Posorja, Guayas
People in this community talk about an
extremely beautiful woman who used to enchant
her victims, who were usually drunk men that were
walking back home after a long night. The elderly
people and taxi drivers say that men fell in love
with her immediately and followed the beautiful 2. “The Loma Grande Countess”
lady to a tamarind tree. There, she showed her
real figure, which was a skeleton and skull with
a woman’s shape and clothes. Nowadays, the tree is
in the same place but with no sign of that story.
“The Loma Grande Countess”
from Quito, Pichincha
A beautiful, high society young woman from
Europe lived in an elegant house in the Loma
Grande neighborhood. As old people still say, the
lady would go out on Friday nights to have fun in
the bars around downtown. The decade of the
1880’s was all celebrations and parties. She was
called “the countess” and many young gentlemen
• Have you ever experienced any supernatural
were in love with her beauty. People started event? Do you believe in supernatural events?
to notice that the men that left the bars with her just In groups of three students, talk about any
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disappeared without a trace. Years after she left the supernatural event you or anyone you know had.
city, many corpses were found in the gardens around
• Do you know any story from your community?
her former home. Everybody thought that she had Share it with the class.
killed the men and buried them.
8
Oral Communication
Before you listen, read the following story. For each pair of words, select
the correct one. Then listen to the story and check your answers.
"Knock Knock!"
k
pi
ee
Fr
Ghost
Knock Knock! is a scary story about a young boy and his sister who
are left home alone when their parents go out for the night.
Grammar Note
As their mother was leaving, she serious / seriously told her children
Describing actions
not to open the door under any circumstances. But the boy and his sister
didn’t pay attention to their mother’s warning. They thought she was We can use adverbs
being too careful / carefully. of manner to describe
actions. They are formed
About an hour after the parents left, the kids heard a knock, on the
by adding -ly to the
front door. They decided to ignore it, but again, they heard a knock.
adjectives. Some are
It happened again and again and it grew louder each time. Eventually,
irregular, like fast, hard,
the girl couldn’t stand it anymore and she anxiously / anxious told her
late that do not change
brother she was going to answer the door. He reminded her about their
to describe actions.
mother’s nervous / nervously warning, but the girl just didn’t listen.
Again, they heard the knock on the door and finally the sister cautious
Vocabulary
/ cautiously went downstairs. Her brother laid on the sofa watching
TV. He heard her going down and doubtful / doubtfully asking, “Who knock. to hit something
is it” and also heard her opening the lock of the door. (such as a door) with the
knuckles of your hand
He laid there silently / silent for a while and he heard nothing. or with a hard object (such
He started getting scared. His sister still hadn’t returned. He was as a knocker) in order
to get people’s attention
afraid to call her, so he quick / quickly snuck out the back door and
escaped to their neighbors’ house. When he went into their house, his warning. something (such
neighbor was watching the local news on TV. They were talking about as an action or a statement)
a mysterious / mysteriously murder. Then they showed a report live that tells someone about
possible danger or trouble
at the scene of the murder next door. He suddenly remembered him
and his sister going to open the door… and the last thing he saw... was cautious. careful about
a horrifying red eye and a felt really cold… he tried to speak…but nobody avoiding danger or risk
heard… he was just a ghost… doubtful. uncertain or unsure
about something
http://www.scaryforkids.com/knock-knock/
sneak out. leave furtively
and stealthily
9
Reading
A Strange Coincidence
The Titanic and the Titan
In the late 1899’s and 1900’s, ocean liners were a convenient way
Underline the correct
to travel and very popular because they were a luxury. statement:
The Wreck of the Titan was published in 1898, 14 years before 1. The novel Futility was
RMS Titanic was even finished being built. It was written by Morgan published 14 years after
Robertson. The Titan was described as the largest and greatest ship ever, the Titanic tragedy.
a first-class hotel, and of course, unsinkable. The Titan was a British 2. The Titan was bigger
vessel that measured 800 feet long and had about 2500 passengers. than the Titanic.
In April, around midnight, while moving at 25 knots, it struck and
3. The Titanic had less
iceberg 400 nautical miles from Newfoundland, North Atlantic. The lifeboats that the Titan.
ship sank immediately and had only 24 lifeboats, so many lives were lost.
It became the world’s greatest tragedy. Only 13 passengers survived 4. More people survived
in the Titanic tragedy
after it capsized.
than with the Titan.
The Titanic was a British vessel that measured 882 feet long and 5. Both boats sank exactly
carried 2200 passengers. The Titanic was the biggest ship ever built, the same way.
a complete luxury, and unsinkable. It had 20 lifeboats. Early in the
morning of April 15th, 1912, the ship hit a 100-foot-tall iceberg.
It happened 400 miles from Newfoundland, in the North Atlantic,
moving at 22.5 knots. One side started sinking and soon the ship split
in two pieces. After the rescue, 704 people survived. It became the
world’s greatest tragedy of that time. It was the Titanic’s first journey.
Source: https://bit.ly/2WMxc2f | https://bit.ly/3hs19wA Vocabulary
unsinkable. incapable
of being sunk
10
Writing
Step 2.
Main events:
Climax:
Resolution:
Step 3.
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Write what you have on this page in an organized story in your notebook.
Freepik
Telling a Legend
Think of the stories you have heard in your community that have Interesting Facts
survived generations. Maybe it is a story your grandparents told, Between 1930 and 1950,
or something all people in your city or town know. You are going considered the “Golden Age”
to write and illustrate that story in English in a comic. of animation, theatrical
cartoons became an integral
part of popular culture.
Break the story into 10 parts. Illustrate each part in each one of the These years are defined
frames (boxes) below. Be sure to write a caption - a short text at the by Walt Disney,
bottom of every drawing. You can also include text bubbles for things Warner Brothers,
that each of the characters say.
MGM, and Fleischer
(Betty Boop, Popeye).
Source: https://bit.ly/2CVvdBM
1 2 3
4 5 6 7
8 9 10
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12
Oral Communication
Culture
Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false write the correct statement. What is a legend?
1. Stories and legends about giants are not told A legend is a story that has
all around the world. myths or unreal situations
as well as historical facts.
It can be about a particular
2. Most stories are exaggerated.
figure or person. They can
be supernatural beings,
3. Evidence of very tall people has not been found.
elements of mythology,
or explanations of natural
phenomena related to
4. David vs Goliath is a story told in the Bible. particular places or people
and told as part of the story.
Freepik/ @Izakowski
8. All giants were gentle and nice.
13
Graded activities
Assessment
2 Complete each of the sentences in an original way using the past continuous
to complete the ghost story.
A long time ago, there was a young boy. One day, he outside
when suddenly he saw a ghost. He screamed and tried to run away. While
he , the ghost . He ran into his house and his
mother and father . He asked them if they saw the ghost
and they said no. “I can’t believe it!” said the boy. “I when I saw him!”
His parents thought their son . They turned to look at him and
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he had disappeared.
14
Assessment Why are myths and legends so important for humanity?
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1. What is true about the movie schedule? Circle the correct answer.
a. Everybody can see the movie on weekdays in the morning.
b. Only adolescents can see the movie at night with no scene restriction.
c. Adults are not allowed to see the movie at any of the times.
2. Where is the legend of La Llorona from? Write a complete sentence.
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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15
Project 1
Materials:
Sample text area 2
Freepik
or any similar material.
Model
With a partner, make your own posters about local legends and myths.
Instructions:
Step 4. Write it in your own words in English and draw or paste images
related to it.
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16
Let's Review
Grammar Reading
Complete each of the following sentences in Remember the readings you did during the first part
an original way using either the past continuous of this module. Go back and review their titles and
or the simple past according to the context. what they were about. Then answer the following
questions.
1. The other day, my brother was doing his
homework while my sister… 1. What was your favorite reading?
Why was it your favorite?
Vocabulary
2. Wealthy
3. Script
4. Luck
5. Behavior
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Freepik
17
Lesson C
Vocabulary
by farmers
Mayan Ruins in Honduras
18
Oral Communication
Out-of-Place Artifacts
As archeological investigations advance, some findings amaze Grammar Note
scientists. Traditional history says humans have been present for about Past Modals
200,000 years and major technological advances have developed in the for Speculation
last century. However, there have been some stunning discoveries that
seem to be millions of years old. These items are called Out-of-Place We use past modals
Artifacts or “Ooparts”. to say how certain we are
about events that happened
https://bit.ly/2OTjE0y in the past.
Ex: It must have been formed
by a natural process.
Must: very certain about
something.
Wikipedia / Robert Huggett
Vocabulary
1.
2.
Value: Media education
3.
Critical Evaluation
of Contents
Listen to the following extract of a documentary. The internet offers
Circle the statements that are true. a lot of information.
1. Some findings make scientists believe that some ancient cultures Much of it may be fake.
might have been more advanced than we think. It is important to make
sure that web pages have
2. Scientists are pretty sure that the Bagdad battery generated
about one volt of electricity. an author who is responsible
for the information and
3. Archeologists are sure that the South Africa metal spheres were some references.
naturally formed.
4. The spheres could have been formed 2.8 billion years ago.
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19
Reading
How did people learn about strange things some time ago?
4. Circle the word that DOES NOT have a similar meaning as gather.
odd. strange or unusual:
different from what is normal a. collect b. spread c. assemble d. accumulate
or expected
20
Writing
it in the 15th or 16th century. Most theories claim that The modals we can use,
the book medicinal plants and their effect on people.
in order of least certain
to most certain, are: might/
Others say the language to a culture that had only spoken may, could, must
language and someone tried to write down their knowledge. Theories
about the manuscript are always appearing and the mystery continues. Then we use “have”, then
the past participle of the
https://bit.ly/2D1dR6z
main verb.
1.
Wikipedia/Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library Yale University
2.
3.
Vocabulary
21
Language Through the Arts
• Liquid glue
Wikipedia / Jabberocky
Crop Circles in Switzerland
Mineduc
Instructions:
4. Put the sand or soil all over it and start drawing the circles
with a stick or an eraser.
Crop Circle in Diessenhofen
22
Oral Communication
Freepik / Lovelypeace
Nazca lines
Lucy went to Peru last summer. Listen to a part of her blog and underline
o highlight the ideas that are mentioned.
2. Most Nazca lines represent animals, plants, or humanoids. • Write two or three
conclusions.
3. Nazca lines are 2,000 years old.
8. It is possible that the lines are part of a ritual for the gods
to ask for rain.
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9. Researchers are sure that the lines were made by the Nazca culture.
10. The lines have been conserved because they are located
in the desert.
23
Communication and Cultural Awareness
UFO Culture
Interesting Facts UFOs were a cultural phenomenon in the 1940’s and 50’s. All
About 80 years ago, those fears of strange beings coming to our planet were the perfect
a radio broadcast terrified material for movie production in Hollywood. It is said that the idea
thousands of people. of other intelligent and superior species represents the hopes and fears
A famous actor performed of humanity.
H.G. Wells classic science- Media keeps the idea of UFOs in the headlines, even if the reports
fiction book, The War of people who claim to see flying objects have significantly reduced
of the Worlds. It made in past years. Believing in aliens visiting our planet has become part
people run away from their of many cultures; however, scientists do not support that assumption.
houses with towels on their They say it is interesting to explore the idea of extraterrestrial life,
faces to protect themselves but we must evaluate those ideas and proof. Some scholars compare
from the “gas” that aliens UFOs and aliens to religious beliefs that show how humans deal with
used to attack. unexplainable experiences.
https://bit.ly/2BsJyFe
https://bit.ly/3jzr1sh | https://bit.ly/32NWUY2
We have asked some people about UFOs Let’s see what they say.
Have you ever seen any strange object in the sky? What would you do if
you saw one?
Luisa, Argentina
Jimmy, USA
Vocabulary
UFO. a flying object in the
sky that some people believe
What would you do if you saw a strange flying object in the sky?
could be a spaceship from
Complete:
another planet
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If I saw a UFO, I
headlines. the major
news stories reported
in newspapers, magazines,
or television news programs
24
Oral Communication
Time Travel
Grammar Note
Second conditional
It is used to talk about
hypothetical situations
in the present or future.
The situations can be
possible in some time,
very unlikely, or impossible.
If I could travel in time,
I would go to the time
of the dinosaurs.
Freepik / Vectorpouch
If clause: If + S + verb
past tense
Main Clause: S + would /
could / may / might + Verb
base form
Listen to an interview about time machines in fiction and what
scientists say about them. Then answer the questions below.
2. Why may time travel be dangerous for humans? • If you could travel in time,
what would you do? Where
would you go? Who would
you meet?
Write down the most interesting answers. Use the second conditional
Freepik / Vonyxprj
25
Reading
Fake News
In a world where anyone can say anything at any time and for
free, some people believe that anything said on the web is true.
Fake news are stories created to deliberately misinform people.
The more a piece of information is repeated and “liked”, the more people
think it is true. It is common to find news on social networks that cause
fear in many people and turn out to be false. Also, free access to almost
stock
Vocabulary
deliberately. in a way that is
meant, intended, or planned.
Freepik/ @Brazhyk
or to have a particular result
26
Writing
Freepik/ @Microone
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27
Language Through the Arts
Tough Situations
Tip
Role-Play
You can choose: Objective: To represent a real situation in which a person or a group does
something wrong or dangerous. What would you do?
A party where alcohol
is served to underage people.
Some of your friends Value: Self-regulation and decision making
are offering dangerous
substances.
Talking to unknown people
on the street.
Accepting gifts from
someone without knowing
their real intentions.
Freepik
You can also propose
your own case according
Teenagers in a party
to your reality.
6. In your notebooks, write your own sentence for each role play
about what you would do.
28
Oral Communication
Panic in Quito
A radio station in Quito broadcasted a program that caused panic Interesting Facts
in the population with some sad consequences. The book The War of the
Worlds has inspired the
creation of many movies.
The first one was released
in 1953 and another more
modern version was
presented in 2005.
Radio broadcast
2. People in Quito did not like TVs and only listened to the radio.
10. After the event, the government set new regulations for media.
29
Assessment
1 Conspiracy Theories
Write True (T) or False (F). If the statement is false, correct it.
1. Conspiracy theories explain reality.
30
Assessment Why are myths and legends so important for humanity?
If you could choose any place in the world to travel, where would you go? Why?
Write a short paragraph of 60-70 words.
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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31
Project 2
Grammar Note Objective: Share useful information about fake news and its effects on your
school, community, or family.
To give advice, you can
either use a modal
verb like should
(as a recommendation)
or the imperative form
of the verb.
You should pay attention
to what is happening
around you.
Get your news from
reliable sources.
Instructions:
Freepik
students and start working
on your project. Fake news can be spread really fast
• How did it go? Write some conclusions about the project. Did people
know about the difference between fake and real?
Freepik
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32
English What is so wonderful
Pedagogical Module 4 about our country?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Commmunication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Writing reviews 5
Writing a process
paragraph 4 6
Culture, traditions
and cuisine
So
ci
lSa
tu
Using theimperative 3
die
s
ish
Ph
7 Sports in Ecuador
gl
ys
Relative pronouns
2
En
ic
and relative clauses
Wonders
al
Ed
of Ecuador
uc
at
io
Vocabulary related
1
n
to culture and sports
Values
8 Respecting identities
Ecuador, a Small but Magical sports. There have been many important people,
Country teams, and sports that have brought glory to the
country. Let’s start this adventure of knowing
Our little but wonderful country is located more about our amazing and magical country.
on the Equator. It has different regions and
therefore various traditions and cultures. There
are handicrafts that are famous around the world
because of their beauty and uniqueness. Our food
is also delicious; it is difficult to determine which
dish is the best.
But Ecuador is much more than that.
Ecuadorian people are nice, hardworking,
Freepik
1
Lesson A
Wonderful Ecuador
Interesting Facts
Talk as a class. What are some interesting facts you already know
about Ecuador? The indigenous population
in Ecuador is about 1.1
million people. They are
General Information composed of 15 indigenous
nationalities. Ecuador
The official name of our country is the Republic of Ecuador. It is
voted in favor of the UN
the second smallest country in South America, with 256,370 square
Declaration on the Rights
kilometers. Due to its position on the Equator, our country has
of Indigenous Peoples.
incredible biodiversity and wonderful landscapes.
About 24.1% of Ecuador’s
The official language is Spanish. Quichua is spoken by many indigenous people live in the
indigenous nationalities. About ten other native languages are also Amazon region.
official in their communities. According to the law, all ancient languages https://www.iwgia.org/en/ecuador
in Ecuador will be respected and preserved.
Ecuador uses the United States Dollar as its currency. The capital
city is Quito. • Based on the reading, circle
the correct statements.
Value: Interculturality 1. Ecuador is the second
largest country in South
America.
Ecuador
2
Oral Communication
Interesting Facts
Talk about some interesting touristic attractions in Ecuador that Scientists first thought
students know. Compare class answers with the following descriptions. Chimborazo Volcano was
extinct, but new research
Ecuadorian Treasures shows that it is still active
and has erupted at least
Listen to a foreigner tell their family about some wonderful features seven times in the past
of our country. 10,000 years.
https://url2.cl/CJrEF
Complete the following chart. What does the visitor say she learned Vocabulary
about the following touristic attractions in Ecuador? Use your own words.
straw. the dry stems of wheat
and other grain plants
1. Panama Hat
dormant. not doing anything
at this time: not active but
able to become active
Panama Hat
Chimborazo Volcano
3. Galapagos Islands
• Why?
Pixabay/ WikiImages
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Charles Darwin
3
Reading
Social Studies
Interesting Facts
Have you ever heard about these kinds of hats? Does anyone in your
family have one? Tell your classmates what you know about them. Paja toquilla hats are made
in Montecristi, Cuenca, and
Chordeleg, but most hats
The History of Paja Toquilla Hats come from Cuenca. In fact,
It is said that back in 1835, people in Montecristi, Manabi sent boxes there is a hat museum in
of hats to Manta and Guayaquil to be exported to Panama. The time Cuenca in which visitors
coincided with the California Gold Rush (1848-1855), which made the can learn about their history
hat famous because of the abundant sun on the west coast of the United and the process involved in
States. They became so popular in the ports of Panama that the name making them. You can find
was quickly linked to that location. hats from $20 to $5000.
.
Freepik
and .
become rich
4
Writing
A Short Review
Analyze the model: Tagua nut jewelry Grammar Note
Jewelry made of a seed does not seem so elegant, but there are There are two types
some beautiful pieces. Tagua comes from a palm tree that grows in my of relative clauses:
community. It is called “vegetable ivory”; it is very similar to the ivory
that people take from elephants. The best part of tagua is that no plant Defining: used to define the
or animal gets hurt and you can create wonderful pieces of jewelry. My noun that comes before them.
favorite piece is a colorful necklace that I have had for years and goes Non-defining: used to
well with almost all my clothing. I also have a pair of earrings which are identify the noun that
absolutely wonderful. I really like tagua jewelry and I am sure I will get comes before them.
more pieces.
Relative clauses start with
a relative pronoun: who for
Step 1. Topic sentence: Introduce the idea of your favorite handicraft. people and which for things.
In non-defining relative
clauses, who and which
can be replaced by that.
Step 2. xplain where the materials come from.
1.
2.
3.
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4.
5
Language Through the Arts
2. Instructions:
a. Get in pairs or small groups. Discuss something representative
of your community.
b. Choose a way you can display it using available materials.
c. You can model it, draw it, build it, or paint it.
Freepik
d. Work on your craft.
Ingapirca, Cuenca, Ecuador
e. Show it to the class and tell them about it.
d. Why did you choose it? What does it represent and why is it
important for you?
Animal Carvings
Vocabulary
6
Oral Communication
Filigree Jewelry
Have you ever heard about filigree jewelry? Do you like it? What kind Interesting Facts
of jewelry do you like? Filigree is an ancient
technique. It has its origin
Our visitor keeps traveling around the country, and now she is
in Mesopotamia, where
visiting the southern region. Listen to the conversation and complete
they have made this kind of
the activities.
jewelry since 3000 B.C. The
Egyptians also used wire
Circle the correct answer to make pieces of jewelry,
but it was not as popular.
1. Where is the visitor currently staying?
The Greeks also created
a. Chordeleg wonderful pieces, and
b. Cuenca filigree reached perfection
c. Quito
from the 6th to the 3rd
century B.C.
2. Filgree is made of
a. different kinds of metals
b. metal threads and beads
c. beautiful metal pieces
Filigree
Vocabulary
7
Lesson B
Pixabay/yolandacoevers
3. Complete the meaning of the different colors. You can use means,
represents, shows to start your sentence. Use your own words.
Red:
Freepik
Blue:
Colorful ponchos
Black: Vocabulary
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8
Oral Communication
Social Studies
mention?
a. cangrejos
b. hallullas
c. chugchucaras
Flickr/ @Coen Wubbels
a. morning
Maito Fritada
b. afternoon
c. night
What is your favorite traditional food? What region or city is it from? 5. What region has she
Do you eat it often? visited the most?
Talk about it in groups of three. Share some comments with the class. a. Coast
b. Highlands
c. Amazon
Vocabulary
feature. an interesting or
important part, characteristic,
ability, etc. Usually plural
9
Reading
Flickr/@ koli52000
Fix these incorrect statements and write the correct ones
on the lines.
Yahuarlocro
1. The only ingredients in locro are yellow potatoes.
Vocabulary
2. Locro is very watery.
thick. of a liquid: not flowing
easily
3. The origin of yahuarlocro is clear. sheep. an animal with a
thick woolly coat that is often
raised for meat or for its
4. Yahuarlocro is not an emblematic dish of our country. wool and skin
7. If you want to eat yahuarlocro, you can only do it in restaurants. fair. a large public event at
which there are various kinds
of competitions, games, rides,
and entertainment
10
Writing
11
Language Through the Arts
1. To introduce your
• Get in groups of three or four students. presentation:
Good morning! We are
• Find something characteristic of your community. It can be clothing, going to talk about
food, handicrafts, among others.
• Do some research about the origin or meaning of the object that you
have chosen. /We are going to present
• Prepare a short presentation to talk about this special feature of your 2. The origin is
community.
• Use your imagination and use the materials you have available. You
can use paper, pictures, drawings, cardboard. It would be a good idea
to prepare a collage or poster.
4. It is worn, prepared by
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Write a couple of sentences about your experience. Did you learn a lot
with your research? What is something new you learned about your
community?
5. It is interesting/ important
because
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12
Oral Communication
Traditions
How do you celebrate Carnival in your community? Do you have
special traditions, food, or parades?. List some of the ideas mentioned Listen to the dialogue and
answer the questions in
in the group. complete sentences.
f. handicrafts
g. traditional clothing for sale
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h. folk songs
i. fast food
j. some sports
Coangue Carnival
13
Graded activities
Assessment
1 Listen to the following radio broadcast. Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false,
write the correct statement based on what you hear.
1. The name of the radio program is “Our Culture Is Our Identity”.
4. People in Guayaquil build statue-like años viejos that are very accurate.
5. Burning años viejos symbolizes good luck for the last year.
For this year is ending. I want my dear children, are the light
of my life, to remember me as a tough but interesting year. I leave my chair at work
to my lovely coworkers, have been very nice. Maybe next year will
bring more money, maybe a pay raise.
14
Assessment What is so wonderful about our country?
3 Read the passage and complete the activities. Answer the following questions in
complete sentences.
New Year’s Traditions
In my first visit to Ecuador I was really surprised when I saw the uncommon
image of men dressed like women who are supposed to be the widows of the año
viejo. These characters with colorful wigs and little black dresses block the streets
and dance suggestively for people passing by, especially men, in order to get some
money “to survive” after their husbands are burned. It has become very lucrative
for the young men who dress up, since they can get more than a hundred dollars
in a couple of hours.
Many people gather together in traditional neighborhoods or in family groups
to make the año viejo with funny messages and of course a will or testament in
which drama and humor are combined to talk about good and bad moments,
about family members, and also about the situation of the country. It shows
Ecuadorian creativity and imagination.
Topics I do it very well I do it somewhat well I can improve I can’t do it without help
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15
Project 1
Ecuador is a diverse country. Its three regions have different “Tradition is not the worship
clothing, food, and traditions. Each city, town, and community has of ashes, but the preservation
its own unique customs. Now it is your turn to organize a project of fire.”
with your classmates to celebrate your uniqueness and remind Gustav Mahler
people of the richness of our culture.
Step 1. Talk to the teacher and the class and choose what artifacts
of the culture you are going to show. Is it clothing? Food?
Dances? If you are a large group, you can choose a lot of
them and divide them into small presentations. You may Here are some expressions
want to organize a Culture Fair in your school and show your that can help you present your
project to other classes. project.
Step 2. You don’t need to spend money or get difficult materials 1. We are going to present
or resources. You only need to use what you already have
available in your community.
Step 4. Gather all the information available and start organizing your 2. It represents (make it
project with your classmates and teacher. plural if necessary)
Step 5. Present your project, either with posters, PPT, real food,
clothing, or a beautiful piece of typical music or dancing.
4. It means
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Teamwork
16
Review
Grammar
Fill in the blanks with a relative pronoun: who,
which, or that
Washkas, means “necklace”, are
made of minerals and gems such as amethyst
and obsidian, as well as corals. According to the
indigenous worldview, they have special powers.
Women wear them keep their
balance and good energy. Washkas,
also keep bad spirits away, are worn in weddings,
ancient festivities, and religious celebrations. In
1.
2.
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3.
4.
17
Lesson C
It is said that culture is everything around us. It is the way we speak, The history of sports can
we dress, even the way we think about certain topics. The word culture be traced back 3000 years.
comes from the Latin “cultura”, which means to tend to, to cultivate. Some evidence shows that
in the beginning, sports
It was first understood as growing through education, but in the were preparation for war
middle of the 19th century it was related to collective customs and or training for survival
inherited traditions and patterns of meanings in societies. All cultures activities. Many early
are different and even in a single country many subcultures can be games involved throwing
identified. rocks, spears, or stakes.
Sports are a universal element found in all cultures. They provide Archaeological pieces have
young people with experiences, fun, good physical health, as well as shown that ball games were
opportunities for social interaction and skills necessary for participation played by the Chinese and
in society. Young athletes are also agents of change in their communities; the Aztecs.
they can educate others and inspire young athletes. When people are https://www.britannica.com/sports/sports
engaged in sports, identities and goals are shared. Bonds are cultivated
across racial, ethnic, and class lines. In this way, sports help human
rights to progress.
https://www.coe.int/en/web/compass/culture-and-sport
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a. When may have sports appeared?
Aztec ball game court
spear. a weapon that has a long straight handle and a sharp point people.
stake. a pointed stick or post that is pushed into the ground especially 7. Sports promote human
to mark a place or to support something rights around the world.
18
Oral Communication
Physical Education
5. cycling
6. rugby
7. martial arts
8. swimming
9. soccer
10. boxing
Antonio Valencia. Ecuador vs Perú, Rusia 2018
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Basketball Volleyball
19
Reading
Ecua-volley
Have you heard about this sport? Do you know why it is called Interesting Facts
that? Have you seen people in your community playing Ecua-volley? Volleyball was invented in
Discuss this as a class. 1895 by William G. Morgan.
Ecua-volley or local volley is believed to have its origin in Ecuador at He created the game as a
the beginning of the 19th century. It is now the second most practiced combination of basketball,
sport in the country, usually played in little towns and neighborhoods. baseball, handball and tennis.
What is interesting about this practice is that around an Ecua-volley Nowadays, volleyball is so
game people play cards, others bet, and there can even be music. popular that it is the second
most played sport in the
How are ecuavoley and volleyball alike and different? world.
Ecua-volley has three players on each team while volleyball has six https://url2.cl/r15zz
players per team. The position and size of the net is also different. In
Ecua-volley, the net is less than a meter wide, and it is 2.75 meters high.
In volleyball, the net is one meter wide and 2.30 meters high on average.
Ecua-volley is played with a #5 soccer ball, while volleyball has its own
special ball.
Despite the number of people that like, play, and follow the sport all
around the country, it is considered a recreational sport, so there are
no official championships besides those organized in neighborhoods.
On the other hand, volleyball is an Olympic sport practiced in many
countries.
Due to migration, Ecua-volley is practiced in Spain, Italy, the United
States, and some countries in Latin America.
https://url2.cl/7Na3t
Commons.wikimedia/
Use the following Venn Diagram to compare and contrast volleyball
and Ecua-volley.
Ecuavoley
Volleyball Ecua-volley
Vocabulary
Similar
bet. an agreement in which
people try to guess what will
happen and the person who
guesses wrong has to give
something (such as money) to
the person who guesses right
tennis, badminton,
or volleyball)
Different Different wide. measured from side
to side
20
Writing
Popular Sports
Write a short paragraph about a sport that is commonly practiced Grammar Note
in your community.
Present Passive
Passive voice is used to
Use your notebook for the writing process.
focus on the object of the
• Brainstorm – make a list of ideas sentence. It means it focuses
• Outline – organize your ideas in a logical way on the recipient instead
of on the agent or doer
of an action.
The following questions may help you write your paragraph:
Active Voice
• What sports are practiced in our community?
People in Ecuador practice
• Who plays them? (kids, adults, men, women) many sports.
• When is the sport practiced? Passive Voice
• Are there any other activities that people do during those games?
Many sports are practiced
• Do you like it? in Ecuador.
• Do you practice it? In the passive voice we use
the verb to be and the past
participle of the verb.
Value: Health care: Health Care, Healthy Recreation Habits
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Language Through the Arts
Artistic Skating
Skating can be divided in two types: roller skating and ice skating. Interesting Facts
Artistic roller skating is practiced worldwide, even in our country. Both Ice skates have special metal
skating types are demanding because strength and speed are combined blades that allow skaters
with grace, poise, precision, and agility. to smoothly slide on the
Ice skating may have originated in southern Finland about four ice. The blades have edges
thousand years ago. It started as a recreational activity and became a that generate speed. For
sport in the 19th century. Now it has become the most popular sport of professional ice skaters, the
the Winter Olympic games. quality of the ice is very
important. For that reason,
Figure skating consists of free and expressive techniques based on there are ice rinks created to
dance movements. Music is an important part of this sport. Skaters practice the sport and also
used to create their routines using classical music, but nowadays many for recreation. In countries
kinds of music are used, even rock. where it is really cold in the
https://url2.cl/1dlSx winter, many people
skate outdoors.
https://url2.cl/UGuZj
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Roller skates
Vocabulary
22
Oral Communication
Sport Achievements
Get in groups of three students
Have you heard about Ecuadorian sport achievements? Have we won
and talk about your feelings
any international championships or medals? related to sport achievements.
Do you feel happy? Do you
Some students in school asked their teacher about famous Ecuadorian think famous sports players
people in sports and their achievements. Listen to the teacher’s answer should earn a lot of money?
and complete the activities. Is it important for you and the
members of your community
to enjoy sports and
international tournaments?
Write your thoughts.
Jefferson Pérez
1.
2.
3.
4.
Commons.wikimedia// @Pruneau
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Flickr/@Ivám Mejía
23
Communication and Cultural Awareness
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class, a national team that participates in any sport becomes the country
itself by representing the feelings of millions of people. This shows the Ecuadorian team celebrating
Sports prizes
Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false, write the correct statement
based on what you hear. Vocabulary
1. Sports only bring happiness to people.
uncertainty. something that
is doubtful or unknown
2. Sports do not cause emotion in people. disappointment. something
that is sad because you did
not expect it
3. Sports can cause division in people if there is not respect and complex. not easy to
tolerance. understand or explain;
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not simple
4. Through sports, people are aware of their national identity. awareness. knowledge,
consciousness, and familiarity
with something
24
Oral Communication
Vocabulary
25
Reading
Do you know who Jefferson Pérez is? Have you ever talked about Race walking is a very
him in school?. Read the following passage and complete the difficult Olympic sport. It is
activities as requested. a long-distance race in which
the athletes must walk and
not run. In race walking,
It was July 26th, 1996. A young man from Cuenca, called Jefferson there is a rule known as the
Pérez, participated in the Atlanta Olympic Games in race walking. He “straight leg rule,” which
got the gold medal in 20 kms and became the first and still the only means that when the front
Ecuadorian to get a gold medal in the Olympic games. People in Ecuador touches the ground, the
were amazed with such an achievement and everybody celebrated. The front knee is not allowed to
former President Sixto Durán-Ballén declared Jefferson Pérez a national bend until the back leg passes
hero. Twelve years later, he won the silver medal in the Olympic games under the center of the body.
of Pekin. He was also recognized around the world for being the world
https://url2.cl/mNTXs
champion in race walking in 2003, 2005, and 2007.
He was born on July 1st, 1974. He started his successful career in 1988
Vocabulary
when he won his first championship in South America. By the time he
won the Olympic gold medal, he had won about 40 championships. He straight. not having curves,
competed with the best athletes worldwide and showed that Ecuadorians bends, or angles
can be on top. He worked hard and trained for years in order to bring bend. to move (a part of your
glory to our country. Jefferson Pérez should always be remembered and body, such as an arm or leg)
appreciated, as well as all those who have made Ecuador known around so that it is not straight
the world.
https://url2.cl/kf9Ar
1. When and where did Jefferson Pérez win both Olympic medals?
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Writing
Creative Writing
Interesting Facts
You are going to write a short story about a fictional sports hero.
Discuss some of the famous sports glories you have already discussed What about other successful
as class so that you can start getting ideas. tennis players?
Nicolas Lapentti Gomez
Creative writing is an opportunity for you to be just that: creative.
Use your imagination to create a short story about a fictional Ecuadorian He was born in Guayaquil
sports hero. Follow these steps. and started playing tennis
when he was 7. His father
was a known basketball
Step 1. Start brainstorming. Ask yourself these questions: What player and supported him
sport to I want to focus on? What will be the name of my during all his career. He
hero? Where will my hero be from? What will be his or her
started participating in
greatest achievement?
international tournaments
Step 2. Write down the information you brainstormed here to at the age of 13. After years
organize it. of being a junior player he
a. Name of the sports hero: became a professional. He
won numerous international
b. From:
prizes, and by 1999 he was
c. Sport: the sixth best tennis player in
d. Achievement and details: the world.
e. There have been many
tennis players that deserve
Step 3. Put your story together with the information above. Start with a
to be mentioned: Miguel
sentence that catches your reader’s attention. Develop the story
in a logical order and finish with a sentence that makes it clear Olvera, Pancho Guzmán,
that it is the end of your story. Write a draft of your story in your Eduardo Zuleta, María
notebook. (80-90 words) Guzmán, Ricardo Ycaza, Raúl
Step 4. Exchange your story with a partner. Comment on each
Viver, Luis Morejón, Pablo
other’s stories. What did you like? What can be done better? Campana, among others.
Are there any language errors? https://url2.cl/PWr3j
Vocabulary
tournament. a sports
competition or series of
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27
Language Through the Arts
Ecuadorian Goals
Answer the following
Soccer is the most followed sport in Ecuador. We have won some questions in complete
soccer prizes, and we have also celebrated many achievements. sentences.
1. Get into groups and choose the topic you want to present
to your classmates.
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Oral Communication
c. Galo Yépez was the first person in the world to cross the
English Channel.
e. Iván Vallejo was the first person to climb the fourteen highest
mountains of the world without oxygen.
f. Carla Pérez was the first woman to get to the top of the
Everest.
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Free
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Graded activities
Assessment
1 Listen to a teacher talk about the first famous tennis player of our country,
Pancho” Segura. Write 5 important facts about Pancho” Segura.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2 Alberto Spencer, “Magic Head”. Answer the questions according to the text.
This mythical soccer player was born in Ancón (Santa Elena) in 1937. For those
who were not lucky enough to see him play, there are some black and white videos
and pictures that show his unique skills. He is considered the best Ecuadorian soccer
player of all time, besides being the best goal scorer ever in Copa Libertadores. He is
even one of the best soccer players of the 20th century. He was part of the Ecuadorian
team and thanks to his performance, in 1959 he was hired by the soccer team Peñarol
from Uruguay, and after some time he was asked to become Uruguayan, which he
accepted after being part of the national team. His abilities were compared to the
Brazilian Pelé by many European journalists. He died in 2006 and is remembered
because he was humble and always loved Ecuador.
Alberto Spencer was born .
What were his main characteristics? (Answers may vary.)
30
30
Assessment What is so wonderful about our country?
3 Ecuadorian Pride
Who has been your favorite Ecuadorian sport player? Why? Write a short review
of 40-50 words. Explain who the person is, what he or she did, and why he or she
is your favorite.
Topics I do it very well I do it somewhat well I can improve I can’t do it without help
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Write a recipe
31
Project 2
Tip
Let’s Organize a Sport Tournament
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32
English What can nature do?
Pedagogical Module 5
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Climate and
Write a cause and 5 natural disasters
4
Sc
effect paragraph
ie
nc
e
Simple past passive 3 6
The worst natural
So
disasters in history
ci
al
St
ish
ud
2
ie
gl
s
Identifying different
7
En
Ge
of Nature
og
Natural disasters and
ra
1
p
weather vocabulary
hy
Values
8 Lifelong learning
A natural disaster is a major catastrophic that the situation is grave, not only for
event caused by natural processes of the Earth. scientists and politicians, but also for industries
Some examples of natural disasters are floods, and business. Climate change may also have
hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, consequences on the laws and rules in society.
earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geological For example, governments can create laws to
processes. regulate pollution and carbon emissions. They
can also create laws to make sure the citizens are
Another cause of extreme natural events is safe in case of any natural disaster. We have to do
climate change. This is a very serious problem something, before it’s too late.
nowadays. The records for average annual
temperatures are broken over and over. It is clear Source: https://cutt.ly/pfjFmFu
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1
Lesson A
Dallol, Ethiopia
2. What is the hottest inhabited place on Earth?
Vocabulary
2
Oral Communication
Many students have asked their teachers why there are four seasons in Listen to a friend who has
many countries, while we don’t have them in Ecuador. Students also traveled around many
wonder why different seasons exist. countries talk about how
seasons are different in
Some people believe that what causes seasons is the distance between the Northern and Southern
the Earth and the Sun, but this is not true. What causes seasons is the Hemispheres. Complete the
planet’s axis of rotation of 23.5 degrees. following sentences based
on what you hear.
Our country is always in the same position, no matter what the The Earth tilts
Earth’s position is. This happens because we are between the Northern
Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. That is the reason why we
only have dry and rainy seasons. Even though sometimes we would relative to its orbital plane.
like to have snow in winter and warmer weather in summer, we do not Throughout the year, different
have the four seasons. parts of Earth receive the
Sun’s
Source: https://scijinks.gov/earths-seasons/
As Ecuadorians, we do
not have four seasons
because we are between the
Vocabulary
is spinning
Earth’s rotation
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3
Reading
Vocabulary Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false, write the correct statement.
supplies. things (such as food, 2. Planes took the medicine from one city to another.
equipment, medicine, etc.)
that are needed for a particular
purpose and will be used by
a particular person or group
3. The medicine was transported only by Balto
sled dog. a dog that is trained
to pull a sled
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4
Writing
Colorful Changes
Grammar Note
Complete the paragraph with the correct comparative or superlative
form of the adjectives in the box. We use comparatives
to compare two things
or two people.
hot cold short dry colorful warm long
Guayaquil is larger
Every season brings changes in the environment. The four seasons than Quito.
vary according to the location, but their main characteristics stay the Quito is more populated
same in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The four seasons are than Guayaquil.
winter, spring, summer, and fall (also called autumn).
We use superlatives to show
Winter is season of the year. Some places may have the difference between more
snow or ice, while others can be very cold and rainy. Some animals than two things or more
change their appearance to adapt, and others travel to , than two people.
sunnier places. Plants do not grow. Days are short.
Everest is the highest
In the spring, vegetation begins to grow, and animals return to mountain in the world.
warmer areas, often with their offspring. The weather is nicer than
in winter. There is more rainfall. There are a lot of brightly colored Everest is the most
flowers: it is season. dangerous mountain
in the world.
Summer is the season of the year. It is also the
season of the year, because there is almost no rain. If it
is too hot, there can be heat waves and droughts that cause problems to
people and animals. Summer usually has hot and sunny days. In some
parts of the world, the days in summer last until 9 pm. Summer has
days of the year.
In the fall, the weather becomes cooler and days are ,
as they last less time than in summer. Many trees change their green for
yellow, orange, or red and then their leaves fall.
Sources: https://cutt.ly/1fjSTbz
Write a paragraph about what is your favorite season from the ones
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Four Seasons
Vocabulary
5
Language Through the Arts
Tip
Use your creativity! You are going to make some artwork to represent
the seasons. You can make a poster or a diorama. Objective: You will be
able to tell your family
or friends about the
four seasons and their
characteristics. You can
also explain to them why
we don’t have the four
seasons in Ecuador.
Materials:
• Paint
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• Glue
Instructions:
1. Make four trees using sticks and leaves. You can paste them in the
box or on the cardboard.
3. Paint the leaves of each tree according to its season. You may want
to add some flowers or pictures of animals if you have them.
4. Show your artwork to your class or other classes and talk about the
characteristics of each season.
5. Talk about the seasons we have in Ecuador and discuss the positive
side of not having all four seasons.
Painting
6
Oral Communication
Have you ever seen what happens if it rains too much, or if it is too hot?
Are you prepared to act if that happens? What is the worst weather
you have seen? Discuss these questions with your class.
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Flood
Listen to the news about some extreme weather conditions and the
7
Lesson B
threat. the possibility of 3. Discuss these questions with your class. Then, talk to your family
something bad or harmful and friends about disaster prevention.
happening
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8
Oral Communication
Science
Extreme Temperatures
Extreme temperatures, either too high or too low, can damage our
health and affect our normal abilities.
Have you ever been too hot or too cold? Do we have extreme
temperatures in our country? Discuss the advantages of our climate.
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Vocabulary
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9
Reading
Freezing!
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Severely cold temperatures may affect your health. How?
Extremely low temperatures
can affect you in many ways. For
example, they can cause something
called frostbite, an injury that
makes your skin turn red and
numb. Frostbite works like a cold
According to the passage,
burn; when the skin is exposed to
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Writing
A Postcard
Imagine you have some friends from another country that want to
come and visit your community. Their country has the four seasons,
and they are asking you to describe the weather in your city or town so
they know what to bring.
Start writing your postcard. First, write the name of your town or
community; you may also want to name one or two of its characteristics.
Then, describe the normal weather conditions in your city/town so your
friends know what to bring with them.
Hi, !
I hope you are doing very well. I am glad you are coming to visit us. I live
in . It has beautiful
The weather is
Pixabay/ Nietjuh
Sincerely,
Vintage postal
11
Language Through the Arts
Infographics are visual representations of complex data • Any other material you have
or information that has to be presented quickly and clearly. They
are similar to telling a story, but with graphics and short, complete
sentences. You can create them in a computer or by drawing and pasting
pictures. All infographics must have: 1. visual elements, and 2. facts
or statistical data (numbers).
Source: https://www.seguetech.com/infographics/
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Oral Communication
Social Studies
Due to changes both in the climate around the world and in the natural
cycles of the planet, we are experiencing more and more natural
disasters. Are we prepared for them? Do you know what to do? Share
your thoughts with the class.
Do’s Don’ts
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Natural disasters
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13
Graded activities
Assessment
1 Read the passage about recommendations on preparing for natural disasters. Then
organize the information in the chart below by writing the different places mentioned
and the actions we can do to be more prepared.
Governments around the world are trying to mitigate the impact of natural
disasters. International committees recommend that countries create education
programs and other information methods so that the population has access to disaster
prevention information.
The committees give different recommendations for different places. At home, we
should look for information on household survival plans, precautionary measures, and
emergency supplies. In our community, we should promote planning, education, and
preparedness in hospitals, churches, schools, businesses, neighborhood organizations,
and other groups. In schools, we need to protect children and their families through
information on natural disaster preparedness, warnings, and responses. In the
workplace, we should ensure the safety and security of workers. In universities, it is
necessary to incorporate disaster reduction in the education of all relevant professions.
The media (radio, web, and TV news) should develop procedures to inform the public
before, during, and after a disaster. Finally, professionals should provide continuous
education and information about natural disasters.
Place Actions
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Assessment What can nature do?
2 Write four statements about the weather in different places in the world: two using
comparatives and two using superlatives. Example: New York is colder than Miami
in the winter.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3 Choose five words from the vocabulary studied in the previous lessons and write
a sentence using each of them showing that you understand the meaning.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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Project 1
EXPONIENDO
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Let's Review
Reading Writing
What Is a Polar Climate? Read the following information about the North
and South Poles. Then, write three sentences
Can you imagine a place where you can make comparing them.
snowmen, have snowball fights, live in an igloo, and
wear thick coats, boots, and gloves every day of the Arctic (North Pole) vs. Antarctic (South Pole)
year? There are places like this on Earth, and they Similarities and Differences
are located in the polar climates of the North Pole
and the South Pole. Characteristics North Pole South Pole
A climate is the type of weather found in a 55 million
particular place. A polar climate is a place where Area square miles 54 million square miles
(in winter)
the temperature is usually below freezing. These
places are dry, icy and covered in snow most of the 2 m above 2835 m above sea
Height
sea level level
year. This happens because polar climates don’t get
+ 13° C to
direct sunlight like other parts of the Earth do. Some Temperature
-43°C
-12.3 °C to -62 °C
animals, like polar bears, live in the polar climate of
Several
the Arctic. species of Only one species of
Animal Life
large land insect
animals
1. Circle all the true statements. Some native
Human life No inhabitants
inhabitants
a. In polar climates, you can wear any kind
of clothing during the year.
b. Polar climates are humid. 1.
a. What is a climate?
Polar bears
17
Lesson C
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Fre
Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false, write the correct statement.
18
Oral Communication
Earthquake in Ecuador
Interesting Facts
Think of some natural disasters that have recently happened in Ecuador. The Pacific Ring of Fire,
Where were you during the event? How do you remember it? Talk to your also known as the Circum-
teacher and classmates about it. Pacific Belt, is a path
along the Pacific Ocean
characterized by active
volcanoes and frequent
earthquakes. The majority
of Earth’s volcanic eruptions
and earthquakes take place
along the Ring of Fire.
Source: https://n9.cl/jsbz
Vocabulary
Pixabay /Tobamedia
quake. earthquake
Pedernales, 2016
ik
Freep
Freepik
19
Reading
a bird’s mouth
20
Writing
Social Studies
Pixabay / WikiImages
that performs the action.
In other words, the thing
or person that receives the
action becomes the subject of
the sentence.
Example:
Complete the following story about a natural disaster using the verbs
in the box in simple past passive. Active: A bacterium caused
the disease.
change discover surprise cover throw recover Passive: The disease was
caused by a bacterium.
Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano in southern Italy. It is famous for Source: https://n9.cl/ywz6b
its eruption in the year 79 AD. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius led
to some really interesting discoveries about the cities of Pompeii and
Herculaneum. Initially, nobody knew about the existence of these cities. Interesting Facts
Then, their ruins by accident in the 18th century; and A pyroclastic flow is a
fast-moving current of hot
people by what was found among them. The cities’
gas and volcanic matter that
ruins had thousands of statue-like remains of the victims of the volcanic
moves away from a volcano.
eruption! Pompeii and Herculaneum’s citizens by Pyroclastic flows travel
the ash and mud of the volcano after the explosion. This ash, mud,
at about 100 km/h on
and rocks out of the volcano at temperatures of average, but they are capable
about 300º Celsius in pyroclastic surges. It is known that there were of reaching speeds of up
about six pyroclastic surges, with some periods of calm between to 700 km/h.
them. This may have caused people to stay instead of looking for
safe places to go. During the explorations, many paintings about old Source: https://bit.ly/32LmEnn
Vocabulary
by the powerful eruption.
recover. to get back something
Source: https://n9.cl/u5ryh that was stolen or lost
21
Language Through the Arts
3. Pour the water, vinegar, water mixed with detergent, and food • A tissue or a small piece of
coloring into the container. Do not add your baking soda yet. paper napkin
4. Add the baking soda when you are ready for the eruption. Simply • A sheet of cardboard
wrap the baking soda in a tissue and drop it into the volcano. The
baking soda will react with the vinegar and cause an eruption.
Step 1. Step 3.
Step 2. Step 4.
Result
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22
Oral Communication
Vocabulary
Have you ever heard about hurricanes and tornadoes? Fortunately,
funnel. shaped like an ice
they are not common in our country due to its location. However,
cream cone with a tube
they occur pretty often in countries near us and cause great damage
extending from its bottom
in those places.
Freepik
Freepik
Listen to a teacher explain the differences between hurricanes,
typhoons, cyclones, and tornadoes. Then, complete the activities.
2. Hurricanes
Are larger.
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23
Lesson D
Hurricane Katrina
Interesting Facts Natural disasters cause great damage and suffering and can also
It is estimated that about bring changes to a population and culture. Hurricane Katrina is a good
2,000 people died because example of this phenomenon.
of Katrina. This is in part In late August 2005, New Orleans, a city on the East Coast of the
because assistance for the United States, was struck by hurricane Katrina, one of the worst and
people who evacuated costliest hurricanes in modern times. The city was built below sea
took more than a week to level, and during the hurricane the strength of the water damaged the
arrive to New Orleans and protection system the city had in place. This caused the city to flood.
many died because of the Some people were evacuated, but some decided to stay and others could
unhealthy and overcrowded not leave. Since the floods were not contained, 80% of the city was
conditions. covered in water in a couple of days. More than 100,000 homes were
Source: https://n9.cl/ct6tm
destroyed, and more than 90% of the population left the city looking
for shelter. Today, the population in the city is 29% less than what it
used to be, however it became more diverse after its amazing rebirth.
Many people that worked in the reconstruction of the city settled there,
mixing different customs and traditions. The tourism and economy of
the city also increased in recent years, which makes it one of the greatest
revivals of a city. Now, it truly is a “New” Orleans!
Source: https://n9.cl/zt2g
Vocabulary
5. Why do you think population in the city was reduced
costliest. the most expensive
after the hurricane?
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24
Oral Communication
Have you ever felt an earthquake? Was it powerful? Are you used
to feeling earthquakes? Do you know how we measure the magnitude
of an earthquake? Get in groups of three students and talk about some
of your experiences during quakes.
Pixabay
Houses destroyed by the Valdivia earthquake
Interesting Facts
In addition to causing
damage in many regions
of Asia and Oceania, the
tsunami arrived nearly 15
hours later in the Hawaii
Islands (which are located
10,000 kilometers away
from Valdivia) and killed 61
people and caused millions
of dollars of damage.
Chile earthquake of 1960 Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. (May 22, 1960).
https://n9.cl/wo2v3
earthquakes in history.
7. Countries far from Chile were greatly affected by the tsunami. Kinemetrics seismograph
25
Reading
What is a tsunami?
• Inferring: Underline the facts you can infer after reading the text.
26
Writing
Culture
Step 1. In the graphic organizer, brainstorm ideas about natural In writing, cause and effect
disasters described in the previous pages. Think of their is a method of paragraph
consequences and write your ideas in the boxes on the right.
development in which a
Step 2. Take your ideas from the graphic organizer and develop them writer analyzes the reasons
into a paragraph of 60-70 words in your notebook. Be sure or the consequences of an
to use the simple past passive tense as well as connectors
action, event, or decision.
of cause and effect.
Step 3. Read what you have written and see if you need to change A cause-and-effect
anything. paragraph or essay can be
organized in various ways.
Step 4. Exchange your paragraph with a partner. Read your partner’s
https://tinly.co/6gdP1
paragraph. Discuss these questions about your paragraphs
with each other:
Cause Effect
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Pixabay
27
Language Through the Arts
Tsunami in a Bottle
Interesting Facts
“Tsunami” comes from This activity will help you understand more about earthquake science
Japanese, and it means “wave and preparedness. It can be done at any time, but make sure to do it
in the harbor.” Tsunamis outdoors to have more fun and avoid making a mess indoors.
can be caused either by
underwater earthquakes or
by huge landslides on islands.
Instructions:
Step 1. Fill about ¼ of the bottle with the soil and stones. Then put
Materials: the bottle upright.
• A 2 to 3-liter soda or water Step 2. Fill the bottle with water very slowly, and then keep it still
plastic bottle for a moment.
• Some small stones and soil
Step 3. Now, carefully put your bottle in a horizontal position. You will
• Water see a small hill made up of the soil and rocks you put in. Wait
for a moment until the water is still.
Step 4. Now use your fingers or hand to press the bottom of the
Tip “ocean” (your bottle), pretending it is an earthquake.
This activity will help you Step 5. Watch, draw, and describe what happened in your experiment
understand more about in the following chart.
earthquake science and 1 2
preparedness. It can be done at
any time, but make sure to do it
outdoors to have more fun and
avoid making a mess indoors.
Vocabulary
upright. positioned to be
straight up: vertical Describe what happened to the water inside when you pressed
the bottle.
still. without moving: without
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motion
28
Oral Communication
Interesting Facts
Recall what a tsunami is and how it is formed. Check the previous
information about tsunamis. Did you know that some years ago According to Collins
tsunami waves arrived in some parts of Galapagos? Dictionary, the large
majority of languages in
the world use the Japanese
word “tsunami” to refer to
this natural phenomenon.
The only thing that differs
slightly is the pronunciation
between different languages.
Some don’t pronounce the
first “t” sound, and some
pronounce the vowels
a little differently.
Do you think that early warning systems are important when facing 3. Do you think there is
natural disasters? Why? anywhere in the world
that doesn’t have natural
disasters?
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29
Graded activities
Assessment
5. Dayko was a Mexican dog that was injured and died as a hero.
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30
Assessment What can nature do?
2 Listen to the audio about the most dangerous disaster that happened on Earth.
Then, infer the correct answer to these questions.
The passage is talking about:
a. A great storm
b. Asteroid impacts
The largest species killed by this natural disaster were the:
c. Dinosaurs
d. Fish
3 Write about the most interesting fact you learned in this module.
I think the most interesting thing I learned is
because
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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31
Project 2
You are going to be teachers for a day! Pretend you are going Tip
to speak to younger students about natural disasters. Using the
information you learned and extra material you find, prepare a short Remember that since this
class for the young students. Follow these steps below. presentation should be for
little children, you should
use language that they
Step 1. Form groups of 4-5 students. Decide what natural disasters
can understand. If you are
you are going to present and who is going to do what in going to use a word that
your group. you think they will not
know, be sure to explain
Step 2. Put your information together. Use what you have learned
in class and search for additional information that you think the word in a simple way.
children would like to know. Think about how you can present
it so that it is interesting for kids. Can you create a game?.
Step 4. Present your project to the class, or, if you can, to younger Notes
students.
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Freepik
32
English What is the impact
Pedagogical Module 6 of music?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Write a summary 5
Ar
t
Mixed tenses 3 7 History of music
So
ci
al
ish
St
ud
gl
ie
Mixed tenses
2
s
En
Music and
expressions The Music 8 emotions
Sc
of Our Lives
ie
nc
e
Music vocabulary 1
Values
9 Cultural identity
Music is an art form; an expression of emotions But it goes beyond rhythm and fashion; music
through musical sounds. Music is also a form of has a deep impact on people’s lives, emotions,
entertainment that joins sounds together in a way and memories. It helps create bonds in families
that makes people dance. and communities and is closely related to one’s
identity and sense of belonging. Music is a
Most music includes people singing or playing universal language.
musical instruments such as the piano, guitar,
or drums. The word “music” comes from the
Greek word mousike which means “(art) of the
Muses.” In Ancient Greece, the Muses included
the goddesses of music, poetry, art, and dance.
Music has transformed throughout time. It has
passed from primitive religious rites to wonderful
pieces of classic art; from disco to electronic and
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1
Lesson A
Vocabulary
more attractive
• List all forms of art that humans may have had. Then, draw one
of them.
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2
Oral Communication
Art
Do you know what a musical instrument is? Have you ever played Is there any traditional
one? In groups of three, discuss any musical instruments that you instrument played in your
know about. community? When is it used?
Using the information from the audio and the words from the box,
complete the time line below.
4000 BC 2500 BC
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3
Reading
Social Studies
Choral Music
Interesting Facts
Many choral performances Have you ever seen people singing together either at church or at
school? Do you like singing?
do not need any music. All
the voices sing together with
perfect rhythm and tones so Choral music is a type of music sung by a choir with two or more
that it seems that music is voices assigned a part to sing. It was developed in Greece around
being played, but it is only 800 B.C.E. It is music that a choir sings or performs, and was often
the voices of the singers. performed by traveling musicians. Around 300 B.C.E., Greek musicians
These are called Acapella invented a way of writing musical notes to describe songs. Then, the
choirs. Nowadays, Acapella Egyptians started to use this method as well. During medieval times, the
groups not only sing Gregorian Chants in Western Europe were common which were many
religious songs but they also voices singing at the same time. This kind of choral music is directly
perform modern music. related to religion. During the Renaissance, sacred choral music, made
up of groups of people, sang in intervals and kept a unique rhythm that
would sound very beautiful. Many famous choral pieces were composed
during this period.
Answer the questions. Source: https://www.britannica.com/art/choral-music
Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false, write the correct statement.
Vocabulary
1. A choir is music sung by one person.
choir. a group of singers
especially in a church
between events
4
Writing
Culture
Write a short paragraph describing what music means to you. Start Some research has shown
with these questions to generate some ideas: that people older than 60
a. Is music important? develop better self-identity,
better connection with
others, maintain their
well-being, and feel more
spiritual because of music.
It has been shown that
b. Do you listen to music while doing homework or practicing sports? music may help avoid
feelings of loneliness
and isolation.
Sorce: https://n9.cl/g3h6
c. Where do you usually hear music?
Interesting Facts
Freepik
Isturitz Flutes
5
Language Through the Arts
ik
Freep
2. It is sung by.
Freddie Mercury performing 1977
6
Oral Communication
Science
Discuss these questions in class. Do you think that music can be healthy Listen to a TV program talk
for us? Why or why not? What do you feel when you listen to music? about the benefits of music.
Then, underline the correct
answers.
1. Is there any type of music that you and your friends like to listen to?
Write a sentence describing it.
3. Are there any activities that you like to do while listening to music
like cleaning or studying?
7
Lesson B
lives are through music. Mothers play music for their babies and sing
to them while they are still in the womb. Parents and teachers use
songs to teach children about many things like numbers or letters. For
example, do you remember how your parents or teachers taught you
about the alphabet? It was probably with a song!
You can also learn words and phrases through songs as well. Chances
are you probably know the words to a song in a different language but
you might not know what they mean. If you want to learn another
language you can start by memorizing parts of songs that you like in
that language along with their meanings. Since music provides an
entertaining form of repetition that helps us memorize the rhythm
and lyrics, you can begin to learn a new language in no time! Learning
another language through songs or music is also a great way to learn
about other cultures. As a famous musician once said, “The world’s
most famous and popular language is music.”
Freepik
Source: https://n9.cl/cnnz
Vocabulary
Answer the following questions.
womb. uterus; the part
of the belly of a woman 1. Remember the first songs you ever learned. What did they teach you?
where a baby is formed
2. List all the things you think you can learn about through music.
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8
Oral Communication
Science
Soundtracks of Life
Interesting Facts
For years, popular culture
has believed that we could
be either right- or left-
brained and even personality
has been determined by
that assumption. However,
scientists have found
through brain imagery that
Freepik
both sides of the brain work
together in most activities.
Even though some functions
are done by specific zones,
Listen to the radio broadcast and fill in the blanks.
the whole brain works
1. Neuroscientists have studied the effects of and together. It means that there
the for a long time. are not left-brained and
right-brained people and
2. The hippocampus and the frontal cortex are two large personality does not depend
in the brain that are associated with . on one hemisphere being
more active than the other.
3. The reason a song reminds us of a particular moment or feeling
Source: https://n9.cl/ktk9
is because it contains a and that
helps our brains to access that information in a unique way.
Tip
4. There are different types of memory, like and
.
Vocabulary
subconscious. something
that exists in a part of the
mind that a person is not
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aware of
9
Reading
Social Studies
Have you ever listened to classical music? Have you ever heard music
from famous composers like Vivaldi or Bach? If possible, listen to
a short extract of classical music.
Pixabay / WikiImages
1820), and the Romantic Period (1780 – 1880). During the Baroque
period, the violin was created and Bach, Vivaldi, Handel, and other
composers wrote music that included the violin. Baroque music
is characterized with organized melodies that are usually very elaborate.
Ludwig Van Beethoven
In the Classical period Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven composed
great symphonies of music that were balanced and clear. Composers Vocabulary
like Chopin, Mendelssohn, and Schumann composed music during the
Romantic Period and their aim was to express emotions through music. composer. a person who
writes music
https://n9.cl/eyr8
characterized. (past tense
of characterize) a typical
feature or quality of someone
or something
sections by an orchestra
Read the text and complete the chart with the missing information.
Period
Composers
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Characteristics
10
Writing
Freepik
Write a short paragraph about one or two songs that bring back
memories. Brainstorm some songs in your head and make an outline
about what you will write. Use the following questions to guide you:
11
Language Through the Arts
Art
Culture
One of the most familiar Let’s find out about the songs that are special to our family members and
music sung in the Eastern create a poster to present to the class.
world are Christmas carols.
Each culture has its own Our family is the first people we meet after we are born. They are
songs. In Latin America our support, the ones that give us love, sometimes they can cause
most countries are very frustration and embarrassment.
religious and carols have
their roots in religious There are memorable moments and celebrations that are closely
hymns. Some other related to music. Many families have their own playlists of music
countries such as the United associated with special celebrations. There are some special Christmas,
States have more popular wedding, or birthday songs.
songs and some of them are Create your family music poster based on the songs that are important
famous during the season to you and your family.
even though their lyrics are Source: https://n9.cl/b5rqz
not related to Christmas.
Beyond their origin all
families sing them and have
their favorite ones.
Sorce: https://n9.cl/mjm9
Materials:
• Cardboard
Freepik
• Scissors
• Glue
• Pictures, photos,
or drawings
• Markers, coloring pencils Instructions
or crayons
Step 1. Ask your parents and grandparents about any special songs
that remind them of special moments in their lives.
Step 2. Listen to those songs and choose which ones you like the best.
Step 3. Create a poster using some of the songs and draw the
memories that those songs bring to your family. You can add
some photos if they are available.
Step 4. Don’t worry if the songs are not in English. All you need to do
ik p
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Free
Step 5. Present the poster to the class and if you can, play some parts
of the songs to your classmates.
12
Oral Communication
Do you have any favorite songs in English? Answer the following questions.
Can you understand some things?
1. Is it easy to understand what the song says?
Why or why not?
13
Assessment
3. What has been the most interesting thing that you have learned about music
in this module?
14
Assessment What is the impact of music?
Researchers in Finland have developed a new method to study how the brain
processes different parts of music. The study showed that many areas of the
brain that are responsible for triggering emotions and creativity are activated
when listening to music. This means that music is one of the few activities
that makes us use our entire brain. Researchers have also found that our brain
reacts to music the same way it reacts to food! This is because a chemical called
dopamine is released in our brain every time we experience something that we
really like; so dopamine is released when you eat a delicious food like pizza and
when you listen to a really good song.
https://n9.cl/2f36o
Write True (T) or False (F). If the statement is false, correct it.
1. Researchers in America have developed a new way to study the
brain and music.
3. Our brain does not react to music the same way it reacts to food.
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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15
Project 1
Interesting Facts Musical instruments can be very expensive, but if you use recycled
materials and your imagination it can be cheap, easy, and fun.
Making instruments at
home or school not only
helps nature because of
recycled materials but also
promotes creativeness and
self-expression as well as
rhythm and coordination.
Being familiar with musical
instruments and music from
an early age develops and
improves listening skills.
Music may also increase
emotional intelligence and
memory. If done at home,
it promotes nice memories
and reinforce bonds.
ik p
Free
Source: https://n9.cl/p1e5w
Materials:
• Scissors
• Glue
• Tape
Form groups of five students and choose some instruments to create
• Paint, paper a band. You are going to present the instruments to the class and
• Waste materials from home describe how you made them.
• Maracas
We can make maracas by using plastic bottles 1/3 filled with dry
beans or rice. You can also use paper, glitter or different materials to
decorate them.
• Guitar
Get an empty tissue box and a toilet roll. Glue the roll to the short
side of the box. Then, using a stapler, attach some rubber bands. You
can also use a cereal box and a paper towel roll. Pain it or decorate it
using your creativity!
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• Drums
Get some plastic or metal containers. Be careful, they may have some
Freepik
sharp edges. Decorate them and use a wooden spoon to play them.
16
Let's Review
Listening Vocabulary
Listen to the audio. Answer the questions with Write five sentences using the words from the boxes.
a classmate.
Percussion Instruments Lyres and Clarinets
1. What is a multi-instrumentalist?
Trumpet Harps and Flutes Guitar
2. What are the benefits of playing different
instruments?
3. What instruments should you learn how to 1.
play if you want to play classical music?
4. How many instruments would you like to play?
2.
Why?
3.
Reading
3.
b. Who first created disco music?
4.
c. In what decade did disco become most popular?
5.
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17
Lesson C
Pixabay
to be very conservative.
music can have a unique style.
Source: https://n9.cl/xc8u9 They might wear dark clothes like Elvis Presley
artist. a singer or musician Pair work. Discuss it with a classmate and write your answer here.
that records their music Describe some fashion trends you and your friends follow because
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of an artist/s.
rock. a type of popular music
with a strong beat that is
played with instruments like
the electric guitar and drumsv
18
Oral Communication
Art
The Guitar
Tip
What facts do you know about the guitar? Discuss them in class. You can Learn the vocabulary
ask: What kind of music can we play with the guitar? What is the origin words before you listen to
of the guitar?
the audio.
Listen to the audio that describes a guitar. Then, complete the activities. Interesting Facts
1. Complete the names of the parts of the guitar. You can listen to the The Frying Pan
audio as many times as you need.
The first electric guitar
ever was created by George
Bauchamp in 1931. It was
1
called the “frying pan”
because it had a flat, circular
body and a handle.
Its creator did not patent
2
the guitar until 1937, so
other companies started
producing electric guitars.
There have been many
3 wonderful creations, each
of them with a special sound
and characteristics. Fender,
Gibson, Van Halen, among
others, have been played
by famous bands.
Source: https://n9.cl/7ao66
Vocabulary
c.
pluck. to pull and release
d. a string on a musical
instrument with your fingers
e. to make a sound
19
Reading
the Amati family. The Amati family became so famous for their skills
in crafting violins that Catherine de Médicis, a ruler from France, asked
them to make a variety of string instruments for the Royal Ensemble.
mentioned in the text and write some interesting facts about their music.
Discuss the evolution of the
violin with a classmate. You
can ask: How did the violin
become a popular instrument?
20
Writing
Vocabulary
Group work. Get in groups of 3-4 students. Take turns telling your
classmates a story someone told you about. Remember to use the electrify. to cause someone
structures from the grammar box. to feel a lot of excitement.
21
Language Through the Arts
Mind maps help us to organize information about a particular subject. Read the text and answer
Read the text below and complete the mind map. these questions.
6 2 Freepik
Vocabulary
The violin
bow. a tool that is used for
playing a violin or similar
musical instrument that is
made of a thin stick of wood
with its ends connected by
stretched pieces of hair or
5 3 fiber
orchestra. a group of
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22
Oral Communication
Musical instruments have been around for a very long time but some
were invented many years before others. Discuss some of the first
musical instruments that you think were created.
Culture
Pianos have been part of culture for about two centuries. Some
pianists claim there is no “Stradivarius” version for pianos, which
means there is none with a perfect sound, not even in concert halls.
23
Lesson D
How do you think music can connect people across the world?
Pixabay/ Idearriba
Songs from previous decades like the 70’s and 80’s have been heard
by many generations and a lot of those songs are still enjoyed by younger
generations and played on the radio today. As we can see, music is not Vallenato
limited to a region, country or era. All people can like all types of music!
Source: https://n9.cl/77lw
Look for the lyrics of the song
and write the parts that you
like the most. If the song you
like is in another language, try
to figure out the meaning of
the words.
Vocabulary
Freepik
generational. relating
Couple dance to different generations
of people; similar to the
Spanish word “generacional”
24
Oral Communication
Interesting Facts
Before you listen to the audio, discuss these questions with a Recently, there have been
classmate: How is classical music different than the music that exists many singers and bands
today? Do you think classical music could have influenced modern day
that have included different
music? Listen to a news report about classical music and complete
the activities. languages in their songs
which transcends language
barriers. According to
Billboard, the song “Bailando”
by Enrique Iglesias is one of
the most famous songs due
to its strong English and
Spanish chorus. The song
stayed in first place on the
list for several weeks.
Source: https://n9.cl/rm64
Freepik
Orchesta
2. What are some of the ways classical music has influenced Wikimedia Commons
modern music?
Adele
3. What is the part of songs that we remember the most? Why?
Composer:
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Pieces of music:
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Reading
Source: https://n9.cl/y6wa
Vocabulary Answer True (T) or False (F). If it is false, write the correct statement.
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Writing
Summarizing Information
Grammar Note
Write a paragraph of 60 – 70 words about the violin. Check the writing Mixed tenses
process in the box and use the graphic organizer to help you.
In real life we do not only
use one tense to talk. When
speaking English, we use
different tenses according
to what we want to say. The
most commonly used are:
Simple past: Actions finished
in past.
Simple present: Routines
and facts.
Simple future: Decisions
made at the moment,
promises, offers, requests.
We also use perfect tenses:
Present perfect: Actions
started in past and not
finished, experiences.
Past perfect: Actions that
happened before others in
the past.
To be going to / present
continuous: Plans for
the future.
Remember to use different
Tip
tenses when writing
your paragraph.
Writing process, do this in your notebook:
Brainstorming: Writing ideas and words.
Organization: Organize information. Graphic organizer. Topic
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Language Through the Arts
Songwriting
During all the module we have talked about music What kind of song are you going to write?
and our favorite songs. Now is your turn to try and
write a short song in English. Share the lyrics with Topic:
the class and choose your favorite song.
Verse:
Freepick
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Oral Communication
Tip
Recall what a tsunami is and how it is formed. Check the previous
information about tsunamis. Did you know that some years ago Learn the vocabulary
tsunami waves arrived in some parts of Galapagos? words before you listen
to the audio.
Listen to the audio about the history of Andean music and complete Vocabulary
the activities. Complete these statements.
degree. different levels
Ecuador was hit by two major earthquakes in 1987 and 2016. of something
1. Traditional melodies come from areas inhabited by hit. something that
from , Bolivia, Ecuador, , is very successful
Let’s do some research. List the five most common instruments that
are used to play Andean music. Then, describe the main characteristics
of each one.
The five most common instruments used to play Andean music are:
Answer these questions with
a. a classmate.
b. • Why do you think Andean
music is more popular in
c. some areas of Latin America?
d. • In what other countries
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Assessment
1 El Condor Pasa
• Write True (T) or False (F). If the statement is false, correct it.
a. Alomia Robles was influenced to compose El Condor Pasa in the
20th century
f. In 1933...
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Assessment What is the impact of music?
3 Write a short paragraph of 60-70 words about your favorite topic on music.
I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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Project 2
Each region has its preference about music. You are going to find out what
the most common kind of music is in your community. Is it tropical music?
Andean music? Old or new music? Follow these steps.
Step 1
Step 2
Each student should ask 10 people the questions on the survey. Be sure
to write the age of the person you ask, because maybe you will notice
interesting results according to age groups.
Step 3
Put your results together with your group members’ results. You should
have a total of 50 participants. Make tables and charts to show the results.
Step 4
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Present your results to the class. Do you notice some similarities among all the
groups? What can you conclude about your community’s musical preferences?
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