A Lecture on Personality – Vocabulary

1.We’ll look at three different theories of personality: a t………………. theory, social c………………… and humanism.

2.A trait is a p…………………. of behavior that is c…………………….. enough for us to be able to say that a person has a
tendency to act and react in a certain way.

3.The main trait t…………………….. are Allport, Eysenck and Cattell, but there are some differences between their
a…………………….

4.Allport’s interest in personality focused on the uniqueness of each individual, which means he took an
i……………………… approach.

5.Eysenck and Cattell took a n…………………… approach – they focused on discovering which traits were common to all
the individuals in a particular group.

6.Some statistical methods of data processing in psychological research are f……………… a……………… and a
m……………………. method.

7.The Big Five model includes such traits as extroversion, neuroticism (or introversion), a…………………………,
c…………………………. and openness to experience.

8.The most widespread method of measuring personality is with carefully designed q………………………

In order to establish c………………… or patterns in the responses some of the questions will overlap or correlate with
each other.

9. One of the disadvantages of self-reports is their subjectivity. Respondents may mis…………………. or mis…………………
the questions or the questions may be a………………………..

10.Social cognitivism claims that our personalities are formed by the dynamic i……………………….. of the individual with
the e…………………………

11.Bandura is the author of the notion and term “self - …………………..”.

12.Mischel is the author of the theory of s……………………….. which claims that there is actually very little consistency
in people’s behavior across situations.

13.Humanists argue that each individual has a unique self - …………………..

14.Maslow is well known for his h……………………… of needs.

15.For Carl Rogers personality is a process of self - ………………………….

16.Trait theory deals with c………………….. aspects of the personality, whereas social cognitive and humanistic
approaches assume that personality is a d………………….. i…………………… of the individual with its surroundings.

17.There is also the question if personality is inherited or environmentally d………………………

18.The common method for investigating genetically inherited characteristics is “twin studies” with identical (or
m………………….) and fraternal (or d……………………) twins.

19.Borkenau’s research is based on reports from detached observers, who a……………………… the behavior of twins
over a range of situations on video recordings.