12/7/2022

ASSIGNMENT 01

Tranformation Of IQBAL From Indian

to Muslim Nationalist

0406-BSCS-A10
TALHA BADAR
  Nationalism:

Identification with one’s own nation and support for its interest,
especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interest of other
nations. Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the
nation should be congruent with the state.

It is common knowledge that Iqbal entered the corridor of fame as a

nationalist poet. In this phase, he was profoundly influenced by the
spirit of nationalism abroad. He sang of India, its rivers, its
mountains, its countryside as well as its glorious past and cultural
heritage. Not only Iqbal laud India to high skies putting her on
pedestal higher than Greece, Egypt and Rome.

Iqbal was Indian nationalist before his visit to Europe. He construed

India superior to the rest of the world by expressed his feelings of
patriotism.

‫سارے جہاں سے اچھا ہندوستاں ہمارا‬

‫ يہ گلستاں ہمارا‬،‫ہم بلبليں ہيں اس کي‬
  Concept of Pakistan and realizing two
nations:
This phase came to an end after Iqbal visit to Europe,1905-1908.
Before his European sojourn, Iqbal had opted for nationalism
because he felt that the regeneration of Indian Muslims lay in their
marching together. But, now, as events from Bengal partition (1905)
days indicated even his fellow Muslims in India were having serious
mental reservation. From the vantage point of a European base, Iqbal
could easily see that onward march of nationalism had bred racialism
in several Muslims countries. Under the impact of nationalism and in
order to build up their own nationalistic altars, the Turks, the
Egyptians, the Iranians and the Arabs had tended to emphasize their
particular racial origins. Governing with in the British empire or
without the British empire. The formation of a consolidation of North
West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of
Muslims. Iqbal concept was clear about that it was based on ideology
and geographical factor, Iqbal thought was of only North West India
for Muslim and not of Bengal. Lahore resolution was held on 1940
where Iqbal announced that Muslims state will be based on religious
rule. Unfortunately, Iqbal died before the formation of Pakistan.

 Pan Islamism
Little surprising, then, that like Afghani, Iqbal came to the pan
Islamic ideal in response to a desperate situation. Although Iqbal
held on his pan Islamic orientation for over two decades, a keen
observer of Muslim affairs such that as he was, he couldn’t have
escaped perceiving the harsh fact that his panacea of pan-Islam in its
idealistic and classical form was not propitious or relevant in Muslim
world.
Iqbal was a staunch supporter of Indian nationalism and between
1895-1905 he wrote many poems in its support. He appleade for the
union of Hindu and Muslim communities which he thought together
Formed “one Indian nation”. Iqbal three years stay in Europe majorly
helped him with the development of his thought and idea. While
being in London, Iqbal took active part in the new Muslim political
movement. In 1930, Iqbal spoke at the session of all India Muslim
league held at Allahabad and delivered his famous address. He stated
that:

“I would like to see Punjab, NWFP, Sindh and Baluchistan into a

single state, self-governing within the British empire or without the
British empire…. The formation of a consolidation appears to me
to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of north west India.”

 Concept of ijtihad

In the ninth and twentieth centuries. Muslims were occupied by

western powers that came across the local Muslim cultural and
traditions. The only way to save Muslim society from the west was to
stick to the past. A According to him, conservative and modernist
approach both unrealistic. Iqbal took a balance approach between
conservative and modernism whereby he acknowledges approach
which firmly anchored between conservative and modernism.

Ijtihad was exercised from the early days of Islam. Started from the
early practice, ijtihad then was used extensively by the four great
scholars of Muslim.
Iqbal tried to revive ijtihad and bring back this dynamic element of
Islamic civilization. Iqbal observe that no law or institute can be truly
Islamic unless it imbibes the spirit of dynamic outlook of Quran.
Iqbal elaborates his view on ijtihad in his poetry, letters and lectures.
According to Iqbal, only religious obligations are permanent and
cannot be changed like prayer, period of fasting. The destiny of
Muslims was based on ideological legacy of Indian Islam. Iqbal’s
demand for “The creation of autonomous states” on the base of
religion, geography, language, history.

 Concept of Khudi

Th central theme of Iqbal philosophical thought throughout his

works, prose and poetry, especially in The Secrets of the Self, The
Secrets of Selflessness and Message from the East is the Doctrine of
Khudi. Khudi is a reality neither an abstract thought nor an idea that
reveals itself as a unity of what we call mental states. Mental states
do not exist in mutual isolation. To Iqbal, inner experience is the ego
or Khudi at work.

The basis of Iqbal's doctrine of khudi is a strong faith in the evolution

of man. To Iqbal this evolution is to be attained by fortifying Khudi.
The most important factors which strengthen Khudi are: Desire,
Action, Courage, Suffering, Tolerance. Khudi in this evolutionary
process towards uniqueness has to pass through three stages;
Obedience to Law, Self-Control and Divine-Vicegerency.

Iqbal’s concept of khudi has been criticized, misunderstood, and

even assumed to be borrowed from Friedrich Nietzsche’s idea of the
uberman. However, Iqbalian scholars have concluded that it almost
certainly originates in Maulana Rumi’s prose work Fihi Ma Fihi.