Second Year Mech. Power Eng.

Tanta University
Mechanical Power Eng. Dept. Faculty of Engineering
Thermodynamics (2)
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

Sheet No 4
Gas Power Cycles

1- An air standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. The pressure and temperature at the beginning
of compression 1 bar and 27 º C respectively. The heat transfer to the air per cycle is 1600 kj/kg of air,
Determine the following:
a) The pressure and temperature at each corner of the cycle.
b) The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
c) The mean effective pressure of the cycle.

2- The maximum pressure in an air standard Otto cycle is 21 bar, and the minimum pressure is bar. If the
thermal efficiency of this cycle is 47 %.
Determine the compression ratio, and the mean effective pressure of the cycle.

3- An air standard Diesel cycle with a compression ratio of 15, the pressure and temperature at the
beginning of compression are 1 bar and 27 º C. heat supplied at a constant pressure is 2850 kj/kg of air.
Determine the following:
a) The cut-off ratio of the cycle
b) The work ratio of the cycle
c) The thermal efficiency of the cycle.

4- For an air standard Diesel cycle, the following data are recorded:
Compression 16
Heat added 2500 kj/kg
Minimum cycle temperature 27 º C
Minimum cycle pressure 1 bar
Air flow rate 0.25 kg/s
Calculate:
a) the pressure at each pointing the cycle
b) the cycle thermal efficiency
c) power output of the cycle.

5- Solve the following:

a) The pressure ratio of an air standard simple Brayton cycle is 4: 1 the pressure and temperature of
the air entering the compressor are 1 bar and 27 º C respectively. The maximum temperature in
the cycle is 877 º C. The compression and expansion processes are isentropic.
Determine the compressor work, turbine work, work ratio and the cycle thermal efficiency.

b) Repeat (a) with adiabatic compression and expansion, if the isentropic efficiencies for the
compressor and turbine are 88 % and 85 % respectively.
Second Year Mech. Power Eng. Tanta University
Mechanical Power Eng. Dept. Faculty of Engineering
Thermodynamics (2)
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

6- In a theoretical gas turbine cycle with reheater, the pressure ratio is 7, and the air enters the compressor
at a temperature of 27 º C. the air is reheated in a reheater to the same maximum cycle temperature. If
the ratio between the maximum and minimum temperature is 3.5:

a) Calculate the work of the cycle per kg of air.

b) Determine the cycle thermal efficiency.

Note:
The work output from the H.P.T used to drive the compressor. The atmospheric pressure is 1 atm.

7- An ideal gas-turbine cycle with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion has an overall
pressure ratio of 8. Air enters each stage of the compressor at 300 k and enters each stage of the turbine
at 1300 k.
Determine the back-work ratio and the thermal efficiency of this gas-turbine cycle, assuming
a) No regenerators
b) An ideal regenerator with 100 percent effectiveness.

8- In a gas-turbine plant air enters a compressor at atmospheric conditions of 15 º C, 1.0133 bar and is
compressed through a pressure ratio of 10. The air leaving the compressor passes through a heat
exchanger before entering the combustion chamber at 800 º C and expands through HP turbine, which
drives the compressor. On leaving the HP turbine, the gases pass through a reheat combustion chamber
which raises the temperature of the gases to 800 º C before they expand through the power turbine and
then to the heat exchanger where they flow in counter-flow to the air leaving the compressor. Using the
data below, neglecting the mass flow rate of fuel and changes of velocity throughout, Calculate

a) the air flow rate required for a net power output of 10 MW

b) the back-work ratio of the cycle.
C) The temperature of the air entering the first combustion camber.
d) The overall cycle efficiency.

Data:

Isentropic efficiency of compressor 80 %

Isentropic efficiency of Hp turbine 87%
Isentropic efficiency of power turbine 85%
Mechanical efficiency of HP turbine-compressor drive 92%
Mechanical efficiency of power turbine drive 94%
Heat exchanger effectiveness 0.75
Pressure drop on air side of heat exchanger 0.125 bar
Pressure drop in first combustion chamber 0.100 bar
Pressure drop in reheat combustion 0.080 bar
Pressure drop on gas side of heat exchanger 0.100 bar